Variables socio afectivas y la eficacia en la labor docente

It is evident that there is a high rate of discomfort in the teaching profession. Different types of variables (individual, social and organizational) influence teachers, causing them to face many situations with high uncertainty. The consequences are chronic work stress, burnout syndrome, and burnout and mobbing. Maslach and Jackson (1981) establish criteria for the evaluation of this syndrome. In 1996 the MBI-GS Scale was built by Schaufeli, Leiter, Maslach and Jackson to measure burnout in all types of work regardless of the tasks performed in it. It was adapted to the Spanish version by Salanova, Schaufeli, Llorens, Grau and Peiró, in the year 2000. The MBI-GS consists of three dimensions: exhaustion, cynicism and professional efficiency.On the other hand, in the last years many studies are using the theoretical framework of the Mental Molds, as an explanatory factor of the human behavior in different areas. This theory allows to evaluate in an operative way the different ways of understanding the world and the life, and with high predictive validity, being able to predict the adaptation or the subjective well-being, the success or the failure of the general schooling, the mathematics or the chess In greater proportion than CI or other indicator (Hernández, 2005, Hernández-Guanir and Rodríguez-Mateo, 2006).This study aims to explore those socio-affective variables that may be related to the factors that define the wearer’s syndrome. It starts with the idea that in order to be an effective teacher it is necessary that the individual has a series of mental molds that support him in his daily professional work.To this end, this study was carried out in a secondary school with a sample of 40 teachers who have been evaluated with the help of two instruments: the MBI-GS and the Test of CognitiveEmotional Strategies MOLDS (Hernández-Guanir, 2010). The results support the initial hypotheses that mark a positive correlation between the socio-affective variables of teachers and their effectiveness as teachers. Several linear regressions have also been performed, the results of which show that it is possible to obtain exploratory predictive models of two dimensions of the MBI-GS (cynicism and efficacy) through the most significant models that the model gives, confirming the predictive validity Of the theory of Mental Molds.Es evidente que existe un alto índice de malestar en la profesión docente. Diferentes tipos de variables (individuales, sociales y organizacionales) influyen en el profesorado haciendo que éste se tenga que enfrentar a muchas situaciones con alta incertidumbre. Las consecuencias son el estrés laboral crónico, el síndrome de desgaste profesional, o burnout y el mobbing.Maslach y Jackson (1981) establecen unos criterios de evaluación de dicho síndrome. En el año 1996 se construyó la Escala MBI-GS por Schaufeli, Leiter, Maslach y Jackson para medir burnout en todo tipo de trabajos independientemente de las tareas que en él se realicen. Fue adaptada a la versión española por Salanova, Schaufeli, Llorens, Grau y Peiró, en el año 2000. El MBI-GS se compone por tres dimensiones: agotamiento, cinismo y eficacia profesional.Por otro lado, en los últimos años son muchos los estudios que están utilizando el marco teórico de los Moldes Mentales,  como factor explicativo de la conducta humana en distintos ámbitos. Esta teoría permite evaluar de forma operativa las distintas formas de entender el mundo y la vida, y con alta validez predictiva, siendo capaz de predecir la adaptación o el bienestar subjetivo, el éxito o el fracaso de la escolaridad general, las matemáticas o el ajedrez en mayor proporción que el CI u otro indicador (Hernández, 2005; Hernández-Guanir y Rodríguez-Mateo, 2006).Este estudio tiene como finalidad explorar aquellas variables socio afectivas que pueden estar relacionadas con los factores que definen el síndrome de desgaste profesional. Se parte con la idea de que para ser un docente eficaz es necesario que el individuo cuente con una serie de moldes mentales que lo sustenten en su labor profesional diaria.Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo este estudio en un centro educativo de secundaria, con una muestra de 40 docentes a los que se les ha valorado con la ayuda de dos instrumentos: el MBI-GS y el Test de Estrategias Cognitivo-emocionales MOLDES (Hernández-Guanir, 2010). Los resultados apoyan las hipótesis iniciales que marcan una correlación positiva entre las variables socio afectivas del profesorado y su eficacia como docentes. También se han realizado diversas regresiones lineales múltiples cuyos resultados muestran que es posible obtener modelos predictivos exploratorios de dos de las dimensiones del MBI-GS (cinismo y eficacia) a través de los moldes más significativos que arroja el modelo, lo que confirma la validez predictiva de la teoría de los Moldes Mentales

Modelo de inestabilidad familiar en la ruptura de pareja

It is known that the breakup of couples is related to family instability. From this general assumption, the work presented has several objectives: first, to check the different degrees of association or correlation between family variables such as family stress, family communication, family resources in relation to satisfaction and marital instability. Second, design a structural model through the confirmation of the relationships between the variables.Olson's MASH model has been taken as a starting point, which in the context of crisis theory states that family stress affects family satisfaction with mediating variables such as family functioning, family resources and family communication, and the cascade model of Gottman that predicts, after laboratory studies, that family instability is reached, and, therefore, divorce, in a cascade process from one stage to another by different variables. The unification of both models would give a different view to current studies on the relationship between marital satisfaction and marital instability. The results establish the theoretical relationships proposed through a confirmatory structural model.We consider that it is of great interest for the mediation professionals, in order to improve their performance and intervention in mediation processes and thus achieve greater effectiveness in their objectives.Se conoce que la ruptura de parejas está relacionada con la inestabilidad familiar. Desde este supuesto general, el trabajo que se presenta tiene varios objetivos: en primer lugar, comprobar los distintos grados de asociación o correlación existentes entre variables familiares tales como el estrés familiar, la comunicación familiar, los recursos familiares en relación con la satisfacción y la inestabilidad marital. En segundo lugar, diseñar un modelo estructural a través de la confirmación de las relaciones entre las variables.Se han tomado como punto de partida el modelo MASH de Olson, que en el marco de la teoría de la crisis plantea que el estrés familiar afecta a la satisfacción familiar con variables mediadoras como el funcionamiento familiar, los recursos familiares y la comunicación familiar, y el modelo en cascada de Gottman que predice, tras sus estudios de laboratorio, que se llega a la inestabilidad familiar, y, por tanto, al divorcio, en un proceso en cascada de unos estadios a otros por diferentes variables. La unificación de ambos modelos daría una visión diferente a los estudios actuales sobre las relaciones entre satisfacción marital e inestabilidad marital. Los resultados establecen las relaciones teóricas planteadas a través de modelo estructural confirmatorio.Consideramos que es de gran interés para los y las profesionales de la mediación, con la finalidad mejorar su actuación e intervención en los procesos de mediación y así conseguir una mayor eficacia en sus objetivos.

Variables socioemocionales y bienestar psicológico en personas mayores

The study of well-being is especially interesting in the case of the elderly, located at a vital time when limiting life in a quantitative sense is more evident, in which the disease and disorders are more likely to increase, and in which the quality of life years left to live and their promotion is essential (Satorres, 2013). The psychological well-being is a broad concept that includes social dimensions, subjective and psychological as well as behaviors related to health in general, that lead people to work in a positive way. The term happiness is too ambitious; however the individual subjective well-being (BIS) allows to measure the degree of happiness or satisfaction that, in general terms, predominates in each according to his own point of view. On the other hand, the constructive thought, in their different scales and facets, are in reality variables socio emotional functions which enables us to face the world and reality. The research group of the ULPGC INDEPSI has conducted an investigation to relate these two constructs (constructive thought and subjective wellbeing individual) in a group with ages between 57 and 87 years (n=96) who receive university studies for older, using for this purpose the inventory of constructive thought emotional (Epstein, 2012) and the questionnaire BIS-HERNAN (Hernández, 1996 and 2000) that measure different aspects of happiness. The results indicate that the factors that attaches the happiness and unhappiness are of a different nature; that there are significant differences (p smaller than 0.05) between the valuation of the past and future happiness in comparison with the present and that having a good emotional coping and little suspicion are significant predictors of happiness.El estudio del bienestar  es especialmente interesante en el caso de las personas mayores, situadas en un momento vital en el que la limitación de la vida en un sentido cuantitativo es más evidente, en el que la enfermedad y  las disfunciones tienen más probabilidad de aumento, y en el que la calidad de los años de vida que quedan por vivir y su promoción es fundamental (Satorres, 2013). El bienestar psicológico es un concepto amplio que incluye dimensiones sociales, subjetivas y psicológicas, así como comportamientos relacionados con la salud en general, que llevan a las personas a funcionar de un modo positivo. El término felicidad es demasiado ambicioso; sin embargo el Bienestar Subjetivo Individual (BIS) permite medir el grado de felicidad o de satisfacción que, en términos generales, predomina en cada uno según su propio punto de vista. Por otro lado, el pensamiento constructivo, en sus distintas escalas y facetas, son en realidad variables socioemocionales que nos permite afrontar el mundo y la realidad. El grupo de investigación INDEPSI de la ULPGC ha realizado un estudio para relacionar estos dos constructos (pensamiento constructivo y bienestar subjetivo individual) en  un grupo con edades comprendidas entre los 57 y 87 años, (n=96)  que reciben estudios universitarios para mayores, usando para ello el Inventario de Pensamiento Constructivo Emocional (Epstein, 2012) y el cuestionario BIS-HERNAN (Hernández, 1996 y 2000) que mide distintos aspectos de la felicidad. Los resultados  nos indican que los factores por los que se atribuye la felicidad y la infelicidad son de distinta naturaleza; que existen diferencias significativas (p menor que 0.05) entre la valoración de la felicidad pasada y futura en comparación con la actual,  y que tener un buen afrontamiento emocional y poca suspicacia son predictores significativos de la felicidad

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

An embedding technique to determine ττ backgrounds in proton-proton collision data

An embedding technique is presented to estimate standard model tau tau backgrounds from data with minimal simulation input. In the data, the muons are removed from reconstructed mu mu events and replaced with simulated tau leptons with the same kinematic properties. In this way, a set of hybrid events is obtained that does not rely on simulation except for the decay of the tau leptons. The challenges in describing the underlying event or the production of associated jets in the simulation are avoided. The technique described in this paper was developed for CMS. Its validation and the inherent uncertainties are also discussed. The demonstration of the performance of the technique is based on a sample of proton-proton collisions collected by CMS in 2017 at root s = 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 41.5 fb(-1).Peer reviewe

Measurement of t(t)over-bar normalised multi-differential cross sections in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV, and simultaneous determination of the strong coupling strength, top quark pole mass, and parton distribution functions

Peer reviewe

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at s\sqrt s = 13 TeV

Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s}$ = 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions.[graphic not available: see fulltext]Bose-Einstein correlations of charged hadrons are measured over a broad multiplicity range, from a few particles up to about 250 reconstructed charged hadrons in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 13 TeV. The results are based on data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC during runs with a special low-pileup configuration. Three analysis techniques with different degrees of dependence on simulations are used to remove the non-Bose-Einstein background from the correlation functions. All three methods give consistent results. The measured lengths of homogeneity are studied as functions of particle multiplicity as well as average pair transverse momentum and mass. The results are compared with data from both CMS and ATLAS at $\sqrt{s} =$ 7 TeV, as well as with theoretical predictions

Measurement of b jet shapes in proton-proton collisions at root s=5.02 TeV

We present the first study of charged-hadron production associated with jets originating from b quarks in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The data sample used in this study was collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb(-1). To characterize the jet substructure, the differential jet shapes, defined as the normalized transverse momentum distribution of charged hadrons as a function of angular distance from the jet axis, are measured for b jets. In addition to the jet shapes, the per-jet yields of charged particles associated with b jets are also quantified, again as a function of the angular distance with respect to the jet axis. Extracted jet shape and particle yield distributions for b jets are compared with results for inclusive jets, as well as with the predictions from the pythia and herwig++ event generators.Peer reviewe

Search for dark matter in events with a leptoquark and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

A search is presented for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s= 13 TeV using events with at least one high transverse momentum (p(T)) muon, at least one high-p(T) jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016 and 2017, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb(-1). In the examined scenario, a pair of scalar leptoquarks is assumed to be produced. One leptoquark decays to a muon and a jet while the other decays to dark matter and low-p(T) standard model particles. The signature for signal events would be significant missing transverse momentum from the dark matter in conjunction with a peak at the leptoquark mass in the invariant mass distribution of the highest p(T) muon and jet. The data are observed to be consistent with the background predicted by the standard model. For the first benchmark scenario considered, dark matter masses up to 500 GeV are excluded for leptoquark masses m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV, and up to 300 GeV for m(LQ) approximate to 1500 GeV. For the second benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to 600 GeV are excluded for m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The second-order Fourier coefficients (v(2)) characterizing the azimuthal distributions of Y(1S) and Y(2S) mesons produced in PbPb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV are studied. The Y mesons are reconstructed in their dimuon decay channel, as measured by the CMS detector. The collected data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.7 nb(-1). The scalar product method is used to extract the v2 coefficients of the azimuthal distributions. Results are reported for the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar < 2.4, in the transverse momentum interval 0 < pT < 50 GeV/c, and in three centrality ranges of 10-30%, 30-50% and 50-90%. In contrast to the J/psi mesons, the measured v(2) values for the Y mesons are found to be consistent with zero. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe