circulation, échanges et mondialisation

UID/HIS/04666/2013 SFRH/BPD/76288/2011Looking at the recent publications on the textiles field, it’s quite common to find the word global, variously associated with this ambit. The necessity of reframing the textiles studies within a global dimension and worldwide systems seems to follow not only the more general tendency of the present critical thought to adopt exactly a global and transcultural perspective, but seems to be dictated by the peculiar nature of the textile medium. Historically and particularly since the Early Modern Age, in fact, the textiles could be regarded as the global medium par excellence. In the Early Modern period global was first at all the system of production: from the supply of the raw materials to the development of technical skills, without considering the genesis of the patterns, nearly each local manufacture was to be read within a wider scenario, made of contacts, migrations and exchanges with other realities and charged with manifold reciprocal interdependences. At the same time, global was the dimension of the textiles trades. Although since the Pre-modern world different actors were involved in intercultural and supranational relationships and some fabric productions conceived for export were already traceable, from the beginning of the Modern Age the exchanges’ net achieved progressively a real integrated worldwide scale, which in turn orientated manufactures and consumptions. Besides we can consider as global the diffusion of some cultural phenomena related to the textiles’ world, to their wide circulation and their forms of use, such as the tendency to invest them with particular semantic contents and to adopt them in specific social practices, or the rise of the fashion and the taste for the exotic and what is other from itself. Playing on words, even the textiles as an inquiry field could be regarded as global: their perspectives of research are in fact manifold and tangled, including economical, artistic, technological, political, social and cultural questions, so that an interdisciplinary approach could be often the best methodological key to understand them; through the textile medium it becomes also possible to explore more articulated human phenomena.publishersversionpublishe

Colorectal Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy

IMPORTANCE Delays in screening programs and the reluctance of patients to seek medical attention because of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 could be associated with the risk of more advanced colorectal cancers at diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was associated with more advanced oncologic stage and change in clinical presentation for patients with colorectal cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included all 17 938 adult patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer from March 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021 (pandemic period), and from January 1, 2018, to February 29, 2020 (prepandemic period), in 81 participating centers in Italy, including tertiary centers and community hospitals. Follow-up was 30 days from surgery. EXPOSURES Any type of surgical procedure for colorectal cancer, including explorative surgery, palliative procedures, and atypical or segmental resections. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was advanced stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis. Secondary outcomes were distant metastasis, T4 stage, aggressive biology (defined as cancer with at least 1 of the following characteristics: signet ring cells, mucinous tumor, budding, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymphangitis), stenotic lesion, emergency surgery, and palliative surgery. The independent association between the pandemic period and the outcomes was assessed using multivariate random-effects logistic regression, with hospital as the cluster variable. RESULTS A total of 17 938 patients (10 007 men [55.8%]; mean [SD] age, 70.6 [12.2] years) underwent surgery for colorectal cancer: 7796 (43.5%) during the pandemic period and 10 142 (56.5%) during the prepandemic period. Logistic regression indicated that the pandemic period was significantly associated with an increased rate of advanced-stage colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95%CI, 1.01-1.13; P = .03), aggressive biology (OR, 1.32; 95%CI, 1.15-1.53; P < .001), and stenotic lesions (OR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.01-1.31; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study suggests a significant association between the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the risk of a more advanced oncologic stage at diagnosis among patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer and might indicate a potential reduction of survival for these patients

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements