On purity in abelian groups and in modules

The purpose of this thesis is to study the elementary properties of pure subgroups of an abelian group, to use these properties to prove the Fundamental Theorem of Finitely Generated Abelian Groups, and to generalize the abelian group concept of purity to modules over a commutative ring. Many of the results of this paper are found in Kaplansky [4]. Chapter I defines a pure subgroup of an abelian group, and considers the behavior of purity with respect to direct summands, to divisible groups, to the operations of union and intersection, to homomorphisms, and to torsion and torsionfree groups. An easy method of obtaining pure subgroups of primary groups is discussed. Also, a characterization of an abelian group in which every subgroup is a pure subgroup is developed. In Chapter II, groups of bounded order are introduced. Pure subgroups which are direct sums of cyclic groups are then considered, and are used to prove that any group of bounded order is a direct sum of cyclic groups. The last major result of this chapter is using the concept of purity to prove the Fundamental Theorem of Finitely Generated Abelian Groups. Chapter III defines R-purity for modules over a commutative ring, defines injective modules, and defines the injective envelope of a module. The concept of a module being absolutely R-pure is introduced and is characterized. Several of the properties of pure subgroups of an abelian group are generalized to the module concept of R-purity

A method for the identification of the products from controlled-potential coulometry of p-nitrosophenol, p-nitrophenol, p-(p-hydroxyphenylazo) benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt

The aim of this study was to identify the controlled-potential coulometry products after electrolytic reduction of p-nitrosophenol, p-nitrophenol, p-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)- benzenesulfonic acid sodium salt, Orange I, and Orange II. Polarography was performed on all individual compounds in two buffer solutions at pH 4.9 and 11.8 using the dropping mercury electrode polarographic circuit. The resulting polarograms were used to select the controlled working electrode potentials for coulometry. Coulometry was conducted with the individual compounds and each pH buffer solution in a stirred mercury pool coulometry cell. The potential was controlled and the number of electrons (n) involved in the reduction process was determined with the aid of an electrical circuit whose output voltage was proportional to n. The coulometric reaction solutions were evaporated and the product residues were treated with silylating reagent to form silyl derivatives. The silyl derivatives increased product volatilities so that identification by gas chromatography was possible

If you've got time to lean...rethinking productivity [Slides]

Slides presented at the Library Association at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (LAUNC-CH) Conference held virtually on Monday, March 14, 202

Rankism and Marginalization in Academic Libraries

“When people are seeking help in your library, YOU are a librarian," shared Lori Special, former youth services consultant for the State Library of North Carolina and current University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG) library and information science (LIS) lecturer.1 The average library user does not see rank or title or affiliation; they see someone who can assist them, solve a problem, or provide a service. Yet, in many academic libraries, there are many levels of employees, even within a class, like students. There are also many categories of library workers-with titles and rights and responsibilities reflective of the overall academic culture in which they are placed. This stratification leads to much debate, discussion, and potential division within academic libraries. Libraries are entities that have been built upon classification and categorization, and these have been applied to internal human resources, as well as collections. These library or campus-designed classifications may promote rankism and employee marginalization. In the first section of this chapter, terminology, background, and context about these concepts will be explained. The overarching themes of rankism and marginalization will be explored next, followed by a discussion about empowering employees and valuing the dignity and engagement of all library workers. The related concepts of underemployment and role migration as well as retraining and career progression will be discussed in the following section. This chapter concludes with recommended areas for further research and a discussion regarding nomenclature, employee engagement, and employee value

Silenced and Siloed: Racism, Rankism and the Age of COVID [Slides]

Slides presented at the Critical Pedagogy Symposium held online May 17-19, 2021

Fostering the Evolution of Library Roles through Reframing

In the previous chapter, we began with a discussion about how end users view each and every library employee as a librarian. "When people are seeking help in your library, YOU are a librarian," stated former youth services consultant for the State Library of North Carolina and current University of North Carolina at Greensboro (UNCG) library and information science (LIS) lecturer Lori Special.1 The typical library user sees someone who can provide assistance or services or help them solve a problem; to them, every library employee is a librarian, regardless of rank or title or affiliation. Interactions such as the one described above have prompted academic library leadership to shift priorities over the past decade from a department-centered service model to a user-centered one. The more traditional model still exists, as libraries were once primarily concerned with the stewardship of physical collections and users relied upon library employee knowledge to access these resources. The physical collections' growth in academic libraries has diminished exponentially as the vast majority of library collection budgets are spent on electronic resource licenses and related acquisitions to reflect our users' preference for accessing our collections online. However, users still rely on library workers to access physical collections even though their use is in decline. This evolution from print to electronic resource management leaves the door open for library administrators and employees to reframe the ways that they think about the role of non-MI.JS degree-holding public services and other staff. The move toward single service points and roving assistance in the stacks presents an exciting opportunity for the library staff to build relationships with library users and promote the library's brand by providing personalized service anywhere at any time. This new model of user service also serves to enhance library staff knowledge holistically by way of a comprehensive professional development plan implemented and supported by the administration

Building Bridges & Boundaries: Transitioning to Online First-year Experience Instruction [Slides]

Presentation given at LAUNC-CH 2022 on March 14, 2022 related to the experience of transitioning library instruction for large enrollment introductory courses from an in-person format to an online format. Panel presentation

Core outcome domains for early-phase clinical trials of sound-, psychology-, and pharmacology-based interventions to manage chronic subjective tinnitus in adults: the COMIT'ID study protocol for using a Delphi process and face-to-face meetings to establish consensus

Background: The reporting of outcomes in clinical trials of subjective tinnitus indicates that many different tinnitus-related complaints are of interest to investigators, from perceptual attributes of the sound (e.g. loudness) to psychosocial impacts (e.g. quality of life). Even when considering one type of intervention strategy for subjective tinnitus, there is no agreement about what is critically important for deciding whether a treatment is effective. The main purpose of this observational study is therefore to develop Core Outcome Domain Sets for the three different intervention strategies (sound, psychological, and pharmacological) for adults with chronic subjective tinnitus that should be measured and reported in every clinical trial of these interventions. Secondary objectives are to identify the strengths and limitations of our study design for recruiting and reducing attrition of participants, and to explore uptake of the core outcomes. Methods: The ‘Core Outcome Measures in Tinnitus: International Delphi’ (COMIT’ID) study will use a mixed methods approach that incorporates input from healthcare users at the pre-Delphi stage, a modified three round Delphi survey and final consensus meetings (one for each intervention). The meetings will generate recommendations by stakeholder representatives on agreed Core Outcome Domain Sets specific to each intervention. A subsequent step will establish a common cross-cutting Core Outcome Domain Set by identifying the common outcome domains included in all three intervention-specific Core Outcome Domain Sets. To address the secondary objectives, we will gather feedback from participants about their experience of taking part in the Delphi process. We aspire to conduct an observational cohort study to evaluate uptake of the core outcomes in published studies at 7 years following core outcome set publication. Discussion: The COMIT’ID study aims to develop a Core Outcome Domain Set that are agreed as critically important for deciding whether a treatment for subjective tinnitus is effective. Such a recommendation would help to standardise future clinical trials worldwide and so we will determine if participation increases use of the core outcome set in the long term. Trial registration: This project has been registered in the database of the Core Outcome Measures in Effectiveness Trials (COMET) initiative

Jet energy measurement with the ATLAS detector in proton-proton collisions at root s=7 TeV

The jet energy scale and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 38 pb-1. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0. 4 or R=0. 6. Jet energy and angle corrections are determined from Monte Carlo simulations to calibrate jets with transverse momenta pT≥20 GeV and pseudorapidities {pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy systematic uncertainty is estimated using the single isolated hadron response measured in situ and in test-beams, exploiting the transverse momentum balance between central and forward jets in events with dijet topologies and studying systematic variations in Monte Carlo simulations. The jet energy uncertainty is less than 2. 5 % in the central calorimeter region ({pipe}η{pipe}<0. 8) for jets with 60≤pT<800 GeV, and is maximally 14 % for pT<30 GeV in the most forward region 3. 2≤{pipe}η{pipe}<4. 5. The jet energy is validated for jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV to the level of a few percent using several in situ techniques by comparing a well-known reference such as the recoiling photon pT, the sum of the transverse momenta of tracks associated to the jet, or a system of low-pT jets recoiling against a high-pT jet. More sophisticated jet calibration schemes are presented based on calorimeter cell energy density weighting or hadronic properties of jets, aiming for an improved jet energy resolution and a reduced flavour dependence of the jet response. The systematic uncertainty of the jet energy determined from a combination of in situ techniques is consistent with the one derived from single hadron response measurements over a wide kinematic range. The nominal corrections and uncertainties are derived for isolated jets in an inclusive sample of high-pT jets. Special cases such as event topologies with close-by jets, or selections of samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks, heavy quarks or gluons are also discussed and the corresponding uncertainties are determined. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the ATLAS collaboration

Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in √sNN=5.02 TeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector

Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (Δϕ) and pseudorapidity (Δη) are measured in √sNN=5.02  TeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1  μb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ΣETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Δη|<5) “near-side” (Δϕ∼0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ΣETPb. A long-range “away-side” (Δϕ∼π) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ΣETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Δη and Δϕ) and ΣETPb dependence. The resultant Δϕ correlation is approximately symmetric about π/2, and is consistent with a dominant cos⁡2Δϕ modulation for all ΣETPb ranges and particle pT