Comparação entre exercícios de respiração profunda e espirometria de incentivo no pós-operatório de cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio Comparison between deep breathing exercises and incentive spirometry after CABG surgery

Abstract Objective: To compare the effects of deep breathing exercises (DBE) and the flow-oriented incentive spirometry (IS) in patients undergone coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) through the following variables: forced vital capacity -FVC, forced expiratory volume in 1 second -FEV 1 , maximal respiratory pressures and oxygen saturation. Methods: Thirty six patients in CABG postoperative period underwent thirty minutes of non-invasive ventilation during the first 24 hours after extubation and were randomly shared into two groups as following: DBE (n=18) and IS (n=18). The spirometric variables were assessed on the preoperative period and seventh postoperative day (POD). The respiratory muscle strength and oxygen saturation were assessed on the preoperative period, first, second and seventh POD. Results: The groups were considered homogeneous in relation to the demographic and surgical variables. It has been noted fall in the values of FVC and FEV 1 between the preoperative period and the seventh POD, but without significant differences between groups. The maximal respiratory pressures showed drop in the first POD but with gradual and partial recovery until the seventh POD, also without significant differences between groups. The oxygen saturation was the only variable that was completely recovered on the seventh POD, also without significant differences between groups. Conclusion: There were not observed significant differences in maximal respiratory pressures, spirometric variables and oxygen saturation in patients undergone deep breathing exercises and flow-oriented incentive spirometry after coronary artery bypass grafting. Rev Bras Cir Cardiovasc 2009; 24(2): 165-17

Hyaluronic acid hydrogels reinforced with laser spun bioactive glass micro- and nanofibres doped with lithium

The repair of articular cartilage lesions in weight-bearing joints remains as a significant challenge due to the low regenerative capacity of this tissue. Hydrogels are candidates to repair lesions as they have similar properties to cartilage extracellular matrix but they are unable to meet the mechanical and biological requirements for a successful outcome. Here, we reinforce hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels with 13-93-lithium bioactive glass micro- and nanofibres produced by laser spinning. The glass fibres are a reinforcement filler and a platform for the delivery of therapeutic lithium-ions. The elastic modulus of the composites is more than three times higher than in HA hydrogels. Modelling of the reinforcement corroborates the experimental results. ATDC5 chondrogenic cells seeded on the composites are viable and more proliferation occurs on the hydrogels containing fibres than in HA hydrogels alone. Furthermore, the chondrogenic behavior on HA constructs with fibres containing lithium is more marked than in hydrogels with no-lithium fibres.Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED431B 2016/042Xunta de Galicia | Ref. POS-A/2013/161Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481D 2017/010Xunta de Galicia | Ref. ED481B 2016/047-

Effect of the thermal treatment on the glue-line shear strength of OSB panels

As pesquisas sobre o tratamento t\ue9rmico em pain\ue9is OSB (oriented strandboard) v\ueam buscando reduzir a higroscopicidade dos pain\ue9is, bem como aliviar as tens\uf5es geradas durante o processo de prensagem. Entretanto, o tratamento t\ue9rmico acima de 160\ubaC pode causar inativa\ue7\ue3o da superf\uedcie da madeira, tornando-a mais lisa, diminuindo a penetra\ue7\ue3o do adesivo e por conseq\ufc\ueancia, reduzindo a qualidade da ades\ue3o. O lixamento da superf\uedcie de pain\ue9is OSB pode tornar a superf\uedcie mais rugosa aumentando a qualidade da ades\ue3o e a resist\ueancia na linha de cola. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a resist\ueancia na linha de cola de pain\ue9is OSB tratados termicamente, assim como a influ\ueancia do lixamento na qualidade da colagem dos pain\ue9is. Foram obtidos, aleatoriamente pain\ue9is comerciais de OSB que foram tratados termicamente em prensa laboratorial segundo dois n\uedveis temperaturas (190 e 220\ubaC), tr\ueas tempos de dura\ue7\ue3o (12, 16 e 20 minutos). Foram cortados 84 corpos-de-prova (CP) sendo que a metade foi lixada. O ensaio de resist\ueancia ao cisalhamento da linha de cola foi conduzido segundo ASTM D1037, sendo avaliado o adesivo resorcinol-formalde\ueddo na gramatura de 360 g/m\ub2. Os resultados mostraram que o tratamento t\ue9rmico teve influ\ueancia na resist\ueancia, diminuindo-a levemente em compara\ue7\ue3o ao material n\ue3otratado. Foi identificado efeito interativo entre a temperatura e o tempo de tratamento. Entretanto, com a opera\ue7\ue3o de lixamento esse efeito foi removido e as diferen\ue7as com a testemunha foram diminu\ueddas. Observou-se que os ganhos na resist\ueancia com o lixamento foram de at\ue9 15%. Sendo assim, o tratamento t\ue9rmico apresentou pouca influ\ueancia na resist\ueancia da linha de cola e o efeito do lixamento apresentou-se como um processo ben\ue9fico, melhorando a qualidade da ades\ue3o dos pain\ue9is OSB.Research to improve dimensional stability of oriented strand boards (OSB) through thermal treatment has been done. It aims to reduce the higroscopicity of the wood particles as well as to relieve the compression stresses generated during pressing process. In spite of the advantages, the thermal treatment above 160\ubaC can inactive the surface of the wood, reducing the penetration of the adhesive and, this way, reducing the quality of the adhesion. The sanding of the surface of OSB panels can remove this effect, increasing the quality of the adhesion and the glue line strength. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of the thermal treatment on the glue-line shear strength of OSB panels and the effect of the sanding process on this strength, as well. Commercial OSB were thermally treated according to two temperature levels (190 and 220\ubaC), three times (12, 16 and 20 minutes). Eighty-four samples were cut, both of them were sanded before the gluing (resorcinol-formaldehyde, 360 g/m\ub2). The glue-line shear strength testing was conducted according to ASTM D 1037 standard. The results reveled that the proposed thermal treatment reduced slightly the shear strength The interaction factor between temperature and time on these results was identified. However, sanding process removed this effect and improved significantly shear strength. Therefore, the thermical treatment imparted little effect on the glue-line shear strength, while the sanding process improved the quality of the adhesion in OSB panels

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements