Immune mechanisms of induction and expression of contact hypersensitivity reaction in rats

Alergijski kontaktni dermatitis (AKD) je česta zapaljenska bolest kože kod ljudi, koja pogađa 15-20% svetske populacije. Velika zastupljenost hemijskih agenasa (haptena) koji izazivaju AKD, uz odsustvo adekvatne konvencionalne imunosupresivne terapije, čine ovu bolest velikim izazovom za javno zdravlje, i savremenu imunologiju. Razvoj životinjskog modela AKD, reakcije kontaktne preosetljivosti, omogućio je napredak u razumevanju njene patogeneze. Iako je reakcija kontaktne preosetljivosti (KP) dosta ispitivana, pretežno na mišjem modelu, mehanizmi u osnovi razvoja bolesti nisu dovoljno poznati. Takođe, mali je broj podataka o reakciji KP kod drugih eksperimentalnih životinja, osim miševa, koji bi mogli da unaprede znanje o imunobiologiji kontaktnih alergija. U svetlu toga, u ovom radu su ispitane karakteristike reakcije KP kod pacova, korišćenjem dva soja pacova, Dark Agouti (DA) i Albino Oxford (AO), za koje je pokazano da se razlikuju u reaktivnosti na pojedine zapaljenske stimuluse. Indukcija (senzibilizacija) i izazivanje (elicitacija) reakcije KP vršene su sa haptenom dinitrohlorobenzenom (DNCB), koji je primenjen u dve različite koncentracije (režim senzibilizacije/elicitacije 0.4%/0.13% i 4%/1.3% DNCB). Mehanizmi KP kod pacova ispitani su u fazi senzibilizacije i elicitacije reakcije, praćenjem dinamike promena aktivnosti ćelija drenirajućih limfnih čvorova (dLČ) u fazi senzibilizacije, i ispitivanjem produkcije inflamatornih/ anti-inflamatornih medijatora u kondicioniranom medijumu organokulture uha, i promena aktivnosti ćelija dLČ u fazi elicitacije reakcije (24 časa nakon elicitacije). Rezultati su pokazali povećanje in vivo (otok uha) i ex vivo (patohistološka analiza isečaka kože uha) parametara reakcije KP kod oba soja pacova nakon tretmana sa višom dozom haptena, ali je reakcija bila intenzivnija kod DA u odnosu AO soj. Nakon senzibilizacije dolazi do: povećanja broja ćelija u dLČ kod oba soja (izraženije kod DA jedinki), promene zastupljenosti CD4+ i CD8+ ćelija i njihovog odnosa (povećanja odnosa CD4+/CD8+ ćelija kod DA soja, zbog povećanja zastupljenosti CD4+ ćelija a pada zastupljenosti CD8+ ćelija, i smanjenja odnosa CD4+/CD8+ kod AO soja, zbog pada zastupljenosti CD4+ ćelija a povećanja CD8+ ćelija), povećanja ex vivo proliferacije izolovanih ćelija i povećanja spontane i specifične (nakon in vitro stimulacije ćelija sa haptenom) produkcije inflamatornih citokina IFN-γ i IL-17, i Th2/anti-inflamatornog citokina IL-10 (izraženije kod DA soja)...Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common skin inflammatory disease in humans, affecting 15-20% of the general population. Large number of chemical agents that induce ACD (called haptens), together with lack of adequate conventional immunosuppressive therapy, make this disease a major challenge for public health and modern immunology. Pathophysiology of ACD is studied on animal models referred as contact hypersensitivity. Although the reaction of contact hypersensitivity (CHS) has been much studied, mostly in mice, the knowledge of its mechanisms is still far from complete. In addition, there is paucity of data about CHS in other experimental animals, beside mice, which might increase our understanding of the immunobiology of contact allergy. In light of this, in the present study the characteristics of CHS were analyzed in rats, using two strains, Dark Agouti (DA) i Albino Oxford (AO), which have been shown to differ in reactivity to certain inflammatory stimuli. CHS to hapten dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) was induced by applying two different hapten concentrations in sensitization and elicitation phases (sensitization/elicitation regime 0.4%/0.13% and 4%/1.3% DNCB). Mechanisms of CHS were studied in induction (sensitization) and expression (elicitation) phases, by evaluating dynamics in activity changes of draining lymph node (dLN) cells in sensitization phase and by evaluating production of inflammatory/anti-inflammatory mediators in conditioned medium of ear skin organ culture and activity changes of dLN cells in elicitation phase (24 hours after elicitation). The results showed increased in vivo (ear thickness) and ex vivo (patohistology analysis of ear skin) parameters of CHS reaction, in both rat strains following the treatment with high DNCB dose, but the reaction was more intensive in DA compared to AO rats. In sensitization phase it was showed: increased dLN cell number in both strains (higher in DA rats), changes in ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ subsets (increased ratio of CD4+/CD8+ cells in DA rats, because of increased relative number of CD4+ and decreased relative number of CD8+ cells and decreased CD4+/CD8+ ratio in AO rats, because of decreased relative number of CD4+ cells and increased CD8+ cells relative number), increased ex vivo proliferation of dLN cells and increased spontaneous and specific (induced by in vitro cell stimulation with hapten) production of inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-17 and Th2/anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 (more pronounced in DA rats)..

Immune-related health-relevant changes in natural populations of Norway rat (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769): White blood cell counts, leukocyte activity, and peripheral organ infiltration

Basic immune-related health-relevant changes (total and differential white blood cell counts and activity, leukocyte tissue infiltration, and related pathohistology) were assessed in wild Norway rats from urban habitats. Comparative measurements were conducted in individuals of several laboratory strains of Norway rat in order to gain insight into environmental effects on the health of wild rats. Changes in leukocyte counts and activity along with tissue infiltration were noted only in wild rats, indicating systemic as well as tissue inflammation in these animals. Coincidence of these changes with chronic inflammatory pulmonary and kidney disease was observed in the majority of affected rats.U radu su ispitane osnovne imunološke zdravstveno značajne promene kod jedinki sivog pacova iz urbanih staništa (ukupan broj i diferencijalni sastav, kao i aktivnost leukocita periferne krvi, tkivna infiltracija leukocita i patohistološke promene). Uporedo su rađena ispitivanja na nekoliko laboratorijskih sojeva pacova da bi se stekao uvid u efekte spoljašnje sredine na zdravlje jedinki iz prirodnih populacija. Promene u broju i aktivnosti leukocita, kao i infiltracija u organe su primećene samo kod jedinki iz prirodnih populacija i ukazuju na sistemsku i tkivnu inflamaciju kod tih jedinki. Kod većine obolelih jedinki je pokazana povezanost ovih promena i hroničnih inflamatornih oboljenja pluća i bubrega.Projekat ministarstva br. 14303

Basic indices of spleen immune activity in natural populations of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus berkenhout, 1769) in Serbia

Basic parameters of spleen immune activity (spleen weight, histomorphology of splenic compartments, and mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferative capacity in vitro) were evaluated in adult individuals of wild Norway rats from urban habitats and compared to the same data obtained in laboratory rat strains. A wider range of relative spleen mass and differential histomorphological characteristics, together with differences in the level and pattern of responsiveness of splenocytes to exogenous stimulation, were noted in spleens of wild Norway rats. Evidence of both enhanced and low-level immune-relevant spleen activity in wild rats demonstrates the complexity of changes in spleen immune activity in rats from natural populations.Ispitivani su osnovni parametri imunske aktivnosti u slezini (masa slezine, histomorfologija i sposobnost ćelija slezine da profilerišu u odgovoru na mitogen u in vitro uslovima) kod adultnih jedinki sivog pacova iz urbanih staništa i poređeni sa podacima dobijenim kod laboratorijskih sojeva pacova. Kod jedinki iz prirodnih populacija je zapažen veći opseg relativnih masa slezine, različite histomorfološke karakteristike i razlike u nivou i načinu odgovara ćelija slezine na egzogenu stimulaciju u poređenju sa jedinkama laboratorijskih sojeva. Ovi podaci ukazuju na kompleksne promene u imunskoj aktivnosti slezine kod jedinki iz prirodnih populacija.Projekat ministarstva br. 14303

First record of Calodium hepaticum and Taenia taeniaeformis liver infection in wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) in Serbia

The nematode Calodium hepaticum and the cestode Taenia taeniaeformis are zoonotic helminths primarly found in the liver of common wild rats. Most reports on these helminth species with cosmopolitan distribution are from Asia, and there is paucity of data for Europe. Wild Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) from urban and suburban habitats of the Belgrade area were examined for the presence of Calodium hepaticum and Taenia taeniaeformis larvae liver infections. The presence of visible cysts and a histomorphology of parasite-related inflammatory liver responses were sought as signs of infection. The total prevalence of infection was 10.9% (C. hepaticum) and 29.9% (T. taeniaeformis), with no differences between the sexes. No difference in the annual prevalence of both helminth species was noted. Data obtained in this study provide new information relevant to wild Norway rats as sources of C. hepaticum and T. taeniaeformis liver infection in this geographic area, and, in a wider context, in Europe. .Projekat ministarstva br. 14303

Basic indices of spleen immune activity in natural populations of Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus berkenhout, 1769) in Serbia

Basic parameters of spleen immune activity (spleen weight, histomorphology of splenic compartments, and mitogen-induced splenocyte proliferative capacity in vitro) were evaluated in adult individuals of wild Norway rats from urban habitats and compared to the same data obtained in laboratory rat strains. A wider range of relative spleen mass and differential histomorphological characteristics, together with differences in the level and pattern of responsiveness of splenocytes to exogenous stimulation, were noted in spleens of wild Norway rats. Evidence of both enhanced and low-level immune-relevant spleen activity in wild rats demonstrates the complexity of changes in spleen immune activity in rats from natural populations.Ispitivani su osnovni parametri imunske aktivnosti u slezini (masa slezine, histomorfologija i sposobnost ćelija slezine da profilerišu u odgovoru na mitogen u in vitro uslovima) kod adultnih jedinki sivog pacova iz urbanih staništa i poređeni sa podacima dobijenim kod laboratorijskih sojeva pacova. Kod jedinki iz prirodnih populacija je zapažen veći opseg relativnih masa slezine, različite histomorfološke karakteristike i razlike u nivou i načinu odgovara ćelija slezine na egzogenu stimulaciju u poređenju sa jedinkama laboratorijskih sojeva. Ovi podaci ukazuju na kompleksne promene u imunskoj aktivnosti slezine kod jedinki iz prirodnih populacija.Projekat ministarstva br. 14303

Fine-mapping of prostate cancer susceptibility loci in a large meta-analysis identifies candidate causal variants

Prostate cancer is a polygenic disease with a large heritable component. A number of common, low-penetrance prostate cancer risk loci have been identified through GWAS. Here we apply the Bayesian multivariate variable selection algorithm JAM to fine-map 84 prostate cancer susceptibility loci, using summary data from a large European ancestry meta-analysis. We observe evidence for multiple independent signals at 12 regions and 99 risk signals overall. Only 15 original GWAS tag SNPs remain among the catalogue of candidate variants identified; the remainder are replaced by more likely candidates. Biological annotation of our credible set of variants indicates significant enrichment within promoter and enhancer elements, and transcription factor-binding sites, including AR, ERG and FOXA1. In 40 regions at least one variant is colocalised with an eQTL in prostate cancer tissue. The refined set of candidate variants substantially increase the proportion of familial relative risk explained by these known susceptibility regions, which highlights the importance of fine-mapping studies and has implications for clinical risk profiling. © 2018 The Author(s).Prostate cancer is a polygenic disease with a large heritable component. A number of common, low-penetrance prostate cancer risk loci have been identified through GWAS. Here we apply the Bayesian multivariate variable selection algorithm JAM to fine-map 84 prostate cancer susceptibility loci, using summary data from a large European ancestry meta-analysis. We observe evidence for multiple independent signals at 12 regions and 99 risk signals overall. Only 15 original GWAS tag SNPs remain among the catalogue of candidate variants identified; the remainder are replaced by more likely candidates. Biological annotation of our credible set of variants indicates significant enrichment within promoter and enhancer elements, and transcription factor-binding sites, including AR, ERG and FOXA1. In 40 regions at least one variant is colocalised with an eQTL in prostate cancer tissue. The refined set of candidate variants substantially increase the proportion of familial relative risk explained by these known susceptibility regions, which highlights the importance of fine-mapping studies and has implications for clinical risk profiling. © 2018 The Author(s).Peer reviewe

Germline variation at 8q24 and prostate cancer risk in men of European ancestry

Chromosome 8q24 is a susceptibility locus for multiple cancers, including prostate cancer. Here we combine genetic data across the 8q24 susceptibility region from 71,535 prostate cancer cases and 52,935 controls of European ancestry to define the overall contribution of germline variation at 8q24 to prostate cancer risk. We identify 12 independent risk signals for prostate cancer (p < 4.28 × 10−15), including three risk variants that have yet to be reported. From a polygenic risk score (PRS) model, derived to assess the cumulative effect of risk variants at 8q24, men in the top 1% of the PRS have a 4-fold (95%CI = 3.62–4.40) greater risk compared to the population average. These 12 variants account for ~25% of what can be currently explained of the familial risk of prostate cancer by known genetic risk factors. These findings highlight the overwhelming contribution of germline variation at 8q24 on prostate cancer risk which has implications for population risk stratification

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Development and validation of HERWIG 7 tunes from CMS underlying-event measurements

This paper presents new sets of parameters (“tunes”) for the underlying-event model of the HERWIG7 event generator. These parameters control the description of multiple-parton interactions (MPI) and colour reconnection in HERWIG7, and are obtained from a fit to minimum-bias data collected by the CMS experiment at s=0.9, 7, and 13Te. The tunes are based on the NNPDF 3.1 next-to-next-to-leading-order parton distribution function (PDF) set for the parton shower, and either a leading-order or next-to-next-to-leading-order PDF set for the simulation of MPI and the beam remnants. Predictions utilizing the tunes are produced for event shape observables in electron-positron collisions, and for minimum-bias, inclusive jet, top quark pair, and Z and W boson events in proton-proton collisions, and are compared with data. Each of the new tunes describes the data at a reasonable level, and the tunes using a leading-order PDF for the simulation of MPI provide the best description of the dat