Designing Communication Design

Innovating in the field of new media genres requires methods for producing designs that can succeed in being disseminated and used outside of design research labs. This article uses the author's experiences with the development of university courses in communication design to address the research question: How can we design courses to give students the competencies they need to work as designers of new media? Based on existing approaches from UX design and other fields, I present a model that has demonstrated its usefulness in the development of commercial products and services. The model emphasises rapid techniques for user research and ideation; genre analysis; use of pitching and storytelling as a form of prototyping; and humanist methods for evaluation and critique

Convenient superintendent or independent liberator? : A critical look at Halfdan Endresen’s role in the liberation of slaves in Northern Cameroon

Bacheloroppgave i samfunnsfag, VID vitenskapelige høgskole, Stavanger, mai 2020I Nord-Kamerun i 1950 begynte mange slaver å rømme til den norske misjonsstasjonen i Ngaoundéré. Det Norske Misjonsselskap, ledet av tilsynsmann Halfdan Endresen, hjalp disse slavene med å få sin frihet, og over de neste 15 årene spilte de en stor rolle i forbedringene av slavenes posisjon og etter hvert også avskaffelsen av slaveriet. Gjennom en tekstanalyse av relevant litteratur og arkivmateriale blir Endresens rolle fremhevet, og hans viktighet uavhengig av sin organisasjon understrekes. Han fungerte i stor grad som en reaksjonær vakthund, som holdt den franske lokale administrasjonen og etter hvert den kamerunske regjeringen ansvarlig overfor menneskerettighetene gjennom kritikk og kontinuerlig vilje til å konfrontere høyere autoriteter. Gjennom en postkolonial lesning av kildene viser det seg at mange har oversett viktigheten av de rømte slavenes egen innsats, og heller har gitt æren til Endresen. Dette ser ikke ut til å gjelde for Endresen selv, som inkluderte mange av de rømte slavenes egne historier i sine bøker, og som også innrømte at de rømmende slavene var det som hadde tvunget ham til å ta handle.In 1950, Northern Cameroon, many slaves started escaping and running to the Norwegian mission station in Ngaoundéré. The Norwegian Mission Society, led by superintendent Halfdan Endresen, helped these slaves get their freedom, and over the next 15 years played an important role in the improvement of the slaves’ position, and eventually the abolishment of slavery. Through a text analysis of relevant literature and archive material, Endresen’s role as an individual is highlighted, emphasizing his importance separately from his organization. He functioned much like a watch dog, only acting in reaction, keeping the French local administration and eventually the Cameroonian government accountable to the Human Rights through criticism and continued willingness to confront higher authorities. Through a postcolonial reading of the sources it is clear that many have overlooked the importance of the escaping slaves’ own efforts in their own liberation, giving only Endresen credit. However, this does not appear to apply to Endresen himself, who included many escaped slaves’ stories in his books, and also admitted that the escaping slaves were what forced him to act.submittedVersio

Cestodes in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) at a W Norwegian hatchery: Infection dynamics, aspects of development and pathology

Many cestodes use copepods as first intermediate hosts, and some may infect juvenile salmonids in hatcheries that use water from sources that are inhabited by native salmonids. Little is known about their infection dynamics and development under these artificial conditions. The cestode fauna of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) was examined from February (fry) to the end of July (parr) at a hatchery in Hordaland, W Norway. Two fish groups, which followed standard rearing conditions, were studied. These groups received inlet water through filter systems with differing efficiency. Thus the fish groups were infected at different times in spring. Sampling was carried out at bi-weekly intervals, and a total of 1709 juvenile salmon were examined during the study. In addition, a total of 43 wild salmonids (salmon, rainbow trout, charr and brown trout) from the supplying watercourse were examined for the presence of cestodes. Two adult tapeworms, Eubothrium crassum (Bloch, 1779) and Proteocephalus longicollis (Zeder, 1800), and a single Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824) plerocercoid were found in the juvenile salmon. Eubothrium crassum and P. longicollis were first found in the juvenile salmon in late March. The principal infection with E. crassum occurred from late March to mid May, while infections with P. longicollis mainly took place in two pulses, one in March – April and one in May – June. Prevalence of E. crassum and P. longicollis reached a maximum of 42% and 41%, respectively. A few tapeworms were usually found in each infected salmon. The development time from larva to the gravid state was estimated to 50 days (750 day-degrees) and 33 days (460 day-degrees) for E. crassum and P. longicollis, respectively, suggesting that these cestodes may complete their life cycle in less than a year. Small fish showed higher abundance of E. crassum or P. longicollis than larger fish. Abundance and load (weight worm/weight fish) of E. crassum were negatively correlated with host condition, suggesting that E. crassum may have a negative effect on salmon growth. Proteocephalus longicollis infections appeared to be less harmful. The study highlights the importance of effective filtering of the inlet water in hatcheries, since the evidence suggest that E. crassum interfere with the production of smolts

The cross and the crescent in East Africa : an examination of the reasons behind the change in Christian-Muslim relations in Tanzania 1984-1994

Hovedfagsoppgave i kristendom ved MenighetsfakultetetsubmittedVersio

Heroic Missionaries, Heathen Medicine Men and Conditionally Competent Natives : A postcolonial look at the NMS’ mission exhibition “To the Ends of the Earth” between 1948 and 1950

Master in Community Development and Social Innovation, VID Specialized University, Stavanger, May 2022Between 1948 and 1960, the travelling mission exhibition “To the Ends of the Earth” organized by the Norwegian Mission Society (NMS) travelled across Norway, informing Norwegians about the “mission fields” and the work that the mission organization did in them. Through a postcolonial archive study, the exhibition is revealed to have mainly been a tool to promote the significance of and the need for the missionaries. By presenting heathendom as the cause of the natives’ suffering, the NMS solidified their position as the only actor who could provide the help they needed. Beyond topics of religious nature, the exhibition is shown to have been quite ethnographic in its presentation of the mission fields. Through this, an ambivalent image of the native as both competent and infantile was presented, in which their competence was largely dependent upon their conversion to Christianity. Though the exhibition attempted to make the claim that the natives could become equal to the missionaries, a postcolonial reading of the material undermines this image. It also reveals that the exhibition’s presentation is unlikely to have been truthful, but rather an edited version of reality created to present the NMS favorably.Mellom 1948 og 1960 dro det Norske Misjonsselskaps (NMS) misjonsutstilling «Til Jordens Ender» gjennom Norge, og lærte nordmenn om «misjonsmarkene» og det arbeidet som misjonsorganisasjonen gjorde der. Gjennom en postkolonial arkivstudie viser misjonsutstillingen seg hovedsakelig å ha vært et verktøy for å fremme viktigheten av og behovet for misjonærer. Ved å framstille hedendom som årsaken til de innfødtes lidelser forsterket NMS sin posisjon som eneste aktør som kunne tilby hjelpen de innfødte trengte. Utover temaer av religiøs natur framsto utstillingen som å ha vært ganske etnografisk i sin presentasjon av misjonsmarkene. Gjennom dette ble et ambivalent bilde av de innfødte framstilt, hvor de var både kompetente og infantile, men hvor kompetentheten deres i stor grad var avhengig av deres konvertering til kristendom. Selv om utstillingen forsøker å påstå at de innfødte kan bli likeverdige med misjonærene, så blir dette inntrykket undergravet av en postkolonial lesning. Det avslører også at utstillingens framstilling mest sannsynlig ikke er sannferdig, men en redigert versjon av virkeligheten lagd for å framstille NMS positivt.published versio