658 research outputs found
Brazing of alumina ceramic and graphite to titanium by amorphous foil Ti-20Zr–20Cu–20Ni. As the filler metal
Brazed joints of alumina ceramic and graphite with titanium were tested for shear strength. This was followed by investigation of their microstructure and phase compositions using scanning electron microscopy and EDS analysis. Active diffusion of alloy and ceramic components during brazing resulted in the formation of sophisticated microstructures characterized by a non-uniform distribution of elements. No intermetallic layers were found at the titanium interface, both in graphite-titanium and ceramic-titanium brazed joints. This new effect, and post-braze diffusion heat treatment, may improve the strength and ductility of brazed joints of dissimilar base materials.Була випробувана міцність при зсуві паяних з’єднань оксидно-алюмінієвої кераміки та графіту з титаном. Досліджено їх мікроструктури та фазові склади за допомогою скануючої електронної мікроскопії та ЕДС аналізу. Активна дифузія сплаву та керамічних компонентів у процесі паяння спричиняє утворення складних мікроструктур, які характеризуються нерівномірним розподілом елементів. У паяних сполуках на поверхні поділу з титаном, як для графіту, так і для оксидної кераміки, шари інтерметалідів не були знайдені. Цей новий ефект, а також дифузійна термообробка після паяння можуть сприяти підвищенню міцності та пластичності паяних сполук на основі різнорідних матеріалів.Испытана прочность при сдвиге паяных соединений оксидно-алюминиевой керамики и графита с титаном. Исследованы их микроструктуры и фазовые составы с помощью сканирующей электронной микроскопии и ЭДС анализа. Активная диффузия сплава и керамических компонентов в процессе пайки приводит к образованию сложных микроструктур, и которые характеризуются неравномерным распределением элементов. В паяных соединениях на границе раздела с титаном, как для графита, так и для оксидной керамики, слои интерметаллидов не были обнаружены. Этот новый эффект и диффузионная термообработка после пайки могут повысить прочность и вязкость паяных соединений на основе разнородных материалов
Crystallization of the ordered vortex phase in high temperature superconductors
The Landau-Khalatnikov time-dependent equation is applied to describe the
crystallization process of the ordered vortex lattice in high temperature
superconductors after a sudden application of a magnetic field. Dynamic
coexistence of a stable ordered phase and an unstable disordered phase, with a
sharp interface between them, is demonstrated. The transformation to the
equilibrium ordered state proceeds by movement of this interface from the
sample center toward its edge. The theoretical analysis dictates specific
conditions for the creation of a propagating interface, and provides the time
scale for this process.Comment: 8 pages and 3 figures; to be published in Phys. Rev. B (Rapid
Communications section
Anisotropic dark energy stars
A model of compact object coupled to inhomogeneous anisotropic dark energy is
studied. It is assumed a variable dark energy that suffers a phase transition
at a critical density. The anisotropic Lambda-Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff
equations are integrated to know the structure of these objects. The anisotropy
is concentrated on a thin shell where the phase transition takes place, while
the rest of the star remains isotropic. The family of solutions obtained
depends on the coupling parameter between the dark energy and the fermion
matter. The solutions share several features in common with the gravastar
model. There is a critical coupling parameter that gives non-singular black
hole solutions. The mass-radius relations are studied as well as the internal
structure of the compact objects. The hydrodynamic stability of the models is
analyzed using a standard test from the mass-radius relation. For each
permissible value of the coupling parameter there is a maximum mass, so the
existence of black holes is unavoidable within this model.Comment: 12 pages, 6 figures, final manuscript, Accepted for publication in
Astrophysics & Space Scienc
Improved numerical stability of stationary black hole evolution calculations
We experiment with modifications of the BSSN form of the Einstein field
equations (a reformulation of the ADM equations) and demonstrate how these
modifications affect the stability of numerical black hole evolution
calculations. We use excision to evolve both non-rotating and rotating
Kerr-Schild black holes in octant and equatorial symmetry, and without any
symmetry assumptions, and obtain accurate and stable simulations for specific
angular momenta J/M of up to about 0.9M.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures, 1 typo in Eq. (20) correcte
Observational tests for \Lambda(t)CDM cosmology
We investigate the observational viability of a class of cosmological models
in which the vacuum energy density decays linearly with the Hubble parameter,
resulting in a production of cold dark matter particles at late times.
Similarly to the flat \Lambda CDM case, there is only one free parameter to be
adjusted by the data in this class of \Lambda(t)CDM scenarios, namely, the
matter density parameter. To perform our analysis we use three of the most
recent SNe Ia compilation sets (Union2, SDSS and Constitution) along with the
current measurements of distance to the BAO peaks at z = 0.2 and z = 0.35 and
the position of the first acoustic peak of the CMB power spectrum. We show that
in terms of statistics both models provide good fits to the data and
similar results. A quantitative analysis discussing the differences in
parameter estimation due to SNe light-curve fitting methods (SALT2 and MLCS2k2)
is studied using the current SDSS and Constitution SNe Ia compilations. A
matter power spectrum analysis using the 2dFGRS is also performed, providing a
very good concordance with the constraints from the SDSS and Constitution
MLCS2k2 data.Comment: Revised version, to appear in JCA
Transverse phase-locking in fully frustrated Josephson junction arrays: a new type of fractional giant steps
We study, analytically and numerically, phase locking of driven vortex
lattices in fully-frustrated Josephson junction arrays at zero temperature. We
consider the case when an ac current is applied {\it perpendicular} to a dc
current. We observe phase locking, steps in the current-voltage
characteristics, with a dependence on external ac-drive amplitude and frequency
qualitatively different from the Shapiro steps, observed when the ac and dc
currents are applied in parallel. Further, the critical current increases with
increasing transverse ac-drive amplitude, while it decreases for longitudinal
ac-drive. The critical current and the phase-locked current step width,
increase quadratically with (small) amplitudes of the ac-drive. For larger
amplitudes of the transverse ac-signal, we find windows where the critical
current is hysteretic, and windows where phase locking is suppressed due to
dynamical instabilities. We characterize the dynamical states around the
phase-locking interference condition in the curve with voltage noise,
Lyapunov exponents and Poincar\'e sections. We find that zero temperature
phase-locking behavior in large fully frustrated arrays is well described by an
effective four plaquette model.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure
Observing the First Stars and Black Holes
The high sensitivity of JWST will open a new window on the end of the
cosmological dark ages. Small stellar clusters, with a stellar mass of several
10^6 M_sun, and low-mass black holes (BHs), with a mass of several 10^5 M_sun
should be directly detectable out to redshift z=10, and individual supernovae
(SNe) and gamma ray burst (GRB) afterglows are bright enough to be visible
beyond this redshift. Dense primordial gas, in the process of collapsing from
large scales to form protogalaxies, may also be possible to image through
diffuse recombination line emission, possibly even before stars or BHs are
formed. In this article, I discuss the key physical processes that are expected
to have determined the sizes of the first star-clusters and black holes, and
the prospect of studying these objects by direct detections with JWST and with
other instruments. The direct light emitted by the very first stellar clusters
and intermediate-mass black holes at z>10 will likely fall below JWST's
detection threshold. However, JWST could reveal a decline at the faint-end of
the high-redshift luminosity function, and thereby shed light on radiative and
other feedback effects that operate at these early epochs. JWST will also have
the sensitivity to detect individual SNe from beyond z=10. In a dedicated
survey lasting for several weeks, thousands of SNe could be detected at z>6,
with a redshift distribution extending to the formation of the very first stars
at z>15. Using these SNe as tracers may be the only method to map out the
earliest stages of the cosmic star-formation history. Finally, we point out
that studying the earliest objects at high redshift will also offer a new
window on the primordial power spectrum, on 100 times smaller scales than
probed by current large-scale structure data.Comment: Invited contribution to "Astrophysics in the Next Decade: JWST and
Concurrent Facilities", Astrophysics & Space Science Library, Eds. H.
Thronson, A. Tielens, M. Stiavelli, Springer: Dordrecht (2008
Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector
A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results
Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC
Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC
provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of
lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated
luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with
a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the
transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the
anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the
nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of
the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp.
Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in
the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies
smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating
nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and
transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of
inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous
measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables,
submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are
available at
http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02
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