Bouffées de chaleur et cancer du sein : facteurs de risque et relation avec les perturbations du sommeil

Cette thèse doctorale s'intéresse aux bouffées de chaleur (BCs) et à leur relation avec les difficultés de sommeil dans le contexte du cancer du sein. La première étude utilise les données d'une étude longitudinale antérieure mesurant subjectivement les BCs et les difficultés de sommeil chez 81 patientes traitées pour un cancer du sein non métastatique. Elle poursuit trois objectifs: (a) évaluer l'effet des traitements oncologiques adjuvants (chimiothérapie, radiothérapie et hormonothérapie) sur la fréquence et la sévérité des BCs (article 1); (b) préciser le rôle de certaines caractéristiques sociodémographiques et médicales dans l'augmentation du risque de présenter des BCs (article 1); et (c) évaluer la relation entre les changements survenus sur le plan des BCs et ceux survenus sur le plan des difficultés de sommeil durant et suivant les traitements adjuvants (article 2). Les résultats montrent que les BCs sont exacerbées par la chimiothérapie et l'hormonothérapie. L'utilisation antérieure d'hormones de remplacement et un plus faible indice de masse corporelle sont associés à une augmentation du risque de présenter des BCs plus dérangeantes suite au diagnostic de cancer du sein. Les changements survenus dans les BCs durant les trois mois suivant la fin des traitements adjuvants sont associés à des changements concomitants des difficultés de sommeil. La deuxième étude (article 3) vise à : (d) évaluer la relation entre les caractéristiques des BCs nocturnes et les perturbations du sommeil à l'aide de mesures objectives; et (e) caractériser le sommeil entourant les BCs nocturnes. Cinquante-six participantes ont porté pendant une nuit à domicile un appareil mesurant les BCs par électroconductance sternale et le sommeil par polysomnographie. Une fréquence plus élevée de BCs nocturnes est associée à plus de puissance spectrale dans les bandes de fréquence lente et delta. Des BCs plus longues et présentant une plus lente montée en intensité sont associées à des perturbations du sommeil accrues. Le sommeil suivant le début des BCs paraît être davantage perturbé comparativement aux cinq minutes précédant celles-ci. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse précise les facteurs de risque des BCs dans le contexte du cancer du sein et leur association avec les difficultés de sommeil des patientes

Bibliothèques et sciences de l\u27information : quel dialogue ? - Programme

Face aux évolutions technologiques, scientifiques, économiques, sociales, culturelles et politiques de leur environnement, les bibliothèques en tant qu\u27organismes culturels et scientifiques doivent repenser leurs pratiques, leur positionnement économique, politique et institutionnel, et leur rôle social, culturel et scientifique. Dans ce contexte, qu\u27attendent les bibliothèques de la recherche ? Quels thématiques et projets de recherche répondraient à leurs besoins ? Les sciences de l\u27information peuvent-elles apporter des réponses aux enjeux actuels ? Pour répondre aux interrogations posées par ces nouveaux défis, le colloque croise les approches et expériences de bibliothécaires et chercheurs en sciences de l\u27information de nombreux pays ( France, Canada, Etats-Unis, Allemagne, Royaume-Uni...

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Validation empirique de l'Index de sévérité de l'insomnie auprès de personnes atteintes de cancer

Cet essai étudie la fonction et le fonctionnement de la figure rimbaldienne dans la première partie de l'œuvre romanesque de Philippe Soupault. Nous formulons, d'une part, l'hypothèse que l'œuvre de Soupault est une lecture de l'œuvre-vie de Rimbaud, et proposons pour le vérifier une étude de la première décennie d'écriture de Soupault, soit de 1917 à 1925. Ce faisant, notre étude met au jour la figure rimbaldienne telle qu'elle apparaît et migre dans les poésies et la prose d'abord; puis étudie son fonctionnement et son évolution dans l'œuvre de Soupault. Plus simplement, il s'agit de voir comment le roman, lieu de représentation du monde, est structuré par une poétique placée sous le signe de l'échec et un idéal de rupture fondé sur le principe d'imitation de Rimbaud. Cette mise en perspective nous permet, à terme, de rendre hommage à une œuvre souvent oubliée derrière celle d'un Breton ou d'un Aragon, et surtout d'en souligner l'originalité et la sensibilité

Moderators of treatment effects of a video-based cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia comorbid with cancer

Purpose : To assess the moderating role of demographic and clinical variables on the efficacy of a video-based cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (VCBT-I) among breast cancer patients. Patients and methods. As part of a randomized controlled trial, 80 women received VCBT-I. Results : Patients with a more advanced breast cancer were less likely to show reductions on the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and increased sleep efficiency at posttreatment. Patients using an antidepressant medication showed a larger reduction of ISI scores and a higher rate of insomnia remission. Remission of insomnia was also significantly more likely in individuals with a higher annual income. When using a multivariate binary classification tree analysis, the best and unique predictor of insomnia remission was having a less severe baseline ISI score. Conclusion : Although efficacious in general, VCBT-I does not appear to be an optimal format for everybody

Feasibility of a cognitive-behavioral and environmental intervention for sleep-wake difficulties in community-dwelling cancer patients receiving palliative care

Abstract BACKGROUND: High rates of sleep-wake difficulties have been found in patients with cancer receiving palliative care. Pharmacotherapy is the most frequently used treatment option to manage these difficulties despite numerous adverse effects and the absence of empirical evidence of its efficacy and innocuity in palliative care. OBJECTIVE: This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a cognitive-behavioral and environmental intervention (CBT-E) to improve insomnia and hypersomnolence in patients with a poor functioning level and to collect preliminary data on its effects. METHODS: Six patients with cancer receiving palliative care (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score 2-3), who had insomnia and/or hypersomnolence, received 1 CBT-E individual session at home. They applied the strategies for 3 weeks. Patients completed the Insomnia Severity Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, a daily sleep diary, and a 24-hour actigraphic recording (7 days) at pretreatment and posttreatment, in addition to a semistructured interview (posttreatment). RESULTS: Participants found strategies easy to apply most of the time, and none was rated as impossible to use because of their health condition. However, their adherence and satisfaction toward CBT-E were highly variable. Results on the effects of CBT-E were heterogeneous, but improvements were observed in patients with a persistent insomnia disorder. CONCLUSIONS: The CBT-E protocol tested among this highly selected sample was fairly well received and suggested positive outcomes in some patients, particularly those with an insomnia complaint alone. IMPLICATIONS: Efforts should be pursued to adapt CBT-E and develop other nonpharmacological interventions, in order to provide an alternative to pharmacotherapy for sleep-wake difficulties in this population

Empirical validation of the Insomnia Severity Index in cancer patients

Despite the elevated prevalence of insomnia in cancer patients, there is a lack of brief validated instruments for the evaluation of this particular problem in this population. The goal of this study is to empirically validate the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and to evaluate its ability to screen insomnia in 1670 cancer patients. The results support the internal consistency and temporal stability of the ISI. Its two-component factor structure is clear and stable between different cancer diagnoses. The construct validity of that instrument is also supported by correlations obtained with various measures of sleep and one measure of quality of life. The ISI is also sensitive to therapeutic changes. A clinical cut-off score of 8 on the ISI is associated with optimal sensitivity and specificity for the detection of sleep difficulties. In conclusion, the ISI appears to be an excellent evaluation and screening tool in the context of cancer

A longitudinal examination of the interrelationships between multiple health behaviors in cancer patients

A healthy lifestyle following a cancer diagnosis is associated with reduced risk for a cancer recurrence. Better understanding the interrelationships between multiple health behaviors (HB) in cancer survivors could inform the development of more effective interventions to promote a healthy lifestyle. Methods: This prospective study assessed the longitudinal interrelationships between smoking, physical activity, alcohol intake, and caffeine consumption among patients with mixed cancer sites at the peri‐operative period and 2, 6, 10, 14, and 18 months later. A cross‐lagged design and structural equation modeling were used to assess the relationships between all four HBs over time. Results: The study included 962 participants. The model showed a good fit to the data. For all four HBs, continuity paths consistently indicated that one particular health behavior was significantly predicted by the same health behavior at the previous time point. However, no consistent pattern of cross‐lagged relationships between HBs emerged. Physical activity at 14‐ and 18‐month evaluations was the HB most consistently involved either as a predictor as a predicted variable. Conclusion: Overall, this study indicates that HBs assessed following cancer surgery are mostly independent and that interventions promoting HB changes during the cancer treatment trajectory need to target each health behavior separately

Sleep-wake difficulties in community-dwelling cancer patients receiving palliative care : subjective and objective assessment

Objective : Prevalence rates of sleep difficulties in advanced cancer patients have varied widely across studies (12 to 96%), and none of these employed a diagnostic interview to distinguish different types of sleep–wake disorders. Moreover, very limited information is available on subjective and objective sleep parameters in this population. Our study was conducted in palliative cancer patients and aimed to assess rates of sleep–wake disorders and subsyndromal symptoms and to document subjective and objective sleep–wake parameters across various types of sleep–wake difficulties. Method : The sample was composed of 51 community-dwelling cancer patients receiving palliative care and having an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score of 2 or 3. Relevant sections of the Duke Interview for Sleep Disorders were administered over the phone. An actigraphic recording and a daily sleep diary were completed for 7 consecutive days. Results : Overall, 68.6% of the sample had at least one type of sleep–wake difficulty (disorder or symptoms): 31.4% had insomnia and 29.4% had hypersomnolence as their main sleep–wake problem. Participants with insomnia as their main sleep difficulty had greater disruptions of subjective sleep parameters, while objectively-assessed sleep was more disrupted in patients with hypersomnolence comorbid with another sleep–wake difficulty. Significance of the Results : The high rates of sleep–wake difficulties found in this study indicate a need to screen more systematically for sleep–wake disorders, including insomnia and hypersomnolence, in both palliative care research and clinical practice, and to develop effective nonpharmacological interventions specifically adapted to this population