Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta procesadora de harina de orujo de uva (vitis vinifera) a partir de subproductos de la industria vitivinícola

The main objective of the project is to determine the technical, economic - financial viability for the installation of a grape pomace flour processing plant; and, commercialize it in 1 kg bags to the bakery companies of Metropolitan Lima. The proposal for grape pomace flour is presented due to the increasingly high demand for healthy products and the results in the acceptance levels of the market study. The demand for the last year of operation amounts to 151 377 bags and, as a result, the processing plant will be installed in the district of San Vicente de Cañete, Cañete province, Lima with an approximate area of 891 m2. The production process consists of the following operations: weighing, washing, drying, grinding, sieving, mixing, bagging and boxing. Likewise, an installed capacity of 179 064 kg of finished product per year has been determined. Regarding the result of the economic and financial analysis, a financial NPV of S/ 2 464 493 and a financial IRR of 66,02% have been obtained. The NPV was calculated over five years and with a Kc of 17,50%. With the aforementioned economic indicators, it is expected to be profitable, with a Benefit / Cost ratio of 2,66 and recovering the investment in the third year of operation.The main objective of the project is to determine the technical, economic - financial viability for the installation of a grape pomace flour processing plant; and, commercialize it in 1 kg bags to the bakery companies of Metropolitan Lima. The proposal for grape pomace flour is presented due to the increasingly high demand for healthy products and the results in the acceptance levels of the market study. The demand for the last year of operation amounts to 151 377 bags and, as a result, the processing plant will be installed in the district of San Vicente de Cañete, Cañete province, Lima with an approximate area of 891 m2. The production process consists of the following operations: weighing, washing, drying, grinding, sieving, mixing, bagging and boxing. Likewise, an installed capacity of 179 064 kg of finished product per year has been determined. Regarding the result of the economic and financial analysis, a financial NPV of S/ 2 464 493 and a financial IRR of 66,02% have been obtained. The NPV was calculated over five years and with a Kc of 17,50%. With the aforementioned economic indicators, it is expected to be profitable, with a Benefit / Cost ratio of 2,66 and recovering the investment in the third year of operation

How should the sustainability of the location of dry ports be measured? A proposed methodology using Bayesian networks and multi-criteria decision analysis

The global economic structure, with its decentralized production and the consequent increase in freight traffic all over the world, creates considerable problems and challenges for the freight transport sector. This situation has led shipping to become the most suitable and cheapest way to transport goods. Thus, ports are configured as nodes with critical importance in the logistics supply chain as a link between two transport systems, sea and land. Increase in activity at seaports is producing three undesirable effects: increasing road congestion, lack of open space in port installations and a significant environmental impact on seaports. These adverse effects can be mitigated by moving part of the activity inland. Implementation of dry ports is a possible solution and would also provide an opportunity to strengthen intermodal solutions as part of an integrated and more sustainable transport chain, acting as a link between road and railway networks. In this sense, implementation of dry ports allows the separation of the links of the transport chain, thus facilitating the shortest possible routes for the lowest capacity and most polluting means of transport. Thus, the decision of where to locate a dry port demands a thorough analysis of the whole logistics supply chain, with the objective of transferring the largest volume of goods possible from road to more energy efficient means of transport, like rail or short-sea shipping, that are less harmful to the environment. However, the decision of where to locate a dry port must also ensure the sustainability of the site. Thus, the main goal of this article is to research the variables influencing the sustainability of dry port location and how this sustainability can be evaluated. With this objective, in this paper we present a methodology for assessing the sustainability of locations by the use of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) and Bayesian Networks (BNs). MCDA is used as a way to establish a scoring, whilst BNs were chosen to eliminate arbitrariness in setting the weightings using a technique that allows us to prioritize each variable according to the relationships established in the set of variables. In order to determine the relationships between all the variables involved in the decision, giving us the importance of each factor and variable, we built a K2 BN algorithm. To obtain the scores of each variable, we used a complete cartography analysed by ArcGIS. Recognising that setting the most appropriate location to place a dry port is a geographical multidisciplinary problem, with significant economic, social and environmental implications, we consider 41 variables (grouped into 17 factors) which respond to this need. As a case of study, the sustainability of all of the 10 existing dry ports in Spain has been evaluated. In this set of logistics platforms, we found that the most important variables for achieving sustainability are those related to environmental protection, so the sustainability of the locations requires a great respect for the natural environment and the urban environment in which they are framed

Evaluación del efecto del hidróxido de calcio (cal apagada) en la estabilización del pH de aguas desembocadas del río Millojahuira en el embalse Pasto Grande, Moquegua - 2022

La calidad del agua es muy fundamental para el ser humano a futuro y esta se ve englobado en factores y problemas ambientales, tales puedan ser de forma natural o como causada por el ser humano por sus actividades, dentro de ello influye mucho el nivel ácido y alcalino del pH presente en los cuerpos de agua. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es evaluar el efecto del hidróxido de calcio (cal apagada) en el proceso de la estabilización del potencial de hidrógeno (pH) de las aguas desembocadas del río Millojahuira en el embalse Pasto Grande, Moquegua. Para el proceso de estabilización del pH se usó la siguiente metodología experimental, mediante ensayos de dosificación

Diseño de la infraestructura vial con pavimento flexible en la vía Lajas - Quinuapampa, Distrito de Lajas, Provincia de Chota, Cajamarca

El presente proyecto de investigación, el cual tiene por título: “Diseño de la infraestructura vial con pavimento flexible en la vía Lajas - Quinuapampa, Distrito de Lajas, Provincia de Chota, Cajamarca”, se desarrolló a raíz de las carencias que presenta la vía, afectando el tránsito, comercio y demás actividades propias de la zona, la investigación tiene como objetivo general el de: Diseñar la infraestructura vial con pavimento flexible en la vía Lajas – C.P de Quinuapampa, Distrito de Lajas, Provincia de Chota - Cajamarca 2021. Se realizaron estudios de campo, laboratorio, así como también se hizo uso de especificaciones técnicas y guías para diseños proporcionadas por el MTC (Manual Diseño Geométrico de Carreteras DG (2018), Manual de Carreteras Suelos, Geología, Geotecnia y Pavimentos (2013), AASHTO 93). El diseño del pavimento, se realizó mediante el método AASHTO 93, que proporciona distintos parámetros para la obtención de valores, que faciliten el cálculo estructural del pavimento flexible. Los datos finales obtenidos para los espesores del pavimento flexible fueron los de: una capa asfáltica de 5 cm, una base de 15 cm y una capa de sub-base de unos 20 cm

TIC como estrategia de enseñanza aprendizaje en el área de Ciencias Naturales en el contenido fuerza y movimiento

Las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) han venido a revolucionar la forma en que las instituciones educativas las transfieren a sus propósitos. Esta realidad se ve reflejada por el número de estudiantes que actualmente utilizan las herramientas tecnológicas en su ámbito diario, ya sea en el centro educativo como en sus hogares. Ante esta realidad las diferentes áreas del saber se están acomodando para que el aprendizaje de las mismas sea en forma fluida, motivadora y actualizada, aspecto que el docente debe de considerar cuando planifica actividades que estén mediadas didácticamente. En este trabajo se detalla la evolución de las TIC en el campo educativo, sus fortalezas y debilidades en su implementación, así como las valiosas sugerencias para su correcto desempeño en los aprendizajes de los estudiantes. Los cambios que experimentan los estudiantes al aprender con TIC y sin las mismas, se evidencian en los resultados al final de una sesión de clase, al igual que con sus opiniones diversas en relación a su uso por parte del docente. Por tal razón, el crear actividades que lleven un componente tecnológico es una prioridad para la educación de este siglo, sin quedarse en el pasado como único método de enseñanza. Es ahí, donde propuestas didácticas elaboradas por los docentes le dan un sentido amplio a la palabra educación integral, ya que promueven aspectos que solamente con el uso de las tecnologías se logran apreciar, tal es el caso de: Actualización, innovación tecnológico-educativa y la destreza tecnológica del docente y el estudiante. La unidad didáctica (UD) se plantea como una forma de planificación mediada con el uso de componentes TIC y con materiales del contexto, unida al entorno circundante del estudiante. Estos elementos brindan un alcance real de lo que es enseñar para la vida, aspecto muy utilizado en los programas y currículo de educación nicaragüense. Por tal razón, se utiliza ese esquema de UD para presentar una propuesta en Ciencias Naturales usando para ello, diversas herramientas TIC que actualmente tenemos

Oxford SWIFT IFS and multi-wavelength observations of the Eagle galaxy at z=0.77

The `Eagle' galaxy at a redshift of 0.77 is studied with the Oxford Short Wavelength Integral Field Spectrograph (SWIFT) and multi-wavelength data from the All-wavelength Extended Groth strip International Survey (AEGIS). It was chosen from AEGIS because of the bright and extended emission in its slit spectrum. Three dimensional kinematic maps of the Eagle reveal a gradient in velocity dispersion which spans 35-75 +/- 10 km/s and a rotation velocity of 25 +/- 5 km/s uncorrected for inclination. Hubble Space Telescope images suggest it is close to face-on. In comparison with galaxies from AEGIS at similar redshifts, the Eagle is extremely bright and blue in the rest-frame optical, highly star-forming, dominated by unobscured star-formation, and has a low metallicity for its size. This is consistent with its selection. The Eagle is likely undergoing a major merger and is caught in the early stage of a star-burst when it has not yet experienced metal enrichment or formed the mass of dust typically found in star-forming galaxies.Comment: accepted for publication in MNRA

Plan de emprendimiento en base a venta de artesanías mediante una plataforma digital: cultural legacy

El presente trabajo de emprendimiento está elaborado con el propósito de solucionar una problemática, la cual es el mercado de las Artesanías peruanas, siendo este uno de los rubros que se ha visto afectado por la emergencia sanitaria vivida en el Perú y el mundo a causa del Covid -19. Cultural Legacy es una plataforma virtual que busca poder conectar a los maestros artesanos con compradores que realmente valoran su trabajo, dedicación, detalle y sobretodo la cultura que posee cada pieza y está dirigida a los sectores A y B de Lima Metropolitana. El propósito principal de este emprendimiento es lograr ayudar a reactivar el sector de las artesanías y a difundir la importancia y riqueza de la cultura peruana, ya que después de la pandemia vivida hay brechas económicas y culturales de las que será difícil recuperarse y más aún cuando muchos de los artesanos no saben cómo aprovechar los recursos tecnológicos para extender sus canales de venta a varias partes del país. Para validar este modelo de negocio, se han realizado diversas entrevistas y encuestas con usuarios y expertos del mercado de artesanías los cuales se contacto vía redes sociales y correos. Para lograr el principal objetivo del emprendimiento se ha elaborado un extenso análisis, a partir del cual se han formulado planes estratégicos que abarquen temas importantes de marketing, operaciones, recursos humanos, responsabilidad social y financiamiento para poder evaluar la empresa y el desarrollo óptimo del proyecto.The present work of entrepreneurship is elaborated with the purpose of solving a problem, which is the market of Peruvian handicrafts, being this one of the items that has been affected by the sanitary emergency experienced in Peru and the world because of the Covid -19. Cultural Legacy is a virtual platform that seeks to connect master craftsmen with buyers who really value their work, dedication, detail and above all culture that each piece has and is aimed at sectors A and B of metropolitan Lima. The main purpose of this venture is to help reactivate the handicrafts sector and to spread the importance and richness of our culture. After the pandemic there are economic and cultural gaps from which it will be difficult to recover and even more so when many of the artisans do not know how to take advantage of technological resources to extend their sales channels to various parts of the country. To validate the business model, it has been conducted several interviews and surveys with users and experts in the handicrafts market, which we contacted via Facebook, email and video calls. To achieve the main objective, it has been made an extensive analysis from which it has formulated strategic plans covering important issues of marketing, operations, human resources, social responsibility and financing to assess the company and the optimal development of the project.Trabajo de investigació

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

The sensitivity of real-time PCR amplification targeting invasive Salmonella serovars in biological specimens

Background: PCR amplification for the detection of pathogens in biological material is generally considered a rapid and informative diagnostic technique. Invasive Salmonella serovars, which cause enteric fever, can be commonly cultured from the blood of infected patients. Yet, the isolation of invasive Salmonella serovars from blood is protracted and potentially insensitive. Methods: We developed and optimised a novel multiplex three colour real-time PCR assay to detect specific target sequences in the genomes of Salmonella serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A. We performed the assay on DNA extracted from blood and bone marrow samples from culture positive and negative enteric fever patients. Results: The assay was validated and demonstrated a high level of specificity and reproducibility under experimental conditions. All bone marrow samples tested positive for Salmonella, however, the sensitivity on blood samples was limited. The assay demonstrated an overall specificity of 100% (75/75) and sensitivity of 53.9% (69/128) on all biological samples. We then tested the PCR detection limit by performing bacterial counts after inoculation into blood culture bottles. Conclusions: Our findings corroborate previous clinical findings, whereby the bacterial load of S. Typhi in peripheral blood is low, often below detection by culture and, consequently, below detection by PCR. Whilst the assay may be utilised for environmental sampling or on differing biological samples, our data suggest that PCR performed directly on blood samples may be an unsuitable methodology and a potentially unachievable target for the routine diagnosis of enteric fever. </p