Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) present in apiaries of Apis mellifera of the temperate valleys of the province of Jujuy-Argentina

La presente investigación se realizó con el propósito de determinar la presencia de diferentes especies de hormigas encolmenas de Apis mellifera L., y describir la actividad observada mediante el relevamiento de apiarios ubicados endiversas localidades de Valles templados de la provincia de Jujuy. Se colectaron manualmente entre 10-20 individuosaproximadamente de diferentes especies de hormigas en estado adulto e inmaduro presentes en techos y entretapas decolmenas de abejas melíferas, como también de hormigueros ubicados en cercanías. Se conservaron en alcohol al 70%.La colecta se realizó en época seca y época húmeda. La identificación taxonómica se realizó mediante claves establecidas.Las hormigas identificadas fueron Camponotus substitutus, Camponotus mus, Acromyrmex hispidus, Linepithemahumile, Crematogaster spp. (Subgénero Orthocrema) y Solenopsis spp. Cinco de estas especies no mostraron ser perjudicialespara las abejas, mientras que en colmenas moribundas por falta de alimento o reinas viejas se observó la intrusiónde Solenopsis sp. Se puede concluir que las especies de hormigas identificadas no generaron daños económicos alos apicultores de estas colmenas. El presente trabajo podría ser el punto de partida para estudios relativos al manejo ycontrol de hormigas presentes en colmenas de Apis mellifera L. Se debe continuar con el registro y estudio de estoshimenópteros en otras áreas apícolas.The present investigation was carried out with the purpose of determining the presence of different species of ants in hives of Apis mellifera L., and to describe the activity observed by means of the survey of apiaries located in different localities of temperate valleys of the province of Jujuy. Manually collected between 10-20 individuals of different species of ants in adult and immature state present in ceilings and interstates of honey bee hives, as well as anthills located in the vicinity. They were stored in 70% alcohol. The collection was carried out during the dry season and the wet season. The taxonomic identification was carried out using appropriate codes. The identified ants were Camponotus substitutus, Camponotus mus, Acromyrmex hispidus, Linepithema humile, Crematogaster spp. (Subgenus Orthocrema) and Solenopsis spp. Five of these species did not appear to be harmful to bees, whereas in Sole colonies due to lack of food or old queens the intrusion of Solenopsis sp. It can be concluded that the ant species identified did not generate economic damage to the beekeepers of these hives. This work could be the starting point for studies related to the management and control of ants present in hives of Apis mellifera L. It should continue with the registration and study of these hymenoptera in other apicultural areas.Fil: Ruiz, Gisela Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Benitez Ahrendtz, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentin

Diversity of ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) inside and outside hives of the western honey bee Apis mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae), Jujuy, Argentina

Ants are frequent visitors to Apis mellifera L. hives. Certain species may cause serious loss of productivity to apiculture. The objective of this study was to describe the diversity and abundance of ants both outside and inside the hives of Apis mellifera L. in Valles Templados, Jujuy province, Argentine. Ants were collected by hand and pitfall traps in the Spring and Summer season of 2016, 2017 and 2018, in apiaries found at three different localities of Valles Templados: Río Blanco, Tilquiza and Severino. Pitfall trapping resulted in 824 specimens belonging to 10 species in Severino, 208 individuals of 9 species in Tilquiza, and 289 individuals of 2 species in Río Blanco. The most common ant species found were: Pheidole sp. (56.07%), Linepithema humile (94.81%), and Solenopsis sp. (56.73%) in Severino, Rio Blanco and Tilquiza, respectively. The hand collection of ants yielded 248 individuals of 7 species collected in Severino, 35 individuals of 3 species in Tilquiza, and 294 individuals of 2 species in Río Blanco. The most common species was Linepithema humile 67.3%. The abundance figures showed significant differences among sampling sites. Several species collected by hand were the same as those collected with pitfall traps at the three localities. This study provides information about the taxonomic composition of Formicidae associated with Apis mellifera L. in Valles Templados in Jujuy. It also provides valuable information on the effect of ants on bee hives, which enables to develop control measures where necessary.Fil: Ruiz, Gisela Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Benitez Ahrendts, Marcelo Rafael. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Antifungal Activity in Propolis Extracts Obtained in Jujuy, Argentina

Propolis is a substance collected and produced by Apis mellifera from resins and buds vegetal. It has antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral and antioxidative activity. The objective of our work was evaluating in vitro activity of propolis extracts on the mycelium and spores of Aspergillus section Nigri and Penicillium chrysogenum series isolated from the cuticle of apiary-related ants. Propolis extracts from three localities in this province were used in this study. Spore germination inhibition was studied by means of immersion in propolis dilutions, whereas mycelium growth inhibition was observed by comparing fungal explants with those dilutions. Total flavonoid and phenolic contents in different extracts were evaluated. Significant differences were seen among propolis dilutions, being 0.3 and 0.03 g/mL concentrations the most effective ones. Propolis controls fungi coming from hive-related ants that may affect honey production.Fil: Retamoso, Rosa Milagro. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Ruiz, Gisela Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; ArgentinaFil: Benitez Ahrendts, Marcelo Rafael. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentin

Registro de hormigas (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) presentes en apiarios de Apis mellifera de los Valles Templados de la provincia de Jujuy-Argentina

The present investigation was carried out with the purpose of determining the presence of different species of ants inhives of Apis mellifera L., and to describe the activity observed by means of the survey of apiaries located in differentlocalities of temperate valleys of the province of Jujuy. Manually collected between 10-20 individuals of differentspecies of ants in adult and immature state present in ceilings and interstates of honey bee hives, as well as anthillslocated in the vicinity. They were stored in 70% alcohol. The collection was carried out during the dry season and thewet season. The taxonomic identification was carried out using appropriate codes. The identified ants were Camponotussubstitutus, Camponotus mus, Acromyrmex hispidus, Linepithema humile, Crematogaster spp. (Subgenus Orthocrema)and Solenopsis spp. Five of these species did not appear to be harmful to bees, whereas in Sole colonies due to lack offood or old queens the intrusion of Solenopsis sp. It can be concluded that the ant species identified did not generateeconomic damage to the beekeepers of these hives. This work could be the starting point for studies related to themanagement and control of ants present in hives of Apis mellifera L. It should continue with the registration and studyof these hymenoptera in other apicultural areas.La presente investigación se realizó con el propósito de determinar la presencia de diferentes especies de hormigas encolmenas de Apis mellifera L., y describir la actividad observada mediante el relevamiento de apiarios ubicados endiversas localidades de Valles templados de la provincia de Jujuy. Se colectaron manualmente entre 10-20 individuosaproximadamente de diferentes especies de hormigas en estado adulto e inmaduro presentes en techos y entretapas decolmenas de abejas melíferas, como también de hormigueros ubicados en cercanías. Se conservaron en alcohol al 70%.La colecta se realizó en época seca y época húmeda. La identificación taxonómica se realizó mediante claves establecidas. Las hormigas identificadas fueron Camponotus substitutus, Camponotus mus, Acromyrmex hispidus, Linepithemahumile, Crematogaster spp. (Subgénero Orthocrema) y Solenopsis spp. Cinco de estas especies no mostraron ser perjudiciales para las abejas, mientras que en colmenas moribundas por falta de alimento o reinas viejas se observó la intrusión de Solenopsis sp. Se puede concluir que las especies de hormigas identificadas no generaron daños económicos alos apicultores de estas colmenas. El presente trabajo podría ser el punto de partida para estudios relativos al manejo ycontrol de hormigas presentes en colmenas de Apis mellifera L. Se debe continuar con el registro y estudio de estoshimenópteros en otras áreas apícolas

A New application of Social Impact in Social Media for overcoming fake news in health

One of the challenges today is to face fake news (false information) in health due to its potential impact on people's lives. This article contributes to a new application of social impact in social media (SISM) methodology. This study focuses on the social impact of the research to identify what type of health information is false and what type of information is evidence of the social impact shared in social media. The analysis of social media includes Reddit, Facebook, and Twitter. This analysis contributes to identifying how interactions in these forms of social media depend on the type of information shared. The results indicate that messages focused on fake health information are mostly aggressive, those based on evidence of social impact are respectful and transformative, and finally, deliberation contexts promoted in social media overcome false information about health. These results contribute to advancing knowledge in overcoming fake health-related news shared in social media

Bacillus subtilis inhibition tests on fungus transported by invasive ants from honey bee hives

Las hormigas son visitantes comunes de las colmenas de abejas, suelen tenermicroorganismos adheridos a sus cutículas. La humedad y la estabilidad de la temperatura,las predisponen a infecciones, pudiendo diseminar los agentes patógenos en la colmena.El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto antagónico de la bacteria Bacillus subtilis frente a los hongos Aspergillus sección nigri y Penicillium serie crhysogenum aislados de las cutículas de hormigas establecidas en colmenas de Apis mellifera L. Para ello se recolectaron hormigas del interior de colmenas de un apiario de la localidad de Rio Blanco, las cuales fueron suspendidas en solución de peptona al 10%. Se sembraron alícuotas de la solución sobre agar Malta e incubaron a 27ºC durante 7 días, siendo luego enfrentadas con la bacteria. Se tomó la medición del diámetro de crecimiento de las colonias de los hongos en presencia del antagonista a los 5, 10 y 15 días de incubación. Se calculó el porcentaje de inhibición obteniendo para Aspergillus sección nigri menos del 50% y para Penicillium seriechrysogenum promedios mayores al 70%. Destacando que a partir del día 15 de incubación se observaron mayores porcentajes de inhibición de los hongos. El análisis estadístico evidenció diferencias significativas entre las muestras testigos y la de los hongos enfrentados con la bacteria Bacillus subtilis presenta actividad antifúngica frente a los hongos en estudio, controlando efectos negativos en la producción de las abejas como en las propias hormigas.Ants are common visitors to bee hives, often having microorganisms attached to their cuticles. Humidity and temperature stability predispose them to infections, being able to spread pathogens in the hive. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antagonistic effect of Bacillus subtilis bacteria against fungi Aspergillus section nigri and Penicillium series chrysogenum isolated from ants cuticles established in Apis mellifera L.hives. For this, ants species inside hives were collected from an apiary in Rio Blanco town, which were suspended in 10% peptone solution. Aliquots of the solution were sown in Malta agar and incubated at 27°C for 7 days, and then confronted with the bacteria. The measurement of the growth diameter of fungal colonies was taken in the presence of the antagonist at 5, 10 and 15 days of incubation. The inhibition percentage was calculated obtaining for Aspergillus section nigri less than 50% and for Penicillium series chrysogenum averages higher than 70%. Highlighting as of the 15th day of incubation, greater percentages of fungal inhibition were observed. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the witnesses samples witnesses and fungi faced with the Bacillus subtilis bacteria has antifungal activity in the presence of fungi under study, controlling negative effects on bees production as well as on ants themselves.Fil: Ruiz, Gisela Beatriz. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Retamoso, Rosa Milagro. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Benitez Ahrendts, Marcelo Rafael. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Salta. Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Jujuy. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

A Novel, Single Algorithm Approach to Predict Acenocoumarol Dose Based on CYP2C9 and VKORC1 Allele Variants

The identification of CYP2C9 and VKORC1 genes has strongly stimulated the research on pharmacogenetics of coumarins in the last decade. We assessed the combined influence of CYP2C9 *2 and *3, and VKORC1 c.-1639G>A, 497C>G, and 1173C>T variants, on acenocoumarol dosage using a novel algorithm approach, in 193 outpatients who had achieved stable anticoagulation. We constructed an “acenocoumarol-dose genotype score” (AGS, maximum score = 100) based on the number of alleles associated with higher acenocoumarol dosage carried by each subject for each polymorphism. The mean AGS was higher in the high-dose (>28mg/week) compared with the low-dose (<7mg/week) group (mean(SEM) of 84.1±3.4 vs. 62.2±4.8, P = 0.008). An AGS>70 was associated with an increased odds ratio (OR) of requiring high acenocoumarol dosage (OR: 3.347; 95%CI: 1.112–10.075; P = 0.032). In summary, although more research is necessary in other patient cohorts, and this algorithm should be replicated in an independent sample, our data suggest that the AGS algorithm could be used to help discriminating patients requiring high acenocoumarol doses to achieve stable anti-coagulation

Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretación.

El estudio del turismo se realiza desde múltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexión sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, así como los asuntos específicos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las políticas públicas, el papel de las universidades, las áreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es básico para la comprensión del sistema turístico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusión del libro es lo glocal, esa interacción entre lo nacional y local con lo global

Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

ience, this issue p. eaap8757 Structured Abstract INTRODUCTION Brain disorders may exhibit shared symptoms and substantial epidemiological comorbidity, inciting debate about their etiologic overlap. However, detailed study of phenotypes with different ages of onset, severity, and presentation poses a considerable challenge. Recently developed heritability methods allow us to accurately measure correlation of genome-wide common variant risk between two phenotypes from pools of different individuals and assess how connected they, or at least their genetic risks, are on the genomic level. We used genome-wide association data for 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants, as well as 17 phenotypes from a total of 1,191,588 individuals, to quantify the degree of overlap for genetic risk factors of 25 common brain disorders. RATIONALE Over the past century, the classification of brain disorders has evolved to reflect the medical and scientific communities' assessments of the presumed root causes of clinical phenomena such as behavioral change, loss of motor function, or alterations of consciousness. Directly observable phenomena (such as the presence of emboli, protein tangles, or unusual electrical activity patterns) generally define and separate neurological disorders from psychiatric disorders. Understanding the genetic underpinnings and categorical distinctions for brain disorders and related phenotypes may inform the search for their biological mechanisms. RESULTS Common variant risk for psychiatric disorders was shown to correlate significantly, especially among attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia. By contrast, neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders, except for migraine, which was significantly correlated to ADHD, MDD, and Tourette syndrome. We demonstrate that, in the general population, the personality trait neuroticism is significantly correlated with almost every psychiatric disorder and migraine. We also identify significant genetic sharing between disorders and early life cognitive measures (e.g., years of education and college attainment) in the general population, demonstrating positive correlation with several psychiatric disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa and bipolar disorder) and negative correlation with several neurological phenotypes (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke), even though the latter are considered to result from specific processes that occur later in life. Extensive simulations were also performed to inform how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity influence genetic correlations. CONCLUSION The high degree of genetic correlation among many of the psychiatric disorders adds further evidence that their current clinical boundaries do not reflect distinct underlying pathogenic processes, at least on the genetic level. This suggests a deeply interconnected nature for psychiatric disorders, in contrast to neurological disorders, and underscores the need to refine psychiatric diagnostics. Genetically informed analyses may provide important "scaffolding" to support such restructuring of psychiatric nosology, which likely requires incorporating many levels of information. By contrast, we find limited evidence for widespread common genetic risk sharing among neurological disorders or across neurological and psychiatric disorders. We show that both psychiatric and neurological disorders have robust correlations with cognitive and personality measures. Further study is needed to evaluate whether overlapping genetic contributions to psychiatric pathology may influence treatment choices. Ultimately, such developments may pave the way toward reduced heterogeneity and improved diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders

Variables psicológicas implicadas en la actitud e iniciativa emprendedora (II): personalidad, cognición y emoción

El proyecto titulado: Variables implicadas en la actitud e iniciativa emprendedora (II): personalidad, cognición y emoción, es la continuidad de otro presentado en la convocatoria anterior (2016-2017) cuyo objetivo era evaluar variables psicológicas en la actitud emprendedora de los estudiantes universitarios de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM). Este segundo proyecto ha tenido por objetivo principal ampliar la evaluación a otras facultades y áreas de conocimiento de nuestra universidad a fin de obtener el mapa y perfil de la iniciativa emprendedora del universitario UCM