INDICADORES SEDIMENTOLÓGICOS DE LA EVOLUCIÓN TECTÓNICA DURANTE EL MIOCENO EN EL SINCLINAL DE NUNCHÍA, PIEDEMONTE DE LA CORDILLERA ORIENTAL DE COLOMBIA

El área de estudio corresponde al Sinclinal de Nunchía, el cual se encuentra ubicado en el Piedemonte Oriental de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Esta estructura se encuentra limitada por la Falla de Yopal al este y la Falla de Guaicaramo al oeste. En este sinclinal se encuentran expuestos sedimentos de edad Mioceno principalmente, que pertenecen a las Formaciones Carbonera (C1-C5), León y Guayabo. Se realizaron análisis sedimentológicos especialmente en la Formación Guayabo, con el fin de determinar la influencia tectónica durante su depositación. El análisis petrográfico de las areniscas indica la presencia de componentes asociados a las Formaciones del Cretácico Superior – Paleoceno de la Cordillera Oriental. La medición de paleocorrientes muestra una orientación prefencial hacia el SE, durante la depositación de la mayoría de las Formaciones estudiadas; con una inversión en la dirección del flujo hacia el W-NW durante la depositación de la parte Media de la Formación Guayabo preservada en el Sinclinal de Nunchía. Los datos recolectados permiten establecer una evolución estructural en el Sinclinal de Nunchía que fue activa durante la mayor parte del Mioceno. Esta evolución ocurrió al parecer de manera continua, aunque la fragmentación del registro geológico muestra periodos concretos de mayor actividad tectónica. Palabras Clave: Sinclinal de Nunchía, evolución tectono-sedimentaria, Piedemonte Cordillera Oriental, paleocorrientes, proveniencia.    The study area corresponds to the Nunchia Syncline, which is located in the Eastern Foothills of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. This structure is bounded by the Yopal Thrust to the east, and Guaicaramo Thrust to the west. This syncline has mostly outcrops of Miocene units, which belong to the Carbonera (C1-C5), Leon and Guayabo Formations. Here we use sedimentologic data, especially in the Guayabo Formation, in order to determine the influence of active tectonics during its deposition. Petrographic analyses of sandstones indicate the presence of components associated with Upper Cretaceous – Paleocene Formations in the Eastern Cordillera. Paleocurrent orientation shows a preferential trend towards the SE during the deposition of most of the studied formations, with a reversal in flow direction towards the W-NW during the deposition of the Middle Guayabo Formation preserved in the Nunchia syncline. The collected data allows establishing a structural evolution in the Nunchia Syncline which was therefore active during most of the Miocene. This evolution appears to be continuous, although fragmentation of the geological record shows more specific periods of tectonic activity. Keywords: Nunchia Syncline, tectono-sedimentary evolution, Eastern Cordillera Foothills, paleocurrents, provenance

INDICADORES SEDIMENTOLÓGICOS DE LA EVOLUCIÓN TECTÓNICA DURANTE EL MIOCENO EN EL SINCLINAL DE NUNCHÍA, PIEDEMONTE DE LA CORDILLERA ORIENTAL DE COLOMBIA

El área de estudio corresponde al Sinclinal de Nunchía, el cual se encuentra ubicado en el Piedemonte Oriental de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Esta estructura se encuentra limitada por la Falla de Yopal al este y la Falla de Guaicaramo al oeste. En este sinclinal se encuentran expuestos sedimentos de edad Mioceno principalmente, que pertenecen a las Formaciones Carbonera (C1-C5), León y Guayabo. Se realizaron análisis sedimentológicos especialmente en la Formación Guayabo, con el fin de determinar la influencia tectónica durante su depositación. El análisis petrográfico de las areniscas indica la presencia de componentes asociados a las Formaciones del Cretácico Superior – Paleoceno de la Cordillera Oriental. La medición de paleocorrientes muestra una orientación prefencial hacia el SE, durante la depositación de la mayoría de las Formaciones estudiadas; con una inversión en la dirección del flujo hacia el W-NW durante la depositación de la parte Media de la Formación Guayabo preservada en el Sinclinal de Nunchía. Los datos recolectados permiten establecer una evolución estructural en el Sinclinal de Nunchía que fue activa durante la mayor parte del Mioceno. Esta evolución ocurrió al parecer de manera continua, aunque la fragmentación del registro geológico muestra periodos concretos de mayor actividad tectónica. Palabras Clave: Sinclinal de Nunchía, evolución tectono-sedimentaria, Piedemonte Cordillera Oriental, paleocorrientes, proveniencia.    The study area corresponds to the Nunchia Syncline, which is located in the Eastern Foothills of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. This structure is bounded by the Yopal Thrust to the east, and Guaicaramo Thrust to the west. This syncline has mostly outcrops of Miocene units, which belong to the Carbonera (C1-C5), Leon and Guayabo Formations. Here we use sedimentologic data, especially in the Guayabo Formation, in order to determine the influence of active tectonics during its deposition. Petrographic analyses of sandstones indicate the presence of components associated with Upper Cretaceous – Paleocene Formations in the Eastern Cordillera. Paleocurrent orientation shows a preferential trend towards the SE during the deposition of most of the studied formations, with a reversal in flow direction towards the W-NW during the deposition of the Middle Guayabo Formation preserved in the Nunchia syncline. The collected data allows establishing a structural evolution in the Nunchia Syncline which was therefore active during most of the Miocene. This evolution appears to be continuous, although fragmentation of the geological record shows more specific periods of tectonic activity. Keywords: Nunchia Syncline, tectono-sedimentary evolution, Eastern Cordillera Foothills, paleocurrents, provenance

Renal volume of five-year-old preterm children are not different than full-term controls

Objective: In previous studies, smaller renal volumes were reported in prematurely born infants, however, these renal volumes were not corrected for body surface area, the main determinant of renal size. Given the rapid growth of the renal cortex after premature birth, the authors hypothesized that corrected volumes would not differ from healthy controls. Methods: Ambispective cohort study with prospective follow-up of prematurely born babies in a large specialized center and retrospectively recruited healthy control group. Children were assessed for renal length and renal volumes at age 5 by three independent ultrasonographers. Detailed anthropometry, blood pressure and renal function were also obtained. Age independent z-scores were calculated for all parameters and compared using descriptive statistics. Results: Eighty-nine premature study participants (median 32 weeks gestational age) and 33 healthy controls (median 38 weeks gestational age) were studied. Study participants did not differ in age, sex, Afro-Colombian descent, height, blood pressure, serum creatinine, or new Schwartz eGFR. Premature study participants had a significantly lower weight (17.65 ± 2.93 kg) than controls (19.05 ± 2.81 kg, p = 0.0072) and lower body surface area. The right renal volumes were significantly smaller (39.4 vs 43.4 mL), but after correction for body surface area, the renal volume and renal length z-scores were identical for both kidneys (mean right kidney -0.707 vs -0.507; mean left kidney -0.498 vs -0.524, respectively). Conclusion: Renal volumes need to be corrected to body surface area. After correction for body surface area, 5-year-old healthy and prematurely born children have comparable renal volumes

Effect of live weight pre and post-lambing on milk production of East Friesian sheep

The study was conducted to analyse the effect of sheep body weight (BW) at mating, mid-preg- nancy, lambing, early lactation, mid-lactation and late lactation on milk yield and patterns of milk production. Also, the effects of environmental factors such as number of lambing (NL) and type of lambing (TL) on BW and milk production were analysed. A total of 52 multiparous East Friesian ewes from an experimental flock were used. Ewes were assigned to three different groups accord- ing to their BW at each productive stage: low (LBW), moderate (MBW) and high BW (HBW). Lactations were fitted using the mechanistic model described by Pollott. Total milk yield (TMY), peak yield (PY) and time at peak yield (TPY) were also calculated. HBW ewes had consistently higher TMY (p<.001) and PY (p<.05) values, than LBW and MBW in most of productive stage measured. There was a positive linear relationship (p < .05) between TMY and BW in all-productive stage, except at mid-gestation where the relationship was quadratic. HBW ewes weighted at mid- pregnancy showed the highest values of maximum secretion parameter (p 1⁄4 .04) of Pollott model, which could partially explain the better milk yield of HBW ewes. A significant effect of NL on BW (p1⁄4.007) and TMY (p1⁄4.007) was observed. The BW ewe’s in pregnancy and early lactation is a useful indicator at farm level to improve the milk yield performance in dairy sheep.Mr. Angeles Hernandez thank the National Council for Science and Technology (CONACyT, Mexico) for the scholar- ship for their studies in the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Dr. Gonzalez Ronquillo was granted with a Beca Alianza del Pacifico 2014 fellowship

Introducción

La memoria es ese espacio de hilos delgados y gruesos por el que es complejo transitar. Los días, los meses y los años la convierten en un terreno impredecible de zonas fangosas; pero sobre ella, venciendo obstáculos, siempre hay que volver.De eso trata este libro, de volver sobre el pasado de 12 colombianos que hoy superan los 80 años, y que fueron testigos de la época de La Violencia, que se establece desde 1930 y que se complejiza el 9 de abril de 1948, con el asesinato de líder político Jorge Eliecer Gaitán

Molecular characterization of occult hepatitis B virus infection in patients with end-stage liver disease in Colombia.

ABSTARCT: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) occult infection (OBI) is a risk factor to be taken into account in transfusion, hemodialysis and organ transplantation. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize at the molecular level OBI cases in patients with end-stage liver disease. METHODS: Sixty-six liver samples were obtained from patients with diagnosis of end-stage liver disease submitted to liver transplantation in Medellin (North West, Colombia). Samples obtained from patients who were negative for the surface antigen of HBV (n = 50) were tested for viral DNA detection by nested PCR for ORFs S, C, and X and confirmed by Southern-Blot. OBI cases were analyzed by sequencing the viral genome to determine the genotype and mutations; additionally, viral genome integration events were examined by the Alu-PCR technique. RESULTS: In five cases out of 50 patients (10%) the criteria for OBI was confirmed. HBV genotype F (subgenotypes F1 and F3), genotype A and genotype D were characterized in liver samples. Three integration events in chromosomes 5q14.1, 16p13 and 20q12 affecting Receptor-type tyrosine-protein phosphatase T, Ras Protein Specific Guanine Nucleotide Releasing Factor 2, and the zinc finger 263 genes were identified in two OBI cases. Sequence analysis of the viral genome of the 5 OBI cases showed several punctual missense and nonsense mutations affecting ORFs S, P, Core and X. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first characterization of OBI in patients with end-stage liver disease in Colombia. The OBI cases were identified in patients with HCV infection or cryptogenic cirrhosis. The integration events (5q14.1, 16p13 and 20q12) described in this study have not been previously reported. Further studies are required to validate the role of mutations and integration events in OBI pathogenesis

Autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs are present in ~4% of uninfected individuals over 70 years old and account for ~20% of COVID-19 deaths

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 The Authors, some rights reserved.Circulating autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing high concentrations (10 ng/ml; in plasma diluted 1:10) of IFN-alpha and/or IFN-omega are found in about 10% of patients with critical COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) pneumonia but not in individuals with asymptomatic infections. We detect auto-Abs neutralizing 100-fold lower, more physiological, concentrations of IFN-alpha and/or IFN-omega (100 pg/ml; in 1:10 dilutions of plasma) in 13.6% of 3595 patients with critical COVID-19, including 21% of 374 patients >80 years, and 6.5% of 522 patients with severe COVID-19. These antibodies are also detected in 18% of the 1124 deceased patients (aged 20 days to 99 years; mean: 70 years). Moreover, another 1.3% of patients with critical COVID-19 and 0.9% of the deceased patients have auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations of IFN-beta. We also show, in a sample of 34,159 uninfected individuals from the general population, that auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations of IFN-alpha and/or IFN-omega are present in 0.18% of individuals between 18 and 69 years, 1.1% between 70 and 79 years, and 3.4% >80 years. Moreover, the proportion of individuals carrying auto-Abs neutralizing lower concentrations is greater in a subsample of 10,778 uninfected individuals: 1% of individuals 80 years. By contrast, auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-beta do not become more frequent with age. Auto-Abs neutralizing type I IFNs predate SARS-CoV-2 infection and sharply increase in prevalence after the age of 70 years. They account for about 20% of both critical COVID-19 cases in the over 80s and total fatal COVID-19 cases.Peer reviewe

XVI International Congress of Control Electronics and Telecommunications: "Techno-scientific considerations for a post-pandemic world intensive in knowledge, innovation and sustainable local development"

Este título, sugestivo por los impactos durante la situación de la Covid 19 en el mundo, y que en Colombia lastimosamente han sido muy críticos, permiten asumir la obligada superación de tensiones sociales, políticas, y económicas; pero sobre todo científicas y tecnológicas. Inicialmente, esto supone la existencia de una capacidad de la sociedad colombiana por recuperar su estado inicial después de que haya cesado la perturbación a la que fue sometida por la catastrófica pandemia, y superar ese anterior estado de cosas ya que se encontraban -y aún se encuentran- muchos problemas locales mal resueltos, medianamente resueltos, y muchos sin resolver: es decir, habrá que rediseñar y fortalecer una probada resiliencia social existente - producto del prolongado conflicto social colombiano superado parcialmente por un proceso de paz exitoso - desde la tecnociencia local; como lo indicaba Markus Brunnermeier - economista alemán y catedrático de economía de la Universidad de Princeton- en su libro The Resilient Society…La cuestión no es preveerlo todo sino poder reaccionar…aprender a recuperarse rápido.This title, suggestive of the impacts during the Covid 19 situation in the world, and which have unfortunately been very critical in Colombia, allows us to assume the obligatory overcoming of social, political, and economic tensions; but above all scientific and technological. Initially, this supposes the existence of a capacity of Colombian society to recover its initial state after the disturbance to which it was subjected by the catastrophic pandemic has ceased, and to overcome that previous state of affairs since it was found -and still is find - many local problems poorly resolved, moderately resolved, and many unresolved: that is, an existing social resilience test will have to be redesigned and strengthened - product of the prolonged Colombian social conflict partially overcome by a successful peace process - from local technoscience; As Markus Brunnermeier - German economist and professor of economics at Princeton University - indicates in his book The Resilient Society...The question is not to foresee everything but to be able to react...learn to recover quickly.Bogot

Why Are Outcomes Different for Registry Patients Enrolled Prospectively and Retrospectively? Insights from the Global Anticoagulant Registry in the FIELD-Atrial Fibrillation (GARFIELD-AF).

Background: Retrospective and prospective observational studies are designed to reflect real-world evidence on clinical practice, but can yield conflicting results. The GARFIELD-AF Registry includes both methods of enrolment and allows analysis of differences in patient characteristics and outcomes that may result. Methods and Results: Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and ≥1 risk factor for stroke at diagnosis of AF were recruited either retrospectively (n = 5069) or prospectively (n = 5501) from 19 countries and then followed prospectively. The retrospectively enrolled cohort comprised patients with established AF (for a least 6, and up to 24 months before enrolment), who were identified retrospectively (and baseline and partial follow-up data were collected from the emedical records) and then followed prospectively between 0-18 months (such that the total time of follow-up was 24 months; data collection Dec-2009 and Oct-2010). In the prospectively enrolled cohort, patients with newly diagnosed AF (≤6 weeks after diagnosis) were recruited between Mar-2010 and Oct-2011 and were followed for 24 months after enrolment. Differences between the cohorts were observed in clinical characteristics, including type of AF, stroke prevention strategies, and event rates. More patients in the retrospectively identified cohort received vitamin K antagonists (62.1% vs. 53.2%) and fewer received non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (1.8% vs . 4.2%). All-cause mortality rates per 100 person-years during the prospective follow-up (starting the first study visit up to 1 year) were significantly lower in the retrospective than prospectively identified cohort (3.04 [95% CI 2.51 to 3.67] vs . 4.05 [95% CI 3.53 to 4.63]; p = 0.016). Conclusions: Interpretations of data from registries that aim to evaluate the characteristics and outcomes of patients with AF must take account of differences in registry design and the impact of recall bias and survivorship bias that is incurred with retrospective enrolment. Clinical Trial Registration: - URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier for GARFIELD-AF (NCT01090362)

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease