Global patterns in genomic diversity underpinning the evolution of insecticide resistance in the aphid crop pest Myzus persicae

Abstract: The aphid Myzus persicae is a destructive agricultural pest that displays an exceptional ability to develop resistance to both natural and synthetic insecticides. To investigate the evolution of resistance in this species we generated a chromosome-scale genome assembly and living panel of >110 fully sequenced globally sampled clonal lines. Our analyses reveal a remarkable diversity of resistance mutations segregating in global populations of M. persicae. We show that the emergence and spread of these mechanisms is influenced by host–plant associations, uncovering the widespread co‐option of a host-plant adaptation that also offers resistance against synthetic insecticides. We identify both the repeated evolution of independent resistance mutations at the same locus, and multiple instances of the evolution of novel resistance mechanisms against key insecticides. Our findings provide fundamental insights into the genomic responses of global insect populations to strong selective forces, and hold practical relevance for the control of pests and parasites.Peer reviewedFinal Published versio

Correlation between work impairment, scores of rhinitis severity and asthma using the MASK-air (R) App

Background In allergic rhinitis, a relevant outcome providing information on the effectiveness of interventions is needed. In MASK-air (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network), a visual analogue scale (VAS) for work is used as a relevant outcome. This study aimed to assess the performance of the work VAS work by comparing VAS work with other VAS measurements and symptom-medication scores obtained concurrently. Methods All consecutive MASK-air users in 23 countries from 1 June 2016 to 31 October 2018 were included (14 189 users; 205 904 days). Geolocalized users self-assessed daily symptom control using the touchscreen functionality on their smart phone to click on VAS scores (ranging from 0 to 100) for overall symptoms (global), nose, eyes, asthma and work. Two symptom-medication scores were used: the modified EAACI CSMS score and the MASK control score for rhinitis. To assess data quality, the intra-individual response variability (IRV) index was calculated. Results A strong correlation was observed between VAS work and other VAS. The highest levels for correlation with VAS work and variance explained in VAS work were found with VAS global, followed by VAS nose, eye and asthma. In comparison with VAS global, the mCSMS and MASK control score showed a lower correlation with VAS work. Results are unlikely to be explained by a low quality of data arising from repeated VAS measures. Conclusions VAS work correlates with other outcomes (VAS global, nose, eye and asthma) but less well with a symptom-medication score. VAS work should be considered as a potentially useful AR outcome in intervention studies.Peer reviewe

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

A review of the genus Trichogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia), including descriptions of new species

Cordeiro, Ralf T. S. (2019): A review of the genus Trichogorgia (Cnidaria, Octocorallia), including descriptions of new species. Zootaxa 4706 (4): 517-530, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4706.4.

Dendronephthya perezi Cordeiro & Ofwegen, 2018, nom. n.

Dendronephthya perezi nom. n. to replace Dendronephthya kukenthali Gravier, 1908. Etymology: The epithet “perezi” is given in honor of Dr. Carlos Daniel Pérez, a prominent octocoral taxonomist and former advisor of the first author. Type-specimens: Gravier’s syntypes (two specimens) are available at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN-IK-2000-153) (Fig. 1B,C). Part of the syntype (one uncatalogued specimen) is possibly deposited at Natural History Museum of Denmark (SNM), labeled by Tixier-Durivault and Prevorsek as “ Spongodes kükenthali (Gravier), from Gulf of Tadjoura, coll. by Ch. Gravier (1904)” (Fig. 1A).Published as part of Cordeiro, Ralf T. S. & Van Ofwegen, Leen P., 2018, A new name for Dendronephthya kukenthali Gravier, 1908 (Octocorallia, Nephtheidae): Dendronephthya perezi nom. n., pp. 576-578 in Zootaxa 4508 (4) on page 576, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4508.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/371395

Callogorgia lucaya sp. nov., a new species of deep-sea Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the western Atlantic

Cordeiro, Ralf T. S., Bayer, Frederick M., Cairns, Stephen D. (2018): Callogorgia lucaya sp. nov., a new species of deep-sea Primnoidae (Anthozoa: Octocorallia) from the western Atlantic. Zootaxa 4441 (3): 529-536, DOI: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4441.3.

Chrysogorgia fewkesii Verrill 1883

<i>Chrysogorgia fewkesii</i> Verrill, 1883 <p>(Fig. 2 C,E, 3)</p> <p> <i>Chrysogorgia Desbonni:</i> Pourtalès, 1868: 131 –132.</p> <p> <i>Chrysogorgia Fewkesii</i> Verrill, 1883: 26.</p> <p> <i>Chrysogorgia fewkesii</i>: Wright & Studer, 1889: 24.</p> <p> <i>Chrysogorgia fewkesi</i>: Versluys, 1902: 55 –56.— Kükenthal, 1919: 533 –534; 1924: 405.—? Thomson, 1927: 21 –22, Pl. 1, Figs. 6–7.— Deichmann, 1936: 222, 230–231, Pl. 23, Figs. 41–50.—Tixier-Durivault & D’Hondt, 1974: 1409.</p> <p> <i>Chrysogorgia</i> sp. - Castro et al., 2006: 170 (in part: MNRJ 4189–4191)</p> <p> <i>Chrysogorgia fewkesii</i>: Cairns, 2001: 768 –772, Figs. 9, 10.</p> <p> <b>Types:</b> Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard MCZ 4850 (Lectotype) (Cairns, 2001).</p> <p> <b>Type locality:</b> 13°10’10”N, 61°18’15”W (off southwestern St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles), 1048 m depth.</p> <p> <b>New records:</b> MNRJ 6703, 02°15’30”S, 38°16’00”W (Canopus Bank), 260 m depth; MOUFPE-CNI 201, 04º40’11”S, 36°23’52”W (Potiguar Basin), 897–1001 m depth (3 colonies); MOUFPE-CNI 202, 04º40’18”S, 36º23’42”W (Potiguar Basin), 960–1202 m depth (2 colonies); MOUFPE-CNI 203, 04°45’56”S, 36°08’02”W (Potiguar Basin), 1040–1216 m depth (2 fragments); MNRJ 4191, 15°07'09"S 38°40'32"W, 1026 m depth (1 colony and 1 fragment); MNRJ 4189, 13°24'58"S 38°38'16"W, 727-801 m depth (3 fragments); MNRJ 4190, 13°29'28"S 38°37'56"W, 1044-1275 m depth (1 colony); MNRJ 5966, REVIZEE Bahia (Thalassa RV), unknown depth (4 colonies).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b> (based on Cairns, 2001): Colonies bottlebush-shaped, but bushy; colonies to 22.5 cm in height. Branching sequence 2/5R. Distance between branches is 3–6 mm and orthorstiche interval 17–20 mm. First internode robust; terminal twigs quite narrow, colony wiry. Number of nodes per branch usually 5–7, rarely to 10. Polyps per internode 2–4. Polyps small, about 1 mm in height. Coenenchymal sclerites of main stem and branches flattened, elongate, pointed plates up to 0.95 mm long and 0.05–0.06 wide, having prominent compound warts on their faces and edges. Body wall sclerites transversely arranged, consisting of curved, slightly flattened spindles, to 0.71 mm in length and 0.04–0.06 mm in width. Tentacular sclerites similar to those of body wall but longitudinally arranged and containing some shorter blunt rods 0.18–0.30 mm in length and 0.04–0.06 mm in diameter.</p> <p> <b>Description:</b> Colonies bottlebrush shaped, densely branched, up to 12 cm in height (Fig. 2 C, E). Axis golden, wiry, with an average of 1.80 mm in basal diameter. Branches in an ascendent spiral around the main stem, to 31 mm long, diverging between 85° and 110° from the axis. Branching sequence is 2/5R and distance between branches is 3–5 mm. Orthostiche interval 8.00–24.00 mm. Calcareous holdfast, with root-like projections for attachment on soft bottoms. Polyps 1 mm long, distributed in pairs or up to 4 polyps on the branches or isolated on the terminal twig. Coenenchymal scales of the main stem with sparse and low warts, 0.27–0.60 mm long and 0.05– 0.07 wide (Fig. 3 C). Curved spindles from the body wall sparsely warted, transversely arranged, 0.24–0.54 mm long and up to 0.06 mm wide (Fig. 3 A). Pinnular scales 0.05–0.16 mm long (Fig. 3 D). Tentacular spindles similar to those from body wall, but straighter, 0.20–0.32 mm long (Fig. 3 B).</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> Brazilian specimens analyzed herein differ in some aspects from those analyzed by Cairns (2001), mainly by the shorter length of the coenenchymal sclerites (to 0.60 mm versus 0.95 mm). Brazilian specimens, apparently, have sclerites measurements closer to the St. Vincent and Dominica specimens analyzed by Deichmann (1936) (which does not give exact measurements, but estimates lengths around 0.7 mm in sclerites at the base of zooids and up to 0.35 mm in coenenchymal sclerites). Cairns mentioned the width of the basal spindles of the polyp as a consistent character to distinguish among specimens of <i>Chrysogorgia fewkesii</i> and <i>C. multiflora</i> —spindles equal or larger than 0.07 mm in width and more flattened in the latter, while reaching 0.04–0.06 mm of width in the former. Although differences in lengths of spindles of polyps were found in the specimens analyzed, these differences are considered herein as intraspecific variation, as the width of these sclerites were always less than or equal to 0.06 mm. The statement of Cairns (2001), which states that an illustration of any colony of <i>C. multiflora</i> or <i>C. fewkesi</i> serves to illustrate both species is corroborated herein (Figs. 2 C,F). Here an image of a small colony of <i>C. fewkesii</i> (Fig. 2 E) is also provided (see Cairns, 2001: pg. 768, Fig. 7 for comparison with <i>C. multiflora</i>).</p> <p> Cairns (2001) did not examine specimens identified as <i>C. fewkesii</i> by Thomson (1927) and Tixier-Durivault & d’Hondt (1973) collected in the Eastern Atlantic. Keeping in mind that these records were based on fragments of specimens, Cairns (2001) chose not corroborate this. The record of the present work is the first of this species in the South Atlantic.</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Straits of Florida, Northwest Providence Channel, Jamaica, Lesser Antilles, off Guianas (Cairns, 2001), Potiguar Basin, Brazil (present study); 430–1200 m. Eastern Atlantic? (Thomson, 1927; Tixier-Durivault & d’Hondt, 1973).</p>Published as part of <i>Cordeiro, Ralf T. S., Castro, Clovis B. & Pérez, Carlos D., 2015, Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883, pp. 81-100 in Zootaxa 4058 (1)</i> on pages 87-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/241598">http://zenodo.org/record/241598</a&gt

Radicipes Stearns 1883

Genus <i>Radicipes</i> Stearns, 1883 <p> <b>Diagnosis:</b> Chrysogorgiidae growing normally in the form of simple whip-like colonies, with the base divided into calcareous root-like processes. Coenenchyme slender, with oblong scales sclerites. Well-separated, elongated polyps, oblique, with sclerites in the form of spindles or rods (Verrill, 1922, modified).</p> <p> <b>Type species:</b> <i>Radicipes pleurocristatus</i> Stearns, 1883</p>Published as part of <i>Cordeiro, Ralf T. S., Castro, Clovis B. & Pérez, Carlos D., 2015, Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883, pp. 81-100 in Zootaxa 4058 (1)</i> on page 94, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/241598">http://zenodo.org/record/241598</a&gt

Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883

Cordeiro, Ralf T. S., Castro, Clovis B., Pérez, Carlos D. (2015): Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883. Zootaxa 4058 (1): 81-100, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.

Chrysogorgia multiflora Deichmann 1936

<i>Chrysogorgia multiflora</i> Deichmann, 1936 <p>(Fig. 2 F)</p> <p> <i>Chrysogorgia fewkesi</i> var. <i>multiflora</i> Deichmann, 1936: 231, Pl. 22, Fig. 6, Pl. 23, Figs. 51–52.—Bayer, 1951: 272.—Bayer, 1959: 27–29, Fig. 13a–i.</p> <p> ? <i>Chrysogorgia quadruplex</i>: Grasshoff, 1981: 223.</p> <p> <i>Chrysogorgia multiflora</i>: Cairns, 2001: 767 –769, Figs. 7–8.</p> <p> <b>Types:</b> Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard, MCZ 4854.</p> <p> <b>Type locality:</b> 13°10'10"N, 61°18'15"W (off southwestern St. Vincent, Lesser Antilles), 1048 m depth.</p> <p> <b>Material examined:</b> MNRJ 1829, 01°52'N, 46°54'W, off mouth of the Amazon River, 320 m depth; MOUFPE-CNI 200, 04°41’45”S, 36°31’10”W, Potiguar Basin, 375–408 m depth (6 colonies).</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis</b> (based on Cairns 2001): Colonies bottlebrush, wiry, to 25 cm in height with branching sequence 2/ 5R. Distance between branches 1–4 mm, orthorstiche interval 6–22 mm. First internode 10–14 mm long, usually with 2–4 polyps. Internodes per branch 4–9, usually 5. Body wall of polyps with curved spindles transversely arranged, spindle length to 1.08 mm. Coenenchymal elongate plates to 0.77 mm long. Tentacular sclerites longitudinally arranged, curved spindles, but usually shorter (to 0.86 mm). Pinnular sclerites finely granular, often medially-constricted, rectangular scales to 0.20 mm long.</p> <p> <b>Remarks:</b> Since Bayer (1959), there have been no new record of <i>C. multiflora</i> in the South Atlantic. Here, its latitudinal distribution is expanded to the south by approximately three degrees (~ 1400 km).</p> <p> <b>Distribution:</b> Florida, Bahamas, Lesser Antilles and Brazil, from the Amazonas River mouth (Bayer, 1959) to the Potiguar Basin, Rio Grande do Norte State; 320–1280 m depth.</p>Published as part of <i>Cordeiro, Ralf T. S., Castro, Clovis B. & Pérez, Carlos D., 2015, Deep-water octocorals (Cnidaria: Octocorallia) from Brazil: Family Chrysogorgiidae Verrill, 1883, pp. 81-100 in Zootaxa 4058 (1)</i> on pages 85-87, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4058.1.4, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/241598">http://zenodo.org/record/241598</a&gt