Temperature and air velocity of flour of guayaba (Psidium guajava) with maximum vitamin C

El objetivo fue determinar la influencia de temperatura y velocidad de aire en obtención de harina de guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) con máximo contenido de vitamina C. Se recolectaron de Rodríguez de Mendoza frutos de dos variedades (blanca y rosada) 14,57 (índice de madurez). Se secó mesocarpio en secador de bandejas a tres temperaturas (t1=40, t2=50 y t3=60 ºC) y velocidades de aire (v1=3,0; v2=3,5 y v3=4,0 m/s), transcurrido tres horas, se molió. La vitamina C por iodometría. Se empleó un DCA del tipo 3Ax3B con tres réplicas, para determinar contenido de vitamina se efectuó análisis de varianza y prueba Tukey (95% de confianza). El mayor contenido de vitamina C (168,33 mg/100 g) se obtuvo empleando temperatura de 50 ºC y 3,5 m/s de velocidad, mostrando color característico. De ésta harina se realizó el análisis físico-químico después de 30 días, con resultados de 11,11 % de humedad, acidez titulable en porcentaje de ácido cítrico 0,201 %; pH 4,09; sólidos solubles de 4 ºBrix y 3,19 % de cenizas. No hubo crecimiento microbiológico a los 3, 4, 5 y 7 días de incubación; a los 9 días se mostró un crecimiento de 2,5x10 ufc/g de mohos y 2,1x102 ufc/g de levaduras.The objective was to determine the influence of temperature and velocity of air in flour obtaining of guayaba (Psidium guajava L.) with maximum vitamin content C. They collected of Rodriguez of Mendoza fruits of two varieties (white and pink) 14.57 (maturity index). One dried mesocarpio in dryer of trays to three temperatures (t1=40, t2=50 and t3=60 ºC) and speeds of air (v1=3,0; v2=3,5 and v3=4,0 m/s), passed three hours, was ground. Vitamin C by iodometría. A DCA of the 3Ax3B type was used with three retorts, to determine vitamin content took place analysis of variance and Tukey test (95% of confidence). The greater vitamin content C (168.33 mg/100 g) was obtained using temperature of 50 ºC and 3.5 m/s of speed, showing characteristic color. Of this one flour the analysis was made physical-chemistry after 30 days, with results of 11.11 % of humidity, titleable acidity in percentage of citric acid 0.201 %; pH 4,09; 4 soluble solids of ºBrix and 3.19 % of ashes. There was no microbiological growth to the 3, 4, 5 and 7 days of incubation; the 9 days one was to a growth of 2,5x10 ufc/g of moulds and 2,1x102 ufc/g of leavenings

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Valorization of unripe papaya for pectin recovery by conventional extraction and compressed fluids

The aim of the study was to establish a green protocol for pectin extraction from unripe papaya flour (UPF), comparing conventional acid hydrolysis (CONV) and compressed fluid extraction techniques, including Pressurized Hot Water Extraction (PHWE) and Enhanced Solvent Extraction (ESE). Highest pectin yields were achieved with ESE (216 ± 10.8 mg g−1) when CO2+H2O (20:80) + citric acid (0.05 mol L−1) was applied (40 MPa/80 °C/60 min/300–710 µm), similar to that obtained by CONV (202 ± 49.5 mg g−1) and PHWE (208.0 ± 9.4 mg g−1) using oxalic acid. UPF pectin presented an average galacturonic acid (GalA) content of 73% (w/w) and degree of esterification (DE) of 57.8%, and it was composed predominantly of galactose, glucose and rhamnose. This pectic substance has been shown to contain two main types of pectic chains: rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I, average 58%) proportionally higher than homogalacturonan (HG, average 28%). Compressed fluid extraction techniques allowed obtaining high quality pectin with similar composition to other commercial products.The authors thank the following organizations, which supported this project: Organization of American States (OAS), USA; Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR-PG) Ponta Grossa Campus, Brazil; Coimbra Group of Brazilian Universities (GCUB)-PAEC, Brazil and the Pan American Health Organization (OPS)/WHO), USA. Additionally, the authors are deeply grateful to Hans Ulrich Endreβ (Herbstreith & Fox, Germany) for samples of standardized pectin and for analyses kindly carried out in his industry.Peer reviewe

Preoperative nasopharyngeal swab testing and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Surgical services are preparing to scale up in areas affected by COVID-19. This study aimed to evaluate the association between preoperative SARS-CoV-2 testing and postoperative pulmonary complications in patients undergoing elective cancer surgery. METHODS: This international cohort study included adult patients undergoing elective surgery for cancer in areas affected by SARS-CoV-2 up to 19 April 2020. Patients suspected of SARS-CoV-2 infection before operation were excluded. The primary outcome measure was postoperative pulmonary complications at 30 days after surgery. Preoperative testing strategies were adjusted for confounding using mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Of 8784 patients (432 hospitals, 53 countries), 2303 patients (26.2 per cent) underwent preoperative testing: 1458 (16.6 per cent) had a swab test, 521 (5.9 per cent) CT only, and 324 (3.7 per cent) swab and CT. Pulmonary complications occurred in 3.9 per cent, whereas SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in 2.6 per cent. After risk adjustment, having at least one negative preoperative nasopharyngeal swab test (adjusted odds ratio 0.68, 95 per cent confidence interval 0.68 to 0.98; P = 0.040) was associated with a lower rate of pulmonary complications. Swab testing was beneficial before major surgery and in areas with a high 14-day SARS-CoV-2 case notification rate, but not before minor surgery or in low-risk areas. To prevent one pulmonary complication, the number needed to swab test before major or minor surgery was 18 and 48 respectively in high-risk areas, and 73 and 387 in low-risk areas. CONCLUSION: Preoperative nasopharyngeal swab testing was beneficial before major surgery and in high SARS-CoV-2 risk areas. There was no proven benefit of swab testing before minor surgery in low-risk areas

Delaying surgery for patients with a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection

Not availabl