Promene mekotkivnog profila primenom funkcionalnih aparata u lečenju skeletnih promena II klase

Introduction The effects of orthodontic treatment are considered to be successful if the facial harmony is achieved, while the structures of soft tissue profile are in harmony with skeletal structures of neurocranium and viscerocranium. In patients with skeletal distal bite caused by mandibular retrognathism, facial esthetics is disturbed often, in terms of pronounced convexity of the profile and change in the position and relationship of the lips. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the extent of soft tissue profile changes in patients with skeletal Class II malocclusion treated with three different orthodontic appliances: Frankel functional regulator type I (FR-I), Balters' Bionator type I and Hotz appliance. Methods The study included 60 patients diagnosed with skeletal Class II malocclusion caused by mandibular retrognathism, in the period of early mixed dentition. Each subgroup of 20 patients was treated with a variety of orthodontic appliances. On the lateral cephalogram, before and after treatment, the following parameters were analyzed: T angle, H angle, the height of the upper lip, the position of the upper and lower lip in relation to the esthetic line. Within the statistical analysis the mean, maximum, minimum, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, two-factor analysis of variance with repeated measures and the factor analysis of variance were calculated using ANOVA, Bonferroni test and Student's t-test. Results A significant decrease of angles T and H was noticed in the application of FR-I, from 21.60° to 17.15°, and from 16.45° to 13.40° (p lt 0.001). FR-I decreased the height of the upper lip from 26.15 mm to 25.85 mm, while Hotz appliance and Balters' Bionator type I increased the height of the upper lip, thereby deteriorating esthetics of the patient. Conclusion All used orthodontic appliances lead to changes in soft tissue profile in terms of improving facial esthetics, with the most distinctive changes in the application of Frankel's functional regulator type I, which is the most successful appliance for achieving the overall facial harmony of the patient.Uvod Da bi se učinak ortodontskog lečenja mogao smatrati uspešnim, neophodno je postići facijalnu harmoniju, pri čemu su strukture mekotkivnog profila u harmoniji sa skeletnim strukturama neurokranijuma i viscerokranijuma. Kod osoba sa skeletno-distalnim zagrižajem izazvanim mandibularnim retrognatizmom često je narušena facijalna estetika u vidu izraženog konveksiteta profila i promene u položaju i međusobnom odnosu usana. Cilj rada Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je da se utvrdi obim promena na strukturama mekotkivnog profila kod osoba sa skeletno-distalnim zagrižajem lečenim pomoću tri različita ortodontska aparata: Frenkelovog (Frankel) regulatora Funkcije tip I (FR-I), bionatora po Baltersu (Balters) tip I i Hocovog (Hotz) aparata. Metode rada Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno 60 pacijenata sa dijagnozom skeletno-distalnog zagrižaja izazvanog mandibularnim retrognatizmom u periodu rane mešovite denticije. Svaka podgrupa od po 20 ispitanika lečena je različitim ortodontskim aparatima. Na profilnom telerendgenskom snimku pre i posle lečenja analizirani su sledeći parametri: ugao T, ugao H, visina gornje usne i položaj gornje i donje usne u odnosu na estetsku liniju. U okviru statističke analize izračunati su srednja, najveća i najmanja vrednost, standardna devijacija i koeficijent varijacije, urađene dvofaktorska analiza varijanse s ponovljenim merenjima i jednofaktorska analiza varijanse uz primenu testa ANOVA, Bonferonijevog (Bonferroni) testa i Studentovog t-testa. Rezultati Došlo je do značajnog smanjenja vrednosti uglova T i H pri primeni FR-I sa 21,60° na 17,15°, odnosno sa 16,45° na 13,40°, sa statističkom značajnošću na nivou p lt 0,001. Primenom FR-I smanjena je visina gornje usne sa 26,15 mm na 25,85 mm, dok se primenom Hocovog aparata i bionatora po Baltersu tip I povećala, čime se pogoršao estetski izgled pacijenta. Zaključak Svi korišćeni ortodontski aparati dovode do promena na mekotkivnom profilu u vidu poboljšanja facijalne estetike, pri čemu su promene najizrazitije pri korišćenju Frenkelovog regulatora Funkcije tip I, koji najuspešnije deluje na postizanje ukupne harmonije lica pacijenta

Terapijski efekti tri vrste funkcionalnih aparata u lečenju malokluzija II skeletne klase - sagitalne i vertikalne promene

Introduction/Objective Class II malocclusions are sagittal malocclusions characterized by a distal relationship of posterior teeth. Depending on the underlying problem, Class II malocclusions can be skeletal or dentoalveolar. Class II malocclusion treatment modality will depend on the cause, severity, and age. Growth modification is the best treatment option in growing patients with skeletal Class II malocclusions. The aim of this study was to establish and compare sagittal and vertical skeletal and dental changes in patients treated with the 'M block' appliance, the Frankel functional regulator, and the Balters' bionator. Methods The sample consisted of 70 patients diagnosed with skeletal Class II malocclusions (ANB > 4°) and mandibular retrognathism (SNB lt 80°). The patients were divided into three groups according to the type of appliance. All the patients went through the standard diagnostic procedure (anamnesis, clinical and functional analysis, study model, panoramic radiograph, and cephalometric analysis), and dental and skeletal age was determined. Treatment effects were analyzed on study models and cephalograms at the end of treatment. Results All the appliances led to significant mandibular anterior movement and sagittal growth, which reduced the ANB values. All three groups of patients presented with neutral growth pattern, upper incisor retrusion, and lower incisor protrusion at the end of treatment. Conclusion The results of this study indicate efficacy of all three appliances in skeletal Class II malocclusion treatment.Uvod/Cilj rada Malokluzije II klase su sagitalne nepravilnosti zagrižaja koje karakteriše distalni odnos bočnih zuba. U zavisnosti od toga koje strukture su u nepravilnom odnosu, dele se na skeletne i dentoalveolarne. Terapija II klase zavisi od uzroka, izraženosti i uzrasta. Najbolji vid terapije ukoliko pacijenti i dalje rastu je modifikacija rasta. Cilj ove studije bio je da se utvrde i uporede sagitalne i vertikalne promene na skeletnim i dentalnim strukturama u toku lečenja M blok-aparatom, Frenklovim regulatorom funkcije tip I i bionatorom po Baltersu tip I. Metode Sedamdeset ispitanika sa dijagnozom skeletnog distalnog zagrižaja (ANB > 4°) i mandibularnog retrognatizma (SNB lt 80°), prema vrsti aparata, podeljeni su u tri grupe. Svi su prošli kroz standardnu dijagnostiku (anamneza, klinička i funkcionalna analiza, analiza studijskih modela, ortopantomografskog i profilnog telerendgenskog snimka). Terapijski efekti i promene analizirani su na studijskim modelima i profilnom snimcima po završetku terapije. Rezultati Sva tri aparata dovela su do značajnog mezijalnog usmeravanja i sagitalnog rasta mandibule, što je smanjilo ANB ugao. U sve tri grupe je utvrđen neutralni rast, kao i retruzija gornjih i protruzija donjih sekutića. Zaključak Rezultati studije ukazuju na efikasnost sva tri ispitivana aparata u lečenju skeletnih malokluzija II klase

Uticaj masti u obroku na masne kiseline u serumskim fosfolipidima i gojaznost životinja

Dietary fat and its relation to obesity has been a controversial issue for many years. Experimental data shows that most, though not all animals, which consume a high fat diet, will become obese. However, the effect of fatty acids on animal obesity has not been studied in detail. In order to evaluate the effects of low versus high fat diet on serum phospholipids fatty acids composition a 4-wk study was conducted on male Wister rats. The rats were fed low-fat (10% energy) and high-fat (46% energy) foods containing constant proportions of fatty acids. Control group C was fed a standard laboratory diet (polyunsaturated/ saturated (P/S) fatty ratio 1.3), group M was fed a standard laboratory diet supplemented with margarine (P/S ratio 0.95), and the diet of the SL group was additionally supplemented with a sunflower oil-lard (1:1) mixture (P/S ratio 1.3). All lipid supplemented hyperenergetic diets caused an increase in the average daily energy intake. Both the final and the daily body weight gain were significantly higher in M and SL groups than in group C. Additionally, serum triglyceride levels, LDL-cholesterol and total cholesterol were also significantly higher in M and SL groups when compared to the control group. Serum phospholipids fatty acids varied in response to total dietary fat. A significant decrease in saturated fatty acids (SFA) content (16:0 and 18:0) and an increase in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content (18:1, n-9) was found in the M group when compared to both C and SL groups. In the SL group, SFA content (18:0) was higher and MUFA content (18:1, n-9) was lower than in group C. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content showed an increase in both experimental groups. The PUFA/SFA ratio was higher in the M group than in the C and SL groups. Our study suggests that the amount of dietary fat has a greater influence on obesity than the effects of the type of fat consumed. However, depending on the type of fat present in the diet the differences were observed in the composition of serum PL fatty acid suggesting that both total fat and individual fatty acids have to be considered when reaching conclusions about the effect of dietary fat and obesity in animals.Uticaj masnih kiselina u ishrani i njihov efekat na pojavu gojaznosti kod životinja je kontraverzno pitanje već dugi niz godina. Uticaj pojedinačnih masnih kiselina na pojavu gojaznosti kod životinja nije do sada detaljnije proučavan. Sa ciljem da se ispita efekat dijeta sa niskim ili visokim sadržajem masti na pojavu gojaznosti, izvršena su istraživanja na Wister pacovima u trajanju od 4 nedelje. Pacovi su hranjeni eksperimentalnim dijetama koje su sadržale standardan, nizak (10%) ili visok (46%) energetski unos poreklom od masti. Grupa kontrolnih životinja (C) je hranjena standardnom laboratorijskom dijetom (odnos polizasićenih/ zasićenih masnih kiselina/PUFA, P/S 1.3), grupa M sa standardnom dijetom sa dodatkom margarina (P/S 0.95) i grupa SL sa dijetom kojoj je dodata mešavina 1:1 suncokretovog ulja i masti (odnos P/S 1.3). Obe dijete (M i SL) su uzrokovale povećanje u prosečnom dnevnom energetskom unosu. U grupi M i SL, registrovano je značajno povećanje u telesnoj težini kontinuirano tokom eksperimenta. Nivo serumskih triglicerida, LDL kao i ukupnog holesterola su bili značajnije povećani u M i SL grupi u poređenju sa kontrolom. Promene u profilu serumskih masnih kiselina fosfolipida su zavisile od sastava masti u eksperimentalnoj dijeti. Kod eksperimentalnih životinja grupe M primećeno je značajno smanjene serumskih zasićenih masnih kiselina (SFA, 16:0 i 18:0) kao i porast monozasićenih masnih kiselina (MUFA, 18:1, n-9) u poređenju sa SL i C grupom. Odnos PUFA/ SFA je bio veći u M u odnosu na SL i C grupu. Rezultati naših istraživanja ukazuju da količina masti u ishrani životinja ima veći uticaj na porast telesne mase nego vrsta prisutne masnoće. Promene u sastavu serumskih masnih kiselina fosfolipida u odnosu na tip masti u eksperimentalnim dijetama ukazuju na ulogu pojedinačnih masnih kiselina u procesu nastajanja gojaznosti kod životinja i te mehanizme treba dalje istraživati

Genes and celiac disease

Celijakija je bolest poremećenog imunosnog odgovora potaknutog glutenom koja se javlja u genetički predisponiranih osoba. Svrha ovog rada je prikazati dosadašnje spoznaje iz genetike celijakije. Genska podloga celijakije vezana za lokus humanih leukocitnih antigena kao dominantnog genetičkog elementa detaljno je razjašnjena. No postoji i velik broj gena izvan ove regije koji pridonose etiopatogenezi bolesti, a samo su dijelom zajednički pojedinim bolesnicima, što upućuje na genetičku heterogenost bolesti. Uz to je opaženo da su mnogi od tih rizičnih lokusa u celijakiji zajednički s lokusima za druge autoimunosne bolesti. Značajan doprinos novim spoznajama daju recentne cjelogenomske asocijacijske studije, ali tek treba istražiti velik dio još i sad nepoznate heritabilnosti u celijakiji.Celiac disease is a chronic infl ammatory disease of the small intestine triggered by gluten intake, which occurs in genetically susceptible individuals. The purpose of this paper is to present recent fi ndings in the genetics of celiac disease. Genetic background of celiac disease related to human leukocyte antigen locus (HLA) as a dominant genetic element has been well described. However, the existence of a large number of non-HLA celiac disease genes, only partly shared by each individual patient, suggests genetic heterogeneity of the disease. In addition, it has been observed that many of these risk loci in celiac disease are common with the loci for other autoimmune diseases. A signifi cant contribution to our knowledge has been provided by recent genome-wide association studies, but great part of the still unknown heritability in celiac disease is yet to be explored in the future

HLA-DQA1 and HLADQB1 genes in celiac disease

Cilj: Utvrditi učestalost alela i genotipova HLA-DQA1 i HLA-DQB1 gena u oboljelih od celijakije, kao i njihov utjecaj na kliničku ekspresiju bolesti. Ispitanici i metode: U ispitivanje je uključeno 110 pacijenata (60 žena i 50 muškaraca) s dijagnosticiranom celijakijom prema revidiranim ESPGHAN kriterijima (The European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition) koji su klinički obrađeni na Klinici za internu medicinu i Klinici za pedijatriju KBC-a Rijeka. Genotipizacija HLA alela klase II u pacijenata izvršena je metodom lančane reakcije polimerazom (PCR, engl. Polymerase Chain Reaction) s alel specifičnim početnicama (engl. Sequence Specific Primer – SSP), pri čemu su korišteni komercijalni kitovi niske i srednje rezolucije GenoVision SSP. Rezultati: Svi pacijenti imali su barem jedan rizični HLA-DQA1 ili HLA–DQB1 alel. Homozigota za rizične HLA-DQB1 alele bilo je 36,3 %, a za HLA-DQA1 34,5 %. Genotipovi za HLA-DQ2 i/ili DQ8 heterodimere prisutni su u 92,7 % pacijenata. HLA-DQ2 prisutan je u 79,1 % pacijenata, a HLA-DQ8 u 20,9 %. Nije utvrđena značajna razlika (P 0.05) in the frequency of the HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 carriers depending on the type of celiac disease. An earlier diagnosis and greater incidence of other autoimmune diseases in homozygotes, compared to other genotypes, was observed. Conclusions: The results have shown that the presence of HLA-DQ2/DQ8 heterodimers in Croatian celiac patients is in range with the existing north-south gradient in European populations. HLA genotyping in celiac patients has explicit effects in clinical practice when setting up the diagnosis

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements