Infrared spectrophotometric analysis of serum triglycerides

In recent years elevated levels of serum triglycerides have become of increasing importance in the field of medical technology. Abnormally high triglycerides have been claimed to be a major cause of numerous diseases and illnesses. Fredrickson and his associates (7, 15) have introduced a system for classifying hyperlipidemia and in all classes elevated triglycerides is a major laboratory finding. Disorders include obesity, diabetes, pancreatitis, xanthomatosis, hypothyroidism, and liver and kidney diseases; but most important is atherosclerosis Some work has been done in the development of new methods of serum triglyceride analyses. The most advanced work makes use of an automated analyzer of the type produced by Technicon Corporation under the trademark AutoAnalyzer. This instrument determines the serum levels by the same method as above but at a faster rate, but the equipment is costly. A second method makes use of light scattering indices (nephelometry) to assess serum triglycerides. Work in this area has been done by Helman, Blevins, and Gleason (12). Their results were consistent, in most cases, with those of the colorimetric method. Of the thirty Fredrickson classifications they made by nephelometry twenty-one were in agreement with manual methods. However, Baty and Batsakis (1) have concluded that nephelometry provides too indirect an assay to give consistent results for serum triglycerides. A third method employs chromatography and infrared spectrophotometry. Freeman, Lindgren, Ng, and Nichols (8) showed that first, the lipids could be separated by chromatographic techniques, and then the extraction could be analyzed by infrared measurements. However, it is found that fractionating the lipid leads to error and is quite time consuming. Still other methods use phenylhydrazine (13, 16), mercaptoacetic acid (5), or oxidation to yield aldehydes, which are then thin-layer chromatographed (18). In light of the numerous above methods and the error and time involved in analysis, the development of a new improved method with the time factor in mind was attempted. The use of infrared spectrophotometry was employed, but without the use of any prior extractions. It is hoped that this technique can give accurate and consistent values for triglyceride levels with a minimum amount of time expended. The new method should also be easy to install with a simplified procedure which would minimize error

In the Round: The Future of Food

In collaboration with PopTech, the Center for Complexity (CfC) hosted a two day convening in March 2019 to discuss the future of food, conducted in-the-round. Conversations-in-the-round offer an experimental and collaborative forum where a variety of perspectives collide to reimagine how we should approach navigating complex challenges. 30 professionals, community leaders, ag-tech startups, policymakers, local activists, global aid administrators, and many other important voices in the food industry were in attendance. We did not set out to create solutions, rather we devoted our time to exploration — a process that allowed us to assess, discover, reality-check, and strategically plan the next phase of the journey. A publication was created to capture the discussions, workshops, proposals, deign principles and actionable next steps. The outcomes of this first convening will guide what comes next. Our aim is to initiate a series of projects conducted by the CfC and our partners to advance the future of food according to shared design principles. We are working with PopTech to host further convenings.https://digitalcommons.risd.edu/cfc_projectsprograms_globalsecurity_futureoffood/1000/thumbnail.jp

Infrared spectrophotometric analysis of serum triglycerides

In recent years elevated levels of serum triglycerides have become of increasing importance in the field of medical technology. Abnormally high triglycerides have been claimed to be a major cause of numerous diseases and illnesses. Fredrickson and his associates (7, 15) have introduced a system for classifying hyperlipidemia and in all classes elevated triglycerides is a major laboratory finding. Disorders include obesity, diabetes, pancreatitis, xanthomatosis, hypothyroidism, and liver and kidney diseases; but most important is atherosclerosis Some work has been done in the development of new methods of serum triglyceride analyses. The most advanced work makes use of an automated analyzer of the type produced by Technicon Corporation under the trademark AutoAnalyzer. This instrument determines the serum levels by the same method as above but at a faster rate, but the equipment is costly. A second method makes use of light scattering indices (nephelometry) to assess serum triglycerides. Work in this area has been done by Helman, Blevins, and Gleason (12). Their results were consistent, in most cases, with those of the colorimetric method. Of the thirty Fredrickson classifications they made by nephelometry twenty-one were in agreement with manual methods. However, Baty and Batsakis (1) have concluded that nephelometry provides too indirect an assay to give consistent results for serum triglycerides. A third method employs chromatography and infrared spectrophotometry. Freeman, Lindgren, Ng, and Nichols (8) showed that first, the lipids could be separated by chromatographic techniques, and then the extraction could be analyzed by infrared measurements. However, it is found that fractionating the lipid leads to error and is quite time consuming. Still other methods use phenylhydrazine (13, 16), mercaptoacetic acid (5), or oxidation to yield aldehydes, which are then thin-layer chromatographed (18). In light of the numerous above methods and the error and time involved in analysis, the development of a new improved method with the time factor in mind was attempted. The use of infrared spectrophotometry was employed, but without the use of any prior extractions. It is hoped that this technique can give accurate and consistent values for triglyceride levels with a minimum amount of time expended. The new method should also be easy to install with a simplified procedure which would minimize error

Reaction pathways and mechanisms of photodegradation of pesticides

The photodegradation of pesticides is reviewed, with particular reference to the studies that describe the mechanisms of the processes involved, the nature of reactive intermediates and final products. Potential use of photochemical processes in advanced oxidation methods for water treatment is also discussed. Processes considered include direct photolysis leading to homolysis or heterolysis of the pesticide, photosensitized photodegradation by singlet oxygen and a variety of metal complexes, photolysis in heterogeneous media and degradation by reaction with intermediates generated by photolytic or radiolytic means.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TH0-45G0043-1/1/46ea2e05c23dd9de81f3094356ba708