Sprint performance and force-velocity profiling does not differ between artificial turf and concrete

Purpose: Force-velocity-power (F-v-P) profiling can illustrate an individual’s sprinting capabilities, but no study has explored the effect of different running surfaces on F-v-P outcomes. Method: Twelve elite youth football players (age 16.3 0.5 years, mass 67.3 5.4 kg, height 176.2 4.6 cm) performed two 30 m sprints on concrete and artificial turf in a randomised order on two testing days. Differences between surfaces were determined using repeated-measures ANOVA (P < 0.05), whilst the coefficient of variation (CV), smallest worthwhile change and standard error of measurement were calculated to quantify reliability. Results: No significant differences were found between surfaces over the average of two days. High reliability was evident for 30 m sprint time, theoretical maximum horizontal velocity and ratio of force on both surfaces (CV 5%), while the remaining outputs were not reliable (CV >10%). Conclusion: These findings show that F-v-P profiling does not differ between concrete and artificial turf. However, higher variability on the more unfamiliar concrete surface suggests that the testing surface should match the playing surface. Since the standard error of measurement is larger than the smallest worthwhile change, the ability of this method to monitor seasonal changes may be limited in youth elite soccer players

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Engineering properties of binary cement concretes and their effect on punching shear of flat slabs

Concrete is the most important building material in the world due to the fact that it is versatile and gives architectural freedom. For sustainable construction solutions concrete is the material of choice if the embodied CO2 content is considered. In concrete, cement is the main constituent and due to the limit on the availability of natural minerals used, the energy released and the CO2 emissions produced during its manufacture, it can be partially replaced using industrial by-products e.g. Pulverised Fuel Ash (PFA), Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) and silica fume. The effects of the partial replacement of cement with these industrial by products on fresh and hardened properties of concrete cured under summer and winter environments are established and compared with the Portland cement (PC) concrete. Early age strength of concrete containing GGBS and PFA is less than the PC concrete, which would prevent its use in the in the post tensioned concrete and in fast-track construction, where early removal of formwork, or early application of load to the structure are the main requirements. For this reason, and due to the demand of high strength concrete in construction, for its improved durability properties, concrete containing GGBS and PFA was produced by keeping the water/cement ratio low and a superplasticiser was used to achieve the required workability. At low water/cement ratio, concrete containing GGBS up to 50 % and PFA Lip to 30 % can achieve the required early age strength for the removal of formwork if cured properly. At the age of 28 days, the flexural strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete in which PC is partially replaced with GGBS and PFA are increased in comparison to where this is not carried out. For practical applications of the sustainable concrete mixes in structural concrete production and due to the limited data availability on punching shear strength, concrete containing GGBS and PFA in flat slab specimens were tested for this property. In flat slabs without beams, the design criteria is often the resistance against punching shear failure at the column/slab connection. Punching failure is the separation of the portion of the slab surrounding the column from the rest and is a brittle failure. Experimental punching shear results are compared to the estimates of BS 8110, BS EN1992-1-1 and ACI 318 and it was found that the estimates of ACI318 and BS 8110, ignoring the partial safety factors, are close to the experimental results and the estimates of BS EN 1992-1-1 are over conservative. Based on the test results of punching shear resistance of flat slabs, and the materials used, it is concluded that concrete containing GGBS up to 50 % and PFA up to 30 % can be used in flat slabs without any special design requirements and the design rules given in different codes of practice can be used without modifications. It is evaluated that for a concrete, designed for characteristic strength of 30 MPa, a reduction of 152 kg/m3 of CO2 and 0.65 GJ/m30f energy consumption can be achieved by replacing PC with 50 % GGBS and a reduction of 62.5 kg/m3 of C02 and 0.27 GJ/m3 of energy can be achieved by using 30 % PFA concrete

Successful outcome in managing of aluminum phosphide poisoning

Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is a potent lethal substance, that use for agriculture purpose, as a pesticide. this substance may use for suicide, and it will kill the patient rapidly. we want to report a patient who use ALP for suicide purpose and was managed quickly in the emergency department and he became alive. Keywords: Aluminum phosphide, Suicide, Outcom

Successful outcome in managing of aluminum phosphide poisoning

Aluminum phosphide (ALP) is a potent lethal substance, that use for agriculture purpose, as a pesticide. this substance may use for suicide, and it will kill the patient rapidly. we want to report a patient who use ALP for suicide purpose and was managed quickly in the emergency department and he became alive

Challenges of managing hypertension in Pakistan - A review

Background: This review aims to describe existing evidence on the state of hypertension in Pakistan, including the prevalence, associated risk factors, preventive strategies, and challenges in the management of hypertension.Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted electronically using PubMed and Google Scholar. Using specific screening methodology, 55 articles were selected to be included.Results: We found from this extensive review that several small studies report high prevalence of hypertension but there is a lack of population based prevalence of hypertension in Pakistan. Lifestyle risk factors such as obesity, unhealthy diet, decreased physical activity, low socioeconomic status, and lack of access to care were the main associated factors with hypertension. Lack of blood pressure monitoring practices and medication non-adherence were also linked to uncontrolled hypertension in Pakistan and were more evident in primary care setups. The evidence presented is essential for delineating the burden of the disease, hence allowing for better management of this underserved population.Conclusion: There is a need for updated surveys to depict the true prevalence and management of hypertension in Pakistan. Cost-effective implementation strategies and policies at the national level are needed for both prevention and control of hypertension

Research data supporting Graphene-Black Phosphorus Printed Photodetectors

Data are generated based on experimental results such as Raman, Scanning tunneling electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Absorption spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inkjet printing, chemical vapor deposition, electrical characterizations, bending tests, and theoretical calculations for theoretical absorption of the photodetector.EU grants Graphene Flagship, HiGraphInk, Neurofibres, ERC Grants Hetero2D, EPSRC Grants EP/K01711X/1, EP/K017144/1, EP/N010345/1, EP/L016087/1, EP/V000055/1, EP/P00119X/1, DSTL, ISF grant 1732/18