MEMÓRIAS NA VELHICE E NARRATIVAS DE SI A PARTIR DE OBJETOS BIOGRÁFICOS

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o papel dos objetos biográficos na velhice, tendo como campo teórico-metodológico o referencial psicanalítico sobre memória, velhice e narrativas de si. Os objetos biográficos são objetos pessoais que acompanham o idoso ao longo de sua trajetória de vida, possuindo um importante valor afetivo e pessoal. Estes objetos configuram-se como testemunhas de experiências subjetivas por acompanharem os indivíduos no processo de constituição de memórias, histórias e identidades individuais e coletivas. A relação entre indivíduo e o objeto biográfico faz-se importante para o envelhecimento, pois permite conectar o idoso com a sua própria história em um momento da vida marcado por diferentes alterações físicas, psíquicas e sociais. A presente investigação caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa de campo de natureza qualitativa. Participaram deste estudo seis idosos, três homens e três mulheres, com idade superior a 60 anos, que apresentaram um ou mais objetos biográficos que fazem parte da sua história de vida. Foram utilizados como instrumentos um questionário sociodemográfico e uma entrevista semiestruturada. Os dados foram avaliados através da técnica de análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin (2016), adotando as seguintes etapas: (1) préexploração do material; (2) seleção de unidades temáticas relacionadas com o objetivo de analisar a relação entre os idosos, os objetos biográficos e suas memórias; (3) a construção de quatro categorias temáticas: objetos que compõem memórias; os objetos que marcam um tempo nas memórias; os objetos que integram memórias, e os objetos que perpetuam histórias. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam que os objetos biográficos têm a importante função de serem mediadores do tempo no resgate e perpetuação das reminiscências. Observou-se que a partir do narrar, o idoso pode integrar o passado com o presente, bem como o desejo de perpetuar histórias permeadas de saberes para gerações futuras. Este movimento permitiu a construção de narrativas que fortaleceram suas memórias e solidificaram as suas identidades pela integração de sua história. Destaca-se ainda que o processo de compor memórias possibilita ao idoso o reconhecimento de sua trajetória de vida, fato que o permite se localizar como sujeito apesar das diferentes marcas atribuídas pelo tempo, tais como mudanças físicas, sociais e vinculares presentes na velhice

Monitoring land use and plant cover on an integrated agroecological production system through GIS.

The objective of this paper is to study in detail the land use and plant cover of an Integrated Agroecological Production System (IAPS) from 2003 through 2005. Four quarterly updating visits were performed on the 26 land units of the System from January 2003 to December 2005. Cartographic documents and QuickBird satellite images were also used to generate the final index maps for agrodiversity, fallow intensity and green manure use intensity. A high diversity of crops was observed. In some land units up to 40 plant species were recorded. However, this diversity was not uniformly distributed throughout the terrain. A high intensity of land use, mostly with annuals was also observed in a large part of the area. In most cases, fallow periods were up to 3 months in 3 years. Since annual crops demand intense tillage, minimum or no tillage practices are recommended for those areas to improve soil conservation. The use of legumes was less frequent on the land units used for annual crops. They were not uniformly distributed throughout the terrain. The results of this research are useful not only for those who are interested in the system itself, but also to validate the hypothesis that through GIS it is possible to summarize complex agroecological information into a visually friendly format, allowing easy interpretation of systemic analyses

PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS DO ENVELHECIMENTO DA UNIVERSIDADE SÃO JUDAS TADEU: TRAJETÓRIA E PANORAMA ATUAL

O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Envelhecimento (PGCE), nível mestrado, foi aprovado pela CAPES em 2009 e iniciou suas atividades em 2010. É o único programa de pós-graduação de uma universidade privada com foco em Gerontologia na cidade de São Paulo. Atualmente, o PGCE está organizado em uma área de concentração denominada Ciências do Envelhecimento e em três linhas de pesquisa: (1) Aspectos educacionais, psicológicos e socioculturais do envelhecimento; (2) Doenças associadas ao envelhecimento; e (3) Saúde e funcionalidade no envelhecimento. Esta revisão narrativa apresenta a descrição dos atuais projetos de pesquisa do PGCE, conforme apresentado no relatório para avaliação de 2017 a 2020, recentemente submetido à CAPES. No período acima referido, a produção científica do PGCE correspondeu a 331 produções: 54 artigos em periódicos, 15 capítulos de livros, 36 trabalhos em anais de congressos, 91 apresentações de trabalhos em congressos e 135 produções técnicas. Ao longo de sua trajetória, algumas mudanças destacaram as características interdisciplinares do PGCE, o que pode ser evidenciado pelo aumento: na qualidade dos artigos publicados, no número de alunos matriculados, de dissertações apresentadas e de projetos de pesquisa e extensão desenvolvidos no período de 2017 a 2020, em comparação com o período de 2013 a 2016. O PGCE é um programa dinâmico que se adapta às necessidades emergentes da sociedade, integra pesquisa e extensão e, ao mesmo tempo, apresenta uma produção robusta para a comunidade científica

Uma capitania dos novos tempos: economia, sociedade e política na São Paulo restaurada (1765-1822)

O artigo reflete sobre a trajetória da Capitania de São Paulo, a partir de 1750, apontando sua transformação, de fronteira e "boca do sertão", para território estratégico da conquista e defesa das partes meridionais e área economicamente integrada aos circuitos mercantis atlânticos.In this article, we reflect upon the history of the Captaincy of São Paulo as from 1750, drawing attention to its transformation from frontier land and "door to the backcountry" into a territory of strategic value for the purposes of conquest and defense of the southern regions, and economically integrated into the Atlantic trade routes

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Atrasentan and renal events in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (SONAR): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial

Background: Short-term treatment for people with type 2 diabetes using a low dose of the selective endothelin A receptor antagonist atrasentan reduces albuminuria without causing significant sodium retention. We report the long-term effects of treatment with atrasentan on major renal outcomes. Methods: We did this double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial at 689 sites in 41 countries. We enrolled adults aged 18–85 years with type 2 diabetes, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR)25–75 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 of body surface area, and a urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR)of 300–5000 mg/g who had received maximum labelled or tolerated renin–angiotensin system inhibition for at least 4 weeks. Participants were given atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily during an enrichment period before random group assignment. Those with a UACR decrease of at least 30% with no substantial fluid retention during the enrichment period (responders)were included in the double-blind treatment period. Responders were randomly assigned to receive either atrasentan 0·75 mg orally daily or placebo. All patients and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was a composite of doubling of serum creatinine (sustained for ≥30 days)or end-stage kidney disease (eGFR <15 mL/min per 1·73 m 2 sustained for ≥90 days, chronic dialysis for ≥90 days, kidney transplantation, or death from kidney failure)in the intention-to-treat population of all responders. Safety was assessed in all patients who received at least one dose of their assigned study treatment. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01858532. Findings: Between May 17, 2013, and July 13, 2017, 11 087 patients were screened; 5117 entered the enrichment period, and 4711 completed the enrichment period. Of these, 2648 patients were responders and were randomly assigned to the atrasentan group (n=1325)or placebo group (n=1323). Median follow-up was 2·2 years (IQR 1·4–2·9). 79 (6·0%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 105 (7·9%)of 1323 in the placebo group had a primary composite renal endpoint event (hazard ratio [HR]0·65 [95% CI 0·49–0·88]; p=0·0047). Fluid retention and anaemia adverse events, which have been previously attributed to endothelin receptor antagonists, were more frequent in the atrasentan group than in the placebo group. Hospital admission for heart failure occurred in 47 (3·5%)of 1325 patients in the atrasentan group and 34 (2·6%)of 1323 patients in the placebo group (HR 1·33 [95% CI 0·85–2·07]; p=0·208). 58 (4·4%)patients in the atrasentan group and 52 (3·9%)in the placebo group died (HR 1·09 [95% CI 0·75–1·59]; p=0·65). Interpretation: Atrasentan reduced the risk of renal events in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease who were selected to optimise efficacy and safety. These data support a potential role for selective endothelin receptor antagonists in protecting renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes at high risk of developing end-stage kidney disease. Funding: AbbVie

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost