888 research outputs found

    O indivíduo, a sociedade e a doença: contexto, representação social e alguns debates na história das doenças

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    This article aims to discuss the concept of social representation of the disease. It is based on discussions in the theoretical field about the relationship between individual and society. In order to do so, authors of different disciplinary matrices - Anthropology, Sociology, History and Psychology - are analyzed, which, in common, analyzed the insertion of the individual in the social structure, providing different angles of thinking about the question. It is necessary to mobilize the relationship between the concept of Social Representation and the experience of the disease, which takes place both in subjective and concrete terms, in the search for the understanding that there are permanencies in the social construction of chronic and epidemic diseases.Este artigo pretende discutir o conceito de representação social das doenças. Está baseado em discussões no campo teórico sobre a relação entre indivíduo e sociedade. Nesse sentido, autores de diferentes matrizes disciplinares – Antropologia, Sociologia, História e Psicologia – são analisados pensando a inserção do indivíduo na estrutura social, mostrando diferentes ângulos do pensamento sobre a questão. Para tanto, foi necessário mobilizar a relação entre o conceito de representação social e o da experiência da doença, que ocorre tanto em termos subjetivos quanto concretos, na busca do entendimento do que é permanência na estrutura social de doenças crônicas e epidêmicas.Cet article a pour objet de discuter du concept de représentation sociale des maladies. Il est basé sur des discussions dans le domaine théorique sur la relation entre l'individu et la société. En ce sens, les auteurs de différentes matrices disciplinaires - anthropologie, sociologie, histoire et psychologie - sont analysés en considérant l'insertion de l'individu dans la structure sociale, en montrant différents angles de pensée sur la question. Il fallait donc mobiliser la relation entre le concept de représentation sociale et celui d’expérience de la maladie, qui apparaît à la fois de manière subjective et concrète, dans la recherche d’une compréhension de ce qui est permanent dans la structure sociale des maladies chroniques et épidémiques

    UTILIZAÇÃO DE FARINHA MISTA DE AVEIA E TRIGO NA ELABORAÇÃO DE BOLOS

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    O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade tecnológica e sensorial do uso da farinha de aveia em mistura com farinha de trigo (0, 15, 30 e 45% de adição) na elaboração de bolos. A farinha de aveia apresentou maior granulometria que a de trigo, de modo que maior quantidade dessa farinha nas formulações eleva a retenção de partículas nas peneiras utilizadas. Foi observado pela análise farinográfica que a absorção de água e o tempo necessário para formação de massa homogênea e estável às condições de mistura aumentaram com o incremento no teor de farinha de aveia. A densidade das massas cruas aumentou com a adição da farinha de aveia, sendo o oposto observado para o volume do bolo. A análise sensorial revelou que as formulações com 0% e 30% de farinha de aveia foram as mais aceitas pelos consumidores. O emprego de 30% de farinha de aveia não modificou a aceitação dos atributos sabor, textura e impressão global do bolo, sendo viável a utilização dessa porcentagem para substituição parcial da farinha de trigo na elaboração de bolos

    Proteínas vegetais como alimentos funcionais - revisão / Vegetable proteins as functional foods – review

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    Alimentos vegetais possuem propriedades biológicas, podendo ser considerados alimentos potencialmente funcionais ou de promoção da saúde. Em espécies vegetais, as proteínas são de bastante interesse, estão presentes em diferentes partes de sua estrutura. Algumas de suas propriedades funcionais são atribuídas a peptídeos e proteínas biologicamente ativos, para esta atividade requer hidrólise de proteínas por digestão: enzimática, fermentação ou autólise. Além disso, as proteínas de origem vegetal exercem poder antioxidante em produtos, agregando valor a produtos. Na área alimentícia torna-se crescente a procura de antioxidantes naturais, pois além de agregar valor nutricional e baixo custo. Como objetivo para este trabalho, trata-se de avaliar por bases literárias as propriedades benéficas à saúde fornecidas por proteínas de origem vegetal

    ENTRE VIDAS NO JORNALISMO LITERÁRIO E ESTUDOS POLÍTICOS: diversidade de olhares na construção da Comunicação

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    A Revista Observatório apresenta seu sexto número de 2018, com capa produzida pelos colegas do Coletivo Fabulografias (UNICAMP/UNISO), trazendo dois dossiês especiais! O primeiro, intitulado JORNALISMO LITERÁRIO, foi organizado pelos colegas Dra. Monica Martinez, da Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO) e pelo Dr. Mateus Yuri Passos, Universidade Metodista de São Paulo (UNIMEP) e tem o objetivo de socializar as pesquisas sobre histórias de vida de pesquisadores de Jornalismo Literário. O segundo, intitulado COMUNICAÇÃO, POLÍTICA E AMAZÔNIA, foi organizado pelos colegas Dra. Cynthia Mara Miranda, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Dra. Danila Gentil Rodriguez Cal, da Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA) e Dra. Li-Chang Shuen, da Universidade Federal do Maranhão (UFMA) e  tem como foco trazer artigos que versem sobre as relações de Comunicação e Política no contexto da Amazônia Legal como estudos realizados por pesquisadores (as) que estão vinculados a instituições de ensino e pesquisa sediados na região e que pesquisam Comunicação e Política

    Diretriz Brasileira sobre a Saúde Cardiovascular no Climatério e na Menopausa – 2024

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    Women, who represent approximately half of the global population according to estimates as of January 2024, may experience signs and symptoms of menopause for at least one-third of their lives, during which they have a higher risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The effects of menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) on the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events vary depending on the age at which MHT is initiated and the time since menopause until its initiation. Beneficial effects on CVD outcomes and all-cause mortality have been observed when MHT was initiated before the age of 60 or within 10 years after menopause. The decision regarding the initiation, dose, regimen, and duration of MHT should be made individually after discussing the benefits and risks with each patient. For primary prevention of postmenopausal chronic conditions, the combined use of estrogen and progestogen is not recommended in asymptomatic women, nor is the use of estrogen alone in hysterectomized women. Hormone-dependent neoplasms contraindicate MHT. For the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause, vaginal estrogen therapy may be used in patients with known cardiovascular risk factors or established CVD. For women with contraindications to MHT or who refuse it, non-hormonal therapies with proven efficacy (antidepressants, gabapentin, and fezolinetant) may improve vasomotor symptoms. Compounded hormonal implants, or "bioidentical" and "compounded" hormones, and "hormone modulation" are not recommended due to lack of scientific evidence of their effectiveness and safety.Mujeres, que representan aproximadamente la mitad de la población mundial según estimaciones de enero de 2024, pueden experimentar signos y síntomas de la menopausia durante al menos un tercio de sus vidas, durante los cuales tienen un mayor riesgo de morbilidad y mortalidad cardiovascular. Los efectos de la terapia hormonal de la menopausia (THM) en la progresión de la aterosclerosis y los eventos de enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) varían según la edad en que se inicia la THM y el tiempo transcurrido desde la menopausia hasta su inicio. Se han observado efectos beneficiosos en los resultados de ECV y la mortalidad por todas las causas cuando la THM se inició antes de los 60 años o dentro de los 10 años posteriores a la menopausia. La decisión sobre la iniciación, dosis, régimen y duración de la THM debe tomarse individualmente después de discutir los beneficios y riesgos con cada paciente. Para la prevención primaria de condiciones crónicas en la posmenopausia, no se recomienda el uso combinado de estrógeno y progestágeno en mujeres asintomáticas, ni el uso de estrógeno solo en mujeres histerectomizadas. Las neoplasias dependientes de hormonas contraindican la THM. Para el tratamiento del síndrome genitourinario de la menopausia, se puede usar terapia estrogénica vaginal en pacientes con factores de riesgo cardiovascular conocidos o ECV establecida. Para mujeres con contraindicaciones a la THM o que la rechazan, las terapias no hormonales con eficacia demostrada (antidepresivos, gabapentina y fezolinetant) pueden mejorar los síntomas vasomotores. Los implantes hormonales compuestos, o hormonas "bioidénticas" y "compuestas", y la "modulación hormonal" no se recomiendan debido a la falta de evidencia científica sobre su efectividad y seguridad.As mulheres, que representam cerca de metade da população mundial segundo estimativas de janeiro de 2024, podem sofrer com sinais e sintomas da menopausa durante pelo menos um terço de suas vidas, quando apresentam maiores risco e morbimortalidade cardiovasculares. Os efeitos da terapia hormonal da menopausa (THM) na progressão de eventos de aterosclerose e doença cardiovascular (DCV) variam de acordo com a idade em que a THM é iniciada e o tempo desde a menopausa até esse início. Efeitos benéficos nos resultados de DCV e na mortalidade por todas as causas ocorreram quando a THM foi iniciada antes dos 60 anos de idade ou nos 10 anos que se seguiram à menopausa. A decisão sobre o início, a dose, o regime e a duração da THM deve ser tomada individualmente após discussão sobre benefícios e riscos com cada paciente. Para a prevenção primária de condições crônicas na pós-menopausa, não se recomendam o uso combinado de estrogênio e progestagênio em mulheres assintomáticas nem o uso de estrogênio sozinho em mulheres histerectomizadas. Neoplasias hormônio-dependentes contraindicam a THM. Para tratamento da síndrome geniturinária da menopausa, pode-se utilizar terapia estrogênica por via vaginal em pacientes com fatores de risco cardiovascular conhecidos ou DCV estabelecida. Para mulheres com contraindicação à THM ou que a recusam, terapias não hormonais com eficácia comprovada (antidepressivos, gabapentina e fezolinetante) podem melhorar os sintomas vasomotores. Os implantes hormonais manipulados, ou hormônios “bioidênticos” “manipulados”, e a ‘modulação hormonal’ não são recomendados pela falta de evidência científica de sua eficácia e segurança

    Racial differences in systemic sclerosis disease presentation: a European Scleroderma Trials and Research group study

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    Objectives. Racial factors play a significant role in SSc. We evaluated differences in SSc presentations between white patients (WP), Asian patients (AP) and black patients (BP) and analysed the effects of geographical locations.Methods. SSc characteristics of patients from the EUSTAR cohort were cross-sectionally compared across racial groups using survival and multiple logistic regression analyses.Results. The study included 9162 WP, 341 AP and 181 BP. AP developed the first non-RP feature faster than WP but slower than BP. AP were less frequently anti-centromere (ACA; odds ratio (OR) = 0.4, P < 0.001) and more frequently anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibodies (ATA) positive (OR = 1.2, P = 0.068), while BP were less likely to be ACA and ATA positive than were WP [OR(ACA) = 0.3, P < 0.001; OR(ATA) = 0.5, P = 0.020]. AP had less often (OR = 0.7, P = 0.06) and BP more often (OR = 2.7, P < 0.001) diffuse skin involvement than had WP.AP and BP were more likely to have pulmonary hypertension [OR(AP) = 2.6, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.7, P = 0.03 vs WP] and a reduced forced vital capacity [OR(AP) = 2.5, P < 0.001; OR(BP) = 2.4, P < 0.004] than were WP. AP more often had an impaired diffusing capacity of the lung than had BP and WP [OR(AP vs BP) = 1.9, P = 0.038; OR(AP vs WP) = 2.4, P < 0.001]. After RP onset, AP and BP had a higher hazard to die than had WP [hazard ratio (HR) (AP) = 1.6, P = 0.011; HR(BP) = 2.1, P < 0.001].Conclusion. Compared with WP, and mostly independent of geographical location, AP have a faster and earlier disease onset with high prevalences of ATA, pulmonary hypertension and forced vital capacity impairment and higher mortality. BP had the fastest disease onset, a high prevalence of diffuse skin involvement and nominally the highest mortality

    Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

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    Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

    Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

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    Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

    Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

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    This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

    Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

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    One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI
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