Étude d'un bioréacteur anaérobie à membranes immergées pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires

Un bioréacteur anaérobie à membranes a été étudié comme alternative technologique pour le traitement des eaux résiduaires. L'originalité de ce travail réside dans l'utilisation simultanée d'une biomasse de type granulaire et d'un système de membranes immergées. Le procédé a été étudié en continu pendant 300 jours sous conditions psychrophiles (20°c). Une caractérisation des conditions hydrauliques et de la répartition des particules dans le bioréacteur a été réalisée. Après 300 jours de travail, aucune diminution de la taille des granules microbiens et aucune perte d'activité méthanogène n'ont été observées, ceci démontrant l'intérêt d'un système de rétention immergé par rapport aux filtrations externes tangentielles. Un rendement d'élimination de la matière organique entre 86 et 90% ont été obtenues. La filtration membranaire a contribué significativement à cette élimination, surtout durant les périodes instables de fonctionnement du procédé biologique. Le rôle fondamental joué par les réactions biologiques dans le colmatage de la membrane a été démontré. Les produits microbiens solubles ont été identifiés parmi les molécules responsables d'une partie du colmatage par adsorption de la membrane. Enfin, la concentration en acides gras volatils, indiquant l'accumulation d'intermédiaires réactionnels et la libération de matières en suspensions, est apparu comme un indicateur du potentiel de colmatage. - An anaerobic membrane bioreactor with membranes separation was studied as technological alternative for wastewater treatment. For the first time, anaerobic granular biomass was coupled with an immersed membrane system. The process was studied during 300 days at psychrophilic conditions (20°c). Hydraulic and particle characterization and were realized. At the end of operation the size and the methanogenic activity of anaerobic granules were maintained, showing the interest of immersed membrane system. Organic matter removal rate between 86% and 90% were obtained. The membrane filtration had a significant contribution on the organic matter removal, especially during the periods of biological instability. A very important effect of biological process on membrane fouling was observed. Soluble microbial products were showed as substances involved in the membrane fouling by adsorption. Finally, the transient accumulation of volatile fatty acids, indicating microbial products and suspended solids release, was suggested as a potential fouling index for the anaerobic process coupled at membrane

Activated char produced from chontaduro seeds: a new potential precursor

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Study of possibility to foresee the activated chars properties knowing the intrinsic characteristics of raw biomass

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Uso de bioindicadores para la evaluación de la calidad del agua en ríos: aplicación en ríos tropicales de alta montaña / Revisión corta

Este artículo presenta una revisión acerca del uso de bioindicadores para la evaluación de la calidad del agua en ríos. El objetivo es presentar investigaciones relacionadas con el biomonitoreo y el uso de distintos organismos como indicadores biológicos. Se incluyen casos de estudio de perifiton, macrófitas, macroinvertebrados bénticos y peces en distintos países. Adicionalmente se brinda una introducción al uso de distintos índices bióticos, de diversidad, biológicos (BMWP) y enfoques multivariados y funcionales. Para finalmente mostrar la aplicación de estos sistemas de monitoreo y análisis en ríos tropicales de alta montaña

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Measurement of nuclear modification factors of gamma(1S)), gamma(2S), and gamma(3S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The cross sections for ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) production in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV have been measured using the CMS detector at the LHC. The nuclear modification factors, RAA, derived from the PbPb-to-pp ratio of yields for each state, are studied as functions of meson rapidity and transverse momentum, as well as PbPb collision centrality. The yields of all three states are found to be significantly suppressed, and compatible with a sequential ordering of the suppression, RAA(ϒ(1S)) > RAA(ϒ(2S)) > RAA(ϒ(3S)). The suppression of ϒ(1S) is larger than that seen at √sNN = 2.76 TeV, although the two are compatible within uncertainties. The upper limit on the RAA of ϒ(3S) integrated over pT, rapidity and centrality is 0.096 at 95% confidence level, which is the strongest suppression observed for a quarkonium state in heavy ion collisions to date. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3.Peer reviewe

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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Electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions root s =13 TeV

A measurement of the electroweak (EW) production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented, based on data recorded in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement is performed in the lljj final state with l including electrons and muons, and the jets j corresponding to the quarks produced in the hard interaction. The measured cross section in a kinematic region defined by invariant masses m(ll) > 50 GeV, m(jj) > 120 GeV, and transverse momenta P-Tj > 25 GeV is sigma(EW) (lljj) = 534 +/- 20 (stat) fb (syst) fb, in agreement with leading-order standard model predictions. The final state is also used to perform a search for anomalous trilinear gauge couplings. No evidence is found and limits on anomalous trilinear gauge couplings associated with dimension-six operators are given in the framework of an effective field theory. The corresponding 95% confidence level intervals are -2.6 <cwww/Lambda(2) <2.6 TeV-2 and -8.4 <cw/Lambda(2) <10.1 TeV-2. The additional jet activity of events in a signal-enriched region is also studied, and the measurements are in agreement with predictions.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the Splitting Function in &ITpp &ITand Pb-Pb Collisions at root&ITsNN&IT=5.02 TeV

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.Peer reviewe