Quand les déchets bousculent la politique locale d’une ville intermédiaire en crise (Dolisie, Congo)

A partir du cas de Dolisie, cet article interroge comment la question des déchets a redéfinit le politique dans une ville intermédiaire du Congo Brazzaville. La démonstration s’appuie sur une analyse de projets, menés par le Gret, ONG internationale de développement et financés par l’UE entre 2012 et 2018 et sur de longues enquêtes de terrain, pour étudier les rapports de pouvoirs en lien avec la gestion des déchets. Le service créé repose sur un modèle hybride, durable, adaptable à la réalité socio-économique marquée par une crise profonde depuis 2015. Dans ce contexte de grande instabilité, les enjeux semblent d’abord porter sur les choix techniques et l‘équilibre du modèle économique, à l’instar de ce qui a pu être observé dans d’autres villes intermédiaires du continent. Pourtant à Dolisie, bien que ces éléments semblent fondamentaux, les résultats mis en avant à la fin des projets invitent surtout à s’intéresser au processus de construction d’une politique sectorielle et aux modalités renouvelées de gouvernance locale, notamment à l’échelle des quartiers.Using the case of Dolisie, this article examines how the issue of waste has redefined politics in an intermediate city in Congo Brazzaville. The demonstration is based on an analysis of projects, conducted by GRET, an international development NGO and financed by the EU between 2012 and 2018, and on long field surveys, to study the power relationships related to waste management. The service created is based on a hybrid, sustainable model that can be adapted to the socio-economic reality marked by a deep crisis since 2015. In this context of great instability, the stakes seem to be primarily on technical choices and the balance of the economic model, as has been observed in other intermediate cities on the continent. However, in Dolisie, although these elements seem fundamental, the results highlighted at the end of the projects are an invitation to focus on the process of building a sectoral policy and on the renewed modalities of local governance, particularly at the neighbourhood level

Relever le défi de l’habitat spontané en Guyane

Formal social housing in French Guyana fails to meet the needs of low-income households, spurring the uncontrolled growth of informal settlements. These neighborhoods pose a major urban, health, social and environmental challenge for Guyana. The border town of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, where population growth is unusually high, with an average rate of 4.3 % per year, for the period of 1999-2010, is particularly exposed. Local actors are reluctant to experiment with new methods which differ from national policies and tools meant to be relevant everywhere in France.This article seeks to increase awareness and recognition of the potential of local practices and know-how in informal settlements. It also discusses possible solutions. Findings are based on field work conducted during three years, from 2012 to 2014, on behalf of the Deal (State directorate of environment, spatial development and housing) of French Guyana and the municipality of Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni.The first section presents informal settlements as a result of residents’ efforts and initiatives to adapt to a quickly changing environment. It characterizes informal settlements and highlights the importance of negotiations, compromises and modes of organization found in these neighborhoods.The second section focuses on adaptation as a means to address the challenge of informal urbanization. It argues that adapting urban, land and housing policies made up in metropolitan France to the specific characteristics of French Guyana and supporting and improving local practices are key in moving towards a more inclusive and sustainable development

La Guyane : enjeux internationaux, adaptations locales

Coordination éditoriale : Pierre-Jacques Olagnie

Penser le politique par les déchets

numéro dirigé par Fabrizio Maccaglia et Claudia Cirell

Penser le politique par les déchets

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