Propuesta de modelo de gestión para la optimización de la cadena de suministro de accesorios de una marca premium del sector automotriz en Lima Metropolitana

El presente trabajo de suficiencia profesional se centra en el análisis, evaluación y propuesta de mejora en la cadena de suministro de artículos, souvenirs y accesorios relacionados a una marca alemana de autos de lujo representada en el Perú, por una empresa líder en el sector automotriz, cuyas operaciones se llevan a cabo en Lima Metropolitana. Para el estudio de caso, la investigación se enfocó principalmente en los procesos de planificación, aprovisionamiento, almacenamiento y distribución en la cadena de suministro. En estos procesos se identificaron oportunidades de mejora en diversos puntos críticos, que sirvieron como base para proponer alternativas de modelos de gestión que optimicen los procesos mencionados y brinden una solución a la situación actual. La investigación llevada a cabo sigue un enfoque no experimental. En primer lugar, se analizó la situación actual de la empresa, se identificaron los puntos clave en los procesos a optimizar en la cadena de suministro y las causas de la problemática. Para ello, se emplearon herramientas como el diagrama de flujo del proceso analizado y el diagrama de Ishikawa. Además de ello, se realizaron entrevistas a diversos colaboradores y encargados principales de las diferentes áreas involucradas directamente con la problemática, quienes se encargan de la coordinación y solicitud de los accesorios, como justificación de la problemática existente y, a su vez, se recopilaron datos necesarios para detallar los principales puntos de quiebre dentro de la cadena de suministro. Los principales puntos de quiebre identificados en la cadena de suministro fueron: demora en llegada de accesorios del almacén principal al secundario, extensas cadenas de correos de coordinación que evidencian la falta de claros procedimientos, incongruencias entre stock físico y del sistema, y tiempo excesivo para creación de link de pago para envío al cliente. Para brindar solución a estas problemáticas, se presentaron alternativas basadas en antecedentes de otros casos de estudios aplicados a situaciones similares. Estas fueron, capacitar en conjunto al personal del área afectada, establecer un diagrama de proceso interno determinado y práctico, aplicar la metodología SCOR (Supply Chain Operations Reference model) y, por último, aplicar el sistema de Planificación de Distribución (DRP). Finalmente, al realizar un análisis exhaustivo de las propuestas junto con las entrevistas a los encargados de las áreas involucradas, se pudo concluir que el sistema de Planificación de Distribución (DRP), es la alternativa de solución más alineada a la problemática, debido a que se alinea a los objetivos de negocio de corto y largo plazo, abarca distintas áreas involucradas, permite realizar una proyección de la demanda y genera rentabilidad en el tiempo.This professional sufficiency work focuses on the analysis, evaluation, and proposal of improvements in the supply chain of items, souvenirs and accessories related to a German luxury car brand represented in Peru by a leading automotive company in the sector, whose operations are carried out in Lima Metropolitan area. For the case study, the research primarily focused on the planning, procurement, storage, and distribution processes. In these processes, opportunities for improvement at various critical points were identified, serving as the basis for proposing alternative management models that optimize the mentioned processes and provide a solution to the current situation. The research followed a non-experimental approach. Firstly, the current situation of the company was analyzed, key points in the supply chain optimization processes were identified, and the causes of the issues were determined. To achieve this, tools such as the flowchart of the analyzed process and the Ishikawa diagram were employed. In addition, interviews were conducted with various employees and key personnel from the different areas directly involved with the issue. These individuals are responsible for coordinating and requesting the accessories, providing justification for the existing problem. Simultaneously, necessary data was collected to specify the main breakpoints within the supply chain. The main breakpoints identified in the supply chain were: delays in the arrival of accessories from the main warehouse to the secondary one, extensive email chains showing a lack of clear procedures, discrepancies between physical stock and system stock, and excessive time for creating a payment link for customer delivery. To address these issues, alternatives were presented based on precedents from other case studies applied to similar situations. These included joint training for the affected area's staff, establishing a specific and practical internal process diagram, applying the SCOR methodology (Supply Chain Operations Reference model), and finally, implementing the Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP) system. Finally, after conducting a thorough analysis of the proposals along with interviews with the individuals responsible for the involved areas, it was possible to conclude that the Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP) system is the solution alternative most aligned with the issue. This is because it aligns with short and long-term business objectives, covers various involved areas, enables demand forecasting, and generates profitability over time.Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesiona

Obesity/Overweight and the Role of Working Conditions: A Qualitative and Participatory Investigation

This study identified the unique barriers low-wage workers face to sustaining a healthy weight, and presented results at a public forum in the fall, 2012. That presentation is galvanizing policy makers, employers, and employees to action. Presenters will explain how this academic-community partnership is translating research results into policy change. This presentation is part of the mini-symposium titled: How Community-Academic Partnership Initiatives Can Contribute to Translational Research

Proyecto DeRaíz!

El presente proyecto de investigación pretende contribuir con la sociedad desarrollando un modelo de negocio con alto impacto social e innovador mediante la venta de frutas por una plataforma web que interconectará a los bodegueros con los agricultores. Algunas de las causas que nos llevaron a la realización del trabajo fue la poca valoración y retribución que existe por parte de los agricultores al ofertar sus productos. Por ello, De Raíz considera importante el desarrollo del proyecto; ya que no solo busca ofrecer su plataforma para los agricultores sino busca que los compradores puedan realizar la adquisición de las frutas de una manera más óptima, para mejorar su experiencia de compra. Para ello, se realizaron entrevistas a usuarios y expertos para poder identificar las principales necesidades y definir el perfil de nuestro cliente y diseñar una propuesta de valor adecuada a sus necesidades. Seguidamente se procedió a realizar diferentes experimentos con la finalidad de validar las soluciones planteadas y el modelo de negocio para evaluar la disposición de compra de las suscripciones mediante la página web; gracias a ello, se implementó un plan estratégico para alcanzar los objetivos planteados y lograr una estabilidad organizacional. Finalmente, se desarrolló un plan financiero con la finalidad de analizar la realidad del negocio, fijar la inversión necesaria, controlar y asignar eficientemente los recursos. A partir de todo lo anteriormente detallado , se pudo verificar que nuestro proyecto ‘‘De Raíz’’ es rentable y sostenible en el tiempo.This research project aims to contribute to society by developing a business model with high social and innovative impact through the sale of fruits through a web platform that will interconnect winemakers with farmers. Some of the causes that led us to carry out the work was the little appreciation and remuneration that exists on the part of the farmers when offering their products. For this reason, De Raíz considers the development of the project important; since it not only seeks to offer its platform for farmers but also seeks that buyers can make the acquisition of fruits in a more optimal way, to improve their shopping experience. To do this, interviews were conducted with users and experts in order to identify the main needs and define the profile of our client and design a value proposition appropriate to their needs. Subsequently, different experiments were carried out in order to validate the proposed solutions and the business model to evaluate the willingness to purchase subscriptions through the website; Thanks to this, a strategic plan was implemented to achieve the proposed objectives and achieve organizational stability. Finally, a financial plan was developed in order to analyze the reality of the business, set the necessary investment, and efficiently control and allocate resources. From everything previously detailed, it was possible to verify that our "De Raíz" project is profitable and sustainable over time.Trabajo de investigació

Kawsay Saphi

Hoy en día la ausencia de medición con respecto a los conocimientos, aprendizajes y compromiso que puedan tener los nuevos y actuales colaboradores con la cultura organizacional de la empresa ;en donde intervienen elementos como la historia, visión, misión, valores, normas, entre otros; es considerado uno de los principales problemas que afronta el área de recursos humanos debido a que repercute en el modelamiento del comportamiento, en la toma de decisiones, en el aumento de rotación por falta de compromiso o ausencia de identificación con las ideologías de la organización. La cultura organizacional genera impacto en los colaboradores debido a que involucra la motivación, satisfacción y la forma en como desempeñan sus labores, a su vez es importante porque se siente identificados con la estrategia de negocio, a donde y como se desea llegar. El proyecto a presentar es un aplicativo móvil que tiene como propósito reforzar y ser aliado de la cultura de las organizaciones de medianas y grandes empresas, dando inicio en el programa de inducción a través de juegos lúdicos, el cual, ayudará a la correcta incorporación de los colaboradores dentro del lugar de trabajo. Además, apoya en el reforzamiento de la fidelización y fomenta el aprendizaje continuo de cada uno de los trabajadores durante su vida en la organización. Asimismo, se considera como una herramienta estrategia para el fomento y medición de la cultura organizacional, que ayudara a que las empresas puedan crear planes estratégicos de desarrollo en su aprendizaje.Today the absence of measurements regarding the knowledge, learning and commitments that new and current collaborators may have with the organizational culture of the company; where elements such as history, vision, mission, values, norms intervene, among others; It is considered one of the main problems facing the area of ​​human resources because it affects the modeling of behavior, decision making, increased turnover due to lack of commitment or lack of identification with the ideologies of the organization. The organizational culture generates an impact on employees because it involves motivation, satisfaction and the way they perform their work, in turn it is important because they feel identified with the business strategy, where and how they want to arrive. The project to be presented is a mobile application whose purpose is to be implemented and to be an ally of the culture of organizations of medium and large companies, starting the induction program through playful games, which, to help the direct correction of the collaborators within the workplace. In addition, it supports the strengthening of loyalty and encourages the continuous learning of each of the workers during their life in the organization. It also considers a strategic tool for the promotion and measurement of organizational culture, which helps companies can create strategic development plans in their learning.Trabajo de investigació

Insights into mantle composition and mantle melting beneath mid-ocean ridges from postspreading volcanism on the fossil Galapagos Rise

New major and trace element and Sr, Nd, and Pb isotope data, together with 39Ar-40Ar ages for lavas from the extinct Galapagos Rise spreading center in the eastern Pacific reveal the evolution in magma compositions erupted during slowdown and after the end of active spreading at a mid-ocean ridge. Lavas erupted at 9.2 Ma, immediately prior to the end of spreading are incompatible element depleted mid-ocean ridge tholeiitic basalts, whereas progressively younger (7.5 to 5.7 Ma) postspreading lavas are increasingly alkalic, have higher concentrations of incompatible elements, higher La/Yb, K/Ti, 87Sr/86Sr, and lower 143Nd/144Nd ratios and were produced by smaller degrees of mantle melting. The large, correlated variations in trace element and isotope compositions can only be explained by melting of heterogenous mantle, in which incompatible trace element enriched lithologies preferentially contribute to smaller degree mantle melts. The effects of variable degrees of melting of heterogeneous mantle on lava compositions must be taken into account when using mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) to infer the conditions of melting beneath active spreading ridges. For example, the stronger “garnet signature” inferred from Sm/Nd and 143Nd/144Nd ratios for postspreading lavas from the Galapagos Rise results from a larger contribution from enriched lithologies with high La/Yb and Sm/Yb, rather than from a greater proportion of melting in the stability field of garnet peridotite. Correlations between ridge depth and Sm/Yb and fractionation-corrected Na concentrations in MORB worldwide could result from variations in mantle fertility and/or variations in the average degree of melting, rather than from large variations in mantle temperature. If more fertile mantle lithologies are preferentially melted beneath active spreading ridges, then the upper mantle may be significantly more “depleted” than is generally inferred from the compositions of MORB

Prion Protein Is a Key Determinant of Alcohol Sensitivity through the Modulation of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) Activity

The prion protein (PrP) is absolutely required for the development of prion diseases; nevertheless, its physiological functions in the central nervous system remain elusive. Using a combination of behavioral, electrophysiological and biochemical approaches in transgenic mouse models, we provide strong evidence for a crucial role of PrP in alcohol sensitivity. Indeed, PrP knock out (PrP−/−) mice presented a greater sensitivity to the sedative effects of EtOH compared to wild-type (wt) control mice. Conversely, compared to wt mice, those over-expressing mouse, human or hamster PrP genes presented a relative insensitivity to ethanol-induced sedation. An acute tolerance (i.e. reversion) to ethanol inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitatory post-synaptic potentials in hippocampal slices developed slower in PrP−/− mice than in wt mice. We show that PrP is required to induce acute tolerance to ethanol by activating a Src-protein tyrosine kinase-dependent intracellular signaling pathway. In an attempt to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying PrP-dependent ethanol effect, we looked for changes in lipid raft features in hippocampus of ethanol-treated wt mice compared to PrP−/− mice. Ethanol induced rapid and transient changes of buoyancy of lipid raft-associated proteins in hippocampus of wt but not PrP−/− mice suggesting a possible mechanistic link for PrP-dependent signal transduction. Together, our results reveal a hitherto unknown physiological role of PrP on the regulation of NMDAR activity and highlight its crucial role in synaptic functions

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

α7-Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor: Role in Early Odor Learning Preference in Mice

Recently, we have shown that mice with decreased expression of α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (α7) in the olfactory bulb were associated with a deficit in odor discrimination compared to wild-type mice. However, it is unknown if mice with decreased α7-receptor expression also show a deficit in early odor learning preference (ELP), an enhanced behavioral response to odors with attractive value observed in rats. In this study, we modified ELP methods performed in rats and implemented similar conditions in mice. From post-natal days 5–18, wild-type mice were stroked simultaneously with an odor presentation (conditioned odor) for 90 s daily. Control mice were only stroked, exposed to odor, or neither. On the day of testing (P21), mice that were stroked in concert with a conditioned odor significantly investigated the conditioned odor compared to a novel odor, as observed similarly in rats. However, mice with a decrease in α7-receptor expression that were stroked during a conditioned odor did not show a behavioral response to that odorant. These results suggest that decreased α7-receptor expression has a role in associative learning, olfactory preference, and/or sensory processing deficits

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication