El estrés académico y la educación en aulas virtuales en estudiantes universitarios

Introduction. During student life, university students have been exposed to various changes, especially in recent years where pressure and lack of adaptation to virtual education have triggered various repercussions within their mental health, mainly related to stress, is affecting their academic performance. Virtual education has shown weaknesses such as the lack of time for the development of autonomous work, the lack of updated computers and the internet, and the weakness in the methodology and didactics on the part of teachers for the access and use of certain technological resources, platforms, or the development of jobs. These indicators, together with the reality of the COVID 19 pandemic, have significantly increased levels of stress in general and academic. Target. Analyze if the virtual academic context is generating stress in university students. Methodology. A mixed approach is applied since we seek to analyze, describe the relationship of academic stress with education in virtual classrooms, a descriptive design, a field, and bibliographic modality since the information was collected from primary sources. Results. According to the findings, the students present high levels of stress associated with the problems that arise when using virtual classrooms. Conclusion. There is a relationship between academic stress and education in virtual classrooms, which is why it is necessary to apply intervention strategies that allow the prevention and reduction of academic stress in students.Introducción. En el transcurso de la vida estudiantil, los universitarios se han visto expuestos a varios cambios, en especial en estos últimos años donde la presión y la falta de adaptación a la educación virtual han desencadenado varias repercusiones dentro de su salud mental, principalmente relacionados al estrés, este afectando su desempeño académico. La educación virtual ha evidenciado debilidades como la falta de tiempo para el desarrollo de trabajo autónomo, la carencia de computadores actualizados e internet y la debilidad en la metodología y didáctica por parte de los docentes para el acceso y uso de ciertos recursos tecnológicos, plataformas, o el desarrollo de trabajos. Estos indicadores junto a la realidad de la pandemia COVID 19, ha incrementado de manera significativa los niveles de estrés en general y académico en particular. Objetivo. Analizar si el contexto académico virtual está generando estrés en los estudiantes universitarios. Metodología. Se aplica un enfoque mixto ya que buscamos analizar, describir la relación del estrés académico con la educación en aulas virtuales, un diseño descriptivo, una modalidad de campo y bibliográfica ya que la información fue recolectada de fuentes primarias. Resultados. Según los hallazgos los estudiantes presentan altos niveles de estrés asociado a las problemáticas que se presentan al usar las aulas virtuales. Conclusión. Existe relación entre el estrés académico y la educación en aulas virtuales, por lo cual es necesario la aplicación de estrategias de intervención que permitan la prevención y disminución del estrés académico en los estudiantes

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030