Italian Abolitionism in Late and Post Ottoman Libya (1890 – 1929)

This paper focuses on Italian abolitionism in Libya framing the actions of consular offices, Ottoman administration, colonial authority, Catholic missions and antislavery committees in a trans-imperial perspective. It investigates Italy’s imperialist strategies in the Mediterranean area through antislavery mobilization. After analyzing the importance of antislavery networks for Italian colonial purposes, it then discusses how abolitionism and antislavery actions affected enslaved people’s mobility in the central Mediterranean, focusing on the case of the mission for manumitted children in the outskirts of Benghazi and the (failed) project of its relocation to the Eritrean colony in 1910. This paper aims to assess not only the Italian antislavery activities carried out after the Anti-Slavery Conference of 1890 but also the persistence of slavery in Libya throughout the colonial period

Tunis in the Global Radical Web: Diasporas, Transnational Anarchism, and Labor Movements (1887–1912)

The paper focuses on the Italian-speaking anarchists of the end of the nineteenth century and their involvement and legacy in trade union movements and strikes in Tunis during the first decade of the twentieth century. A perspective privileging the internationalist and trade-unionist activities, and their impact on that specific colonial context, avoids the dangers of a rigid ethnoscape and methodological nationalism. Even though most of the actors of this story were considered by the states as Italian nationals, their conflictual (at least for the anarchists) nationality helps us to understand the complexity of the national-cultural belonging of subversive migrants in the Imperial Mediterranean. The ideological struggle on the subversive legacy of Giuseppe Garibaldi at the end of the nineteenth century and the conflictual relations of the trade unions with consular authorities at the beginning of the twentieth century showed an Italian-speaking internationalism in the Southern Mediterranean shore, tightly connected with the European and the American areas. Based on understudied diplomatic, colonial, and police records, this research aims at analyzing the attempts of an international working-class movement in a hierarchical colonial situation also through Italian, French, and Tunisian sources

La repressione del movimento contadino in Sicilia (1944-1950)

Il paesaggio agrario della Sicilia nel secondo dopoguerra era ancora dominato dalle grandi proprietà terriere. Il movimento contadino, incentivato dal decreto Gullo del 19 ottobre 1944 che distribuiva i terreni incolti o mal coltivati a cooperative di contadini, si oppose a questo sistema attraverso l’occupazione dei latifondi. Gli agrari si difesero utilizzando vie legali, ma non solo. L’articolo descrive il patto agrario-mafioso messo in atto per reprimere questa mobilitazione. Vengono analizzate in particolare le uccisioni dei dirigenti del movimento contadino Placido Rizzotto e Giuseppe Maniaci, per mostrare il grado di collaborazione che si venne ad instaurare tra alcuni esponenti delle forze di pubblica sicurezza e la mafia.After the World War, Sicilian rural areas were still under the control of big farmers. Peasant movements opposed to them through land reclamation and occupation of latifundia. ‘Gullo’ decree, granted on 19th October 1944, propelled these movements by conceding uncultivated lands to peasant cooperatives. Landowners replied to this dynamic not only through legal means: this article focuses on the coalition between landowners and local mafia in order to repress this mobilization. It analyzes in particular the killings of Placido Rizzotto and Giuseppe Maniaci to enlighten the collaboration among some representatives of national armed forces and mafia

Introduction

This book aims to suggest an analysis of the conflict that focuses on three crucial points. The first is related to space. It is now evident that the framework of the nation-state is too circumscribed and does not capture the complexity of the relations that came into being at local, national and international levels. In this regard, we find particularly penalising the conventional approach that tends to investigate WWI in Africa and the Middle East as two separate settings, a view that unfortunately is still prevalent. Also, WWI studies have tended to examine the conflict within the geographical contours created by the area studies paradigm. Adopted in the 1950s, the area studies model has been under scrutiny since the mid-1990s.73 The artificial disjuncture between Sub-Saharan Africa, North Africa, and the Middle East reveals all its inadequacies when we deal with the Horn of Africa, an area strongly connected to the neighboring regions. Our choice to focus on a territory which stretches from Libya to Ethiopia and encompasses the Yemen and Middle East is an attempt to overcome this hiatus. Erasing the artificial lines that divide the Horn of Africa from the wider Red Sea region allows approaches that offer a greater understanding of the dynamics at work during WWI. Ours is only a partial attempt to address this methodological limit. But we are aware that Shar\u12bf Husayn\u2019s break with the Ottomans and the volatile situation in Yemen and along the Red Sea deserves more attention from scholars of African history

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements