La pedagogía de géneros textuales como estrategia para el desarrollo de la alfabetización inicial

Este trabajo de investigación propone una alternativa innovadora que surge del análisis de los resultados de las pruebas Saber Lenguaje del año 2014 en las Instituciones Educativas Denis Herrera de Villa, La Merced y Madre Marcelina, a través de la fusión del ciclo de andamiaje de la alfabetización inicial con el ciclo enseñanza de la lectura de Pedagogía de Géneros Textuales propuesto por investigadores de la Universidad del Norte. La metodología empleada es de corte cualitativo de tipo Investigación Acción Educativa, desde las siguientes fases: identificación y tratamiento del problema, formulación de objetivos, definición del plan de acción, implementación y ejecución de las acciones, evaluación de las acciones, reflexión critica y difusión de resultados. Los resultados obtenidos validan la Pedagogía de Géneros Textuales como una metodología eficaz para la adquisición de las habilidades de lectura y escritura en los estudiantes: conciencia fonológica, construcción de palabras, deletreo, desarrollo del vocabulario mediante el uso de nuevas palabras, conocimiento del código alfabético y lectura independiente, aportan un nuevo modelo para el fortalecimiento de dichas competencias, evidencian la apropiación de los docentes investigadores de la metodología y las estrategias inherentes a esta, generando un ambiente de participación, interacción y experiencias significativas para los estudiantes, convirtiendo el aprendizaje de la lectura y la escritura en un momento muy esperado y valorado

Conflict-Economy and Post-Conflict: Evidence for The Colombian Caribbean

Durante más de cincuenta años Colombia vivió un conflicto interno armado con guerrilla y paramilitares. Este, de acuerdo con algunos estudios, contribuyo a mermar las oportunidades de crecimiento económico. Ante la consolidación de un acuerdo de paz con el grupo gerrillero, las FARC, se han generado expectativas y temores acerca del rumbo del país en un ambiente de postconflicto, especialmente en las regiones a donde el accionar armado del conflicto las hacía mas vulnerables. Este artículo analiza el impacto del conflicto en el Caribe colombiano, relacionando los actos delictivos en función del Producto Interno Bruto [PIB] regional. También se reflexiona acerca de los problemas de institucionalidad derivados del conflicto. Se encuentra que por cada ataque realizado por la guerrilla, el PIB regional disminuye en un 0,3%; y si los ataques son ocasionados por los paramilitares este se reduce en un 0,1%. El artículo presenta una revisión de las estrategias y políticas implementadas en algunos países con acuerdos de postconflicto. Los resultados y reflexiones apuntan a la necesidad de pensar el posconflcito mas allá de la cesación del uso de las armas con una búsqueda de paz positiva a fin de asumir el nuevo riesgo implemetado en las actuales formas en que se construye los nuevos espacios civilizatorios.For more than fifty years, Colombia experienced an internal conflict armed with guerrillas and paramilitaries. This, according to some studies, contributed to reduce the opportunities for economic growth. Given the consolidation of a peace agreement with the guerrilla group, the FARC, expectations and fears have been raised about the country’s course in a post-conflict environment, especially in the regions where the armed actions of the conflict made them more vulnerable. This article analyzes the impact of the conflict in the Colombian Caribbean, relating the criminal acts in function of the regional Gross Domestic Product [GDP]. It also reflects on the problems of institutionality derived from the conflict. It is found that for each attack carried out by the guerrillas, the regional GDP decreases by 0.3%; and if the attacks are caused by the paramilitaries, this is reduced by 0.1%. The article presents a review of the strategies and policies implemented in some countries with post-conflict agreements. The results and reflections point to the need to think post-conflict beyond the cessation of the use of weapons with a search for positive peace in order to assume the new risk implemented in the current ways in which the new civilizing spaces are built

IN VIVO AND IN VITRO ANTILEISHMANIAL EFFECTS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT FROM BARK OF BURSERA APTERA

Background: Cutaneous leishmaniasis lacks effective and well-tolerated treatments. The current therapies mainly rely on antimonial drugs that are inadequate because of their poor efficacy. Traditional medicine offers a complementary alternative for the treatment of various diseases. Additionally, several plants have shown success as anti-leishmanial agents. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo activity of MEBA against Leishmania mexicana. Materials and Methods: Methanolic extract of B. aptera was obtained by macetration, after we determined in vitro antileishmanial activity of MEBA by MTT assay and the induced apoptosis in promastigotes by flow cytometry. To analyze the in vivo anti-leishmanial activity, we used infected mice that were treated and not treated with MEBA and we determined the levels of cytokines using ELISA. The phytochemical properties were determined by CG-MS and DPPH assay. Results: We determined of LC50 of 0.408 mg/mL of MEBA for in vitro anti-leishmanial activity. MEBA induced apoptosis in promastigotes (15.3% ± 0.86). Treated mice exhibited smaller lesions and contained significantly fewer parasites than did untreated mice; in addition, we found that IFN-γ and TNF-α increased in the sera of MEBA-treated mice. GC-MS analysis showed that podophyllotoxin was the most abundant compound. Evaluation of the activity by DPPH assay demonstrated an SC50 of 11.72 μg/mL. Conclusion: Based on the above data, it was concluded that MEBA is a good candidate in the search for new antileishmanial agents

Search for CP violation in D+→ϕπ+ and D+s→K0Sπ+ decays

A search for CP violation in D + → ϕπ + decays is performed using data collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 at a centre of mass energy of 7 TeV. The CP -violating asymmetry is measured to be (−0.04 ± 0.14 ± 0.14)% for candidates with K − K + mass within 20 MeV/c 2 of the ϕ meson mass. A search for a CP -violating asymmetry that varies across the ϕ mass region of the D + → K − K + π + Dalitz plot is also performed, and no evidence for CP violation is found. In addition, the CP asymmetry in the D+s→K0Sπ+ decay is measured to be (0.61 ± 0.83 ± 0.14)%

Differential branching fraction and angular analysis of the decay B0→K∗0μ+μ−

The angular distribution and differential branching fraction of the decay B 0→ K ∗0 μ + μ − are studied using a data sample, collected by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at s√=7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1. Several angular observables are measured in bins of the dimuon invariant mass squared, q 2. A first measurement of the zero-crossing point of the forward-backward asymmetry of the dimuon system is also presented. The zero-crossing point is measured to be q20=4.9±0.9GeV2/c4 , where the uncertainty is the sum of statistical and systematic uncertainties. The results are consistent with the Standard Model predictions

Model-independent search for CP violation in D0→K−K+π−π+ and D0→π−π+π+π− decays

A search for CP violation in the phase-space structures of D0 and View the MathML source decays to the final states K−K+π−π+ and π−π+π+π− is presented. The search is carried out with a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 collected in 2011 by the LHCb experiment in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV. For the K−K+π−π+ final state, the four-body phase space is divided into 32 bins, each bin with approximately 1800 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 9.1%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 6.5% observed. The phase space of the π−π+π+π− final state is partitioned into 128 bins, each bin with approximately 2500 decays. The p-value under the hypothesis of no CP violation is 41%, and in no bin is a CP asymmetry greater than 5.5% observed. All results are consistent with the hypothesis of no CP violation at the current sensitivity

Observation of two new Ξb−\Xi_b^- baryon resonances

Two structures are observed close to the kinematic threshold in the $\Xi_b^0 \pi^-$ mass spectrum in a sample of proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb$^{-1}$ recorded by the LHCb experiment. In the quark model, two baryonic resonances with quark content $bds$ are expected in this mass region: the spin-parity $J^P = \frac{1}{2}^+$ and $J^P=\frac{3}{2}^+$ states, denoted $\Xi_b^{\prime -}$ and $\Xi_b^{*-}$. Interpreting the structures as these resonances, we measure the mass differences and the width of the heavier state to be $m(\Xi_b^{\prime -}) - m(\Xi_b^0) - m(\pi^{-}) = 3.653 \pm 0.018 \pm 0.006$ MeV$/c^2$, $m(\Xi_b^{*-}) - m(\Xi_b^0) - m(\pi^{-}) = 23.96 \pm 0.12 \pm 0.06$ MeV$/c^2$, $\Gamma(\Xi_b^{*-}) = 1.65 \pm 0.31 \pm 0.10$ MeV, where the first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. The width of the lighter state is consistent with zero, and we place an upper limit of $\Gamma(\Xi_b^{\prime -}) < 0.08$ MeV at 95% confidence level. Relative production rates of these states are also reported.Comment: 17 pages, 2 figure

Search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓

A search for the lepton-flavor-violating decays Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ is performed with a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0  fb-1 of pp collisions at √s=7  TeV, collected by the LHCb experiment. The observed number of Bs0→e±μ∓ and B0→e±μ∓ candidates is consistent with background expectations. Upper limits on the branching fractions of both decays are determined to be B(Bs0→e±μ∓)101  TeV/c2 and MLQ(B0→e±μ∓)>126  TeV/c2 at 95% C.L., and are a factor of 2 higher than the previous bounds

Measurement of the relative rate of prompt χc0, χc1 and χc2 production at √s=7TeV

Prompt production of charmonium χc0, χc1 and χc2 mesons is studied using proton-proton collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of √s=7TeV. The χc mesons are identified through their decay to J/ψγ, with J/ψ→μ+mu− using photons that converted in the detector. A data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0fb−1 collected by the LHCb detector, is used to measure the relative prompt production rate of χc1 and χc2 in the rapidity range 2.0<y<4.5 as a function of the J/ψ transverse momentum from 3 to 20 GeV/c. First evidence for χc0 meson production at a hadron collider is also presented

Observation of the decay Bc→J/ψK+K−π+B_c \rightarrow J/\psi K^+ K^- \pi^+

The decay $B_c\rightarrow J/\psi K^+ K^- \pi^+$ is observed for the first time, using proton-proton collisions collected with the LHCb detector corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3fb$^{-1}$. A signal yield of $78\pm14$ decays is reported with a significance of 6.2 standard deviations. The ratio of the branching fraction of \B_c \rightarrow J/\psi K^+ K^- \pi^+ decays to that of $B_c \rightarrow J/\psi \pi^+$ decays is measured to be $0.53\pm 0.10\pm0.05$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.Comment: 18 pages, 2 figure