Nasal cavity diseases of small ruminants in Federal District and Goiás State, Brazil

As enfermidades que acometem a cavidade nasal de pequenos ruminantes podem causar prejuízos aos rebanhos de ovinos e caprinos na região central do Brasil. Foi realizado estudo retrospectivo dos laudos de necropsia do Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária da Universidade de Brasília (LPV-UnB) nos anos de 2003 a 2014 para verificar a ocorrência das doenças que acometeram a cavidade nasal de pequenos ruminantes. Foram analisados 463 protocolos de ovinos e 75 de caprinos totalizando 538 casos. Seis ovinos (6/463 1,29%) foram necropsiados com rinite granulomatosa micótica ou oomicótica e 22 animais do estudo (22/538; 4,08%) tiveram o diagnóstico de oestrose, sendo 86,36% ovinos e 13,64% caprinos. As rinites piogranulomatosas em ovinos ocorreram em áreas alagadas, com abundante material vegetal em decomposição. Os ovinos com pitiose rinofacial apresentaram como principais alterações aumento de volume na região nasal devido a extensas lesões granulomatosas associadas a necrose tecidual, caracterizadas por inúmeros macrófagos e polimorfonucleares circundando centros necróticos contendo o agente envolto por reação de Splendore-Hoeppli. Os ovinos com conidiobolomicose exibiram extensas áreas de necrose e inflamação piogranulomatosa, associadas à presença de hifas fúngicas na nasofaringe e também na região peribulbar e exoftalmia. A maioria dos animais com oestrose não apresentou alterações clínico-patológicas significativas, apesar de serem encontradas larvas principalmente nos seios e conchas nasais, traqueia e seio paranasal. A importância dessas enfermidades ainda é pouco conhecida na região, sendo de grande relevância que as condições clínico-patológicas e epidemiológicas sejam elucidadas para o diagnóstico, o controle e a prevenção, para evitar a expansão e prejuízos para os rebanhos.Nasal cavity diseases that affect small ruminants can cause losses to sheep and goat herds in Central Brazil. A retrospective study of the University of Brasilia´s Veterinary Pathology Laboratory autopsy reports from 2003 to 2014 was conducted to verify the occurrence of small ruminants nasal cavity diseases. Six necropsied sheep (6/463 1.29%) showed mycotic or oomicotic granulomatous rhinitis and 22 animals (22/538, 4.08%) presented oestrosis diagnosis, affecting 86.36% of sheep and 13.64% of goats. The pyogranulomatous rhinitis in sheep occurred in flooded areas with abundant plant material decomposing. Rhinofacial pythiosis infection in animals showed as major changes swelling in the nasal region due to extensive granulomatous lesions associated with tissue necrosis, characterized by numerous macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells surrounding necrotic centers containing the agent surrounded by Splendore-Hoeppli reaction. Sheep with conidiobolomycosis showed extensive areas of necrosis and pyogranulomatous inflammation associated with fungal hyphae, localized in the nasopharynx and also in peribulbar region and exophthalmia. Most animals with oestrosis showed no significant clinical and pathological changes, even with the presence of larvae mainly in the sinuses and nasal turbinates, trachea and paranasal sinus. The importance of such diseases is still unknown in the region, and the knowledge of the clinical-pathological and epidemiological conditions is of great relevance for the diagnosis, control and prevention to avoid the expansion and losses to livestock

Copper deficiency in swine: clinical-pathologic characterization

São relatados dois casos de deficiência de cobre em suínos (A e B), fêmeas, sem raça definida, de três meses de idade, provenientes de propriedade rural em Planaltina, GO. Os animais apresentavam incoordenação, paresia de membros pélvicos, com progressão para os membros torácicos e andar com flexão da articulação metacarpo-falangeana. Na propriedade de origem dos animais, outros dois suínos apresentavam atrofia da musculatura da coxa e posição sentada quando parados. O rebanho recebia dieta não-balanceada constituída por milho, soro de leite e sobras de lavoura. Na necropsia, não foram observadas alterações significativas, mas histologicamente havia vacuolização periaxonal multifocal no tronco encefálico e na medula espinhal, quantidade discreta de esferoides axonais e macrófagos no interior dos vacúolos. A coloração com azul rápido de luxol (ARL) para mielina demonstrou que as áreas de vacuolização caracterizavam focos de desmielinização. Amostras de fígado dos dois suínos apresentaram níveis de cobre muito abaixo do normal, de 13,1 partes por milhão (ppm) (suíno A) e 5,7ppm (suíno B). Este trabalho descreve dois casos de desmielinização medular e de tronco encefálico devido à deficiência de cobre em suínos jovens.Two cases of copper deficiency are described in three-month-old female crossbred piglets from a swine herd in Planaltina, GO. The animals presented incoordination, hindlimbs paresis progressing to the forelimbs, and gait with flexion of the metacarpofalangeal articulation. On the farm of origin of the animals, other two piglets presented atrophy of thigh muscle and sitting position when in station. The herd was fed with unbalanced diet consisting of corn, whey and leftover crop. On necropsy no significant changes were observed, but histologically there was multifocal periaxonal vacuolization in the brainstem and in spinal cord, discrete amount of axonal spheroids and macrophages in the vacuoles. The luxol fast blue (LFB) stain for myelin showed that the vacuolated sites represent demyelinated areas. Liver sample of the two piglets had very low copper levels, 13.1 parts per million (ppm) in swine A and 5.7 (ppm) in swine B. This paper describes two cases of spinal cord and brainstem demyelination due to copper deficiency in piglets

Carcinoma simples tubular mamário em Rattus Novergicus/ Mammary tubular simple carcinoma in Rattus Novergicus – case report

Tumores de origem na glândula mamária em ratas são frequentes, sendo o carcinoma mais prevalente. O carcinoma mamário é caracterizado pelo comportamento maligno, com relatos de metástase pulmonar em diversas espécies, e de prognóstico reservado. A excisão tumoral é o mais indicado para fins terapêuticos e diagnósticos, por permitir o exame histopatológico. Relata-se um caso de carcinoma mamário em uma fêmea twister (Rattus novergicus), com 30 meses de idade, atendida em uma Universidade de Brasília, apresentando dois nódulos em glândulas mamárias, removidos cirurgicamente. Em posterior exame histopatológico, constatou-se carcinoma simples tubular mamário. A intervenção cirúrgica lhe garantiu qualidade de vida e a paciente veio a óbito após 6 meses, apresentando crescimento de nódulo em região torácica direita. Não sendo autorizado pelo tutor nova excisão cirúrgica

Brachiaria spp. poisoning in sheep in Central Brazil

Brachiaria spp. é a principal forrageira utilizada para ruminantes no Brasil Central, mas a sua toxicidade, devida à presença de saponinas esteroidais, torna-se um importante entrave à sua utilização. Neste trabalho descrevem-se 34 surtos e um foco de intoxicação por Brachiaria spp em ovinos, que ocorreram em diferentes épocas do ano. A morbidade geral foi de 23,2% e a letalidade foi 88,3%. O tempo que os animais permaneceram no pasto até o surgimento dos sinais clínicos da intoxicação por Brachiaria spp. variou de 15 dias até mais de 12 meses. Em 90,1% dos surtos os animais eram menores de 12 meses de idade. O curso clínico da intoxicação variou de 2 a 45 dias. Os sinais clínicos e as lesões macroscópicas foram características de fotossenssibilização hepatógena, no entanto, nos casos mais agudos não foram observadas dermatite nem icterícia, ocorrendo severo edema em face e orelhas. Na histologia do fígado as lesões mais características foram a presença de macrófagos com citoplasma espumoso, encontrados principalmente nos sinusoides hepáticos e, às vezes, com imagens negativas de cristais acutiformes no citoplasma. Em oito das 11 fazendas visitadas os surtos ocorreram em pastagens de Brachiaria decumbens; em duas em pastagens de B. brizantha e uma em pastagem de B. decumbens, B. humidicola e Andropogon sp. As concentrações de saponinas nas pastagens, em 5 surtos, variou de 0.3% a 2.56%. As informações geradas neste trabalho permitem a proposta de medidas para controle e profilaxia da intoxicação por Brachiaria spp. no Brasil Central.Brachiaria spp. is the main pasture for ruminants in Central-Brazil, but the crucial problem for their utilization is the toxicity due to the presence of steroidal saponins. This paper reports 35 outbreaks of poisoning by Brachiaria spp in sheep. The poisoning occurred in different seasons of the year. Mean morbidity was 23.2% and mean lethality was 88.3%. The occurrence of clinical signs after the introduction of the sheep into the pastures varied from 15 days to more than 12 months. In 90.1% of the outbreaks, sheep younger than 12 months of age were affected. Clinical signs and gross lesions were characteristic of hepatogenous photosensitization, but more acute cases showed edema of the face and ears, without dermatitis or jaundice. The main histologic lesions of the liver were the presence of macrophages with foamy cytoplasm, found mainly in sinusoids, and sometimes containing negative images of crystals. In eight out of 11 farms visited the outbreaks occurred in Brachiaria decumbens pastures, two in B. brizantha pastures, and one in a pasture of B. decumbens, B. humidicola, and Andropogon sp. Saponin concentrations in the pastures of 11 outbreaks varied from 0.3 to 2.56%. The information generated by this report allows the proposal of measures for control and prevention of Brachiaria spp. poisoning in Central-Brazil

Nervous form of caprine arthritis-encephalitis

São descritos dois casos de caprinos, fêmeas, mestiços da raça Saanen de dois meses de idade com sinais clínicos de paresia de membros posteriores, incoordenação, dificuldade respiratória e caquexia, que foram submetidos à eutanásia, devido ao prognóstico desfavorável. Na necropsia, observou-se congestão do sistema nervoso central (SNC) e consolidação pulmonar nos dois caprinos. Microscopicamente, as alterações foram caracterizadas por leucoencefalomielite linfoplasmocítica multifocal, com vacuolização do neurópilo e esferoides axonais, leptomeningite, pneumonia intersticial não supurativa no caprino A e broncopneumonia bacteriana no caprino B. O exame de imuno-histoquímica (IHQ) foi positivo para o vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina em fragmento de tálamo. A prova de imunodifusão em gel de ágar (IDGA) foi realizada em vinte animais do rebanho de origem e dezesseis animais foram positivos. O diagnóstico da forma nervosa da infecção pelo vírus da artrite-encefalite caprina (CAEV) foi baseado no quadro clínico-patológico, IHQ e IDGA. Esta apresentação clínica da CAE pode ser pouco comum no Brasil, mas deve ser considerada em caso de doenças neurológicas em pequenos ruminantes.Two cases are described of female goats, Saanen crossbreds, two months old, with clinical signs of hind limb paresis, incoordination, difficulty breathing and cachexia, which were subjected to euthanasia due to unfavorable prognosis. At necropsy it was possible to observe that there was congestion of the central nervous system (CNS) and pulmonary consolidation in both goats. Microscopic changes were characterized by multifocal lymphoplasmacytic leucoencephalomielitis, with vacuolization of neuropile and axonal spheroids, leptomeningitis, interstitial nonsupurative pneumonia in goat A and bacterial bronchopneumonia in goat B. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was positive for the caprine arthritis - encephalitis virus in thalamus fragments. The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test was performed in sera sample of twenty animals and sixteen resulted positive. Diagnosis of the nervous form of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) infection was based on clinical and pathological status, IHC and AGID. This clinical presentation of CAE could be uncommon in Brazil, but must be considered in case of neurologic diseases in small ruminants

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass