Concepciones de profesores de ciencias naturales sobre la enseñanza de las fuentes hídricas desde una perspectiva de la educación ambiental.

Esta investigación, que se centra en caracterizar las concepciones de los profesores de ciencias naturales con respecto a la enseñanza de las fuentes hídricas desde un enfoque ambiental, se llevó a cabo en tres instituciones educativas oficiales del municipio de Planeta Rica, zona geográfica del sur de la costa colombiana en la cual la biodisponibilidad de las fuentes hídricas es escasa. Desde una perspectiva cualitativa y bajo el enfoque de estudio de caso, se aplican dos cuestionarios y una entrevista para develar los conocimientos y creencias de los participantes. Analizados los datos obtenidos, se encuentra que los maestros identifican las problemáticas ambientales asociadas con las fuentes hídricas, pero desde una dimensión físico-natural del ambiente, lo cual lleva a que las experiencias para integrar la educación ambiental a sus propuestas pedagógicas estén mediadas por una perspectiva ecologista conservacionista, que no favorece el desarrollo de estrategias para la enseñanza y aprendizaje con un enfoque holístico e integralEsta investigación, que se centra en caracterizar las concepciones de los profesores de ciencias naturales con respecto a la enseñanza de las fuentes hídricas desde un enfoque ambiental, se llevó a cabo en tres instituciones educativas oficiales del municipio de Planeta Rica, zona geográfica del sur de la costa colombiana en la cual la biodisponibilidad de las fuentes hídricas es escasa. Desde una perspectiva cualitativa y bajo el enfoque de estudio de caso, se aplican dos cuestionarios y una entrevista para develar los conocimientos y creencias de los participantes. Analizados los datos obtenidos, se encuentra que los maestros identifican las problemáticas ambientales asociadas con las fuentes hídricas, pero desde una dimensión físico-natural del ambiente, lo cual lleva a que las experiencias para integrar la educación ambiental a sus propuestas pedagógicas estén mediadas por una perspectiva ecologista conservacionista, que no favorece el desarrollo de estrategias para la enseñanza y aprendizaje con un enfoque holístico e integra

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia Departamento de Sucre y San Andrés.

La imagen y la narrativa como herramientas para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia Departamento de Sucre y San Andrés.El presente informe da evidencia de la apropiación de los contenidos temáticos propuestos en el Diplomado de Profundización de Acompañamiento Psicosocial en Escenarios de Violencia donde se revisó cada una de las unidades dispuestas en el entorno correspondiente, relacionadas a la realidad psicosocial subyacente al posconflicto en base a diversos estudios, y bagaje teórico respecto a la temática central del estudio “la violencia” en sus diversas formas y su impacto en la sociedad , y con especial atención en las víctimas directas del conflicto armado quienes han tenido que sufrir el amargo sinsabor de las afectaciones a nivel social, económico, psicológico físico , y familiar. A partir del abordaje de contextos desde un enfoque narrativo se realiza un análisis exhaustivo de los relatos de vida presentados, permitiéndonos visibilizar y dimensionar la forma y compresión del mundo desde una perspectiva subjetiva internalizada producto de las vivencias y experiencias traumáticas del postconflicto armado ,que a la luz no son factibles de identificar, pero que recrean diversas formas de legitimar la violencia social y política de nuestro país, permitiéndonos poder analizar y extraer posibles factores y herramientas que permitan de-construir para construir una nueva realidad social y proyecto de vida desde el punto de vista de sobreviviente, de tal manera que se logre orientar y asentar las bases de una nueva realidad que posibilite el proceso de resiliencia social en los afectados, desde el marco de atención y acompañamiento psicosocial en los diversos escenarios de violencia con la finalidad de garantizar el restablecimiento de sus derechos, para el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida , pero sobre todo para evitar la re victimización de las personas afectado en el marco del postconflicto.This report gives evidence of the appropriation of the thematic contents proposed in the Diploma of Deepening of Psychosocial Accompaniment in Scenarios of Violence where each of the units arranged in the corresponding environment, related to the psychosocial reality underlying the post-conflict was reviewed based on various studies, and theoretical background regarding the central theme of the study "violence" in its various forms and its impact on society, and with special attention on the direct victims of the armed conflict who have had to suffer the bitter distress of the affectations at a social, economic, physical, and family level. From the approach of contexts from a narrative approach an exhaustive analysis of the life stories presented is made, allowing us to make visible and dimension the shape and compression of the world from an internalized subjective perspective product of the experiences and traumatic experiences of the armed post-conflict, which The light is not feasible to identify, but they recreate various ways of legitimizing the social and political violence of our country, allowing us to analyze and extract possible factors and tools that allow de-build to build a new social reality and life project from the point of view of the survivor, in such a way that it is possible to guide and lay the foundations of a new reality that enables the process of social resilience in those affected, from the framework of psychosocial care and accompaniment in the various scenarios 4 of violence in order to guarantee the restoration of their rights, to the improvement of the quality of life, but above all to prevent the revictimization of the people affected in the context of the post-conflict

Análisis histórico del retroceso glaciar en el nevado del Ruiz considerando el fenómeno de El Niño-Oscilación del Sur

This study analyzes the glacier retreat of Nevado del Ruíz with 27 images from the Landsat satellite with a monitoring period that begins in 1976 and goes until 2018. The images were processed to discriminate the glacier area using the spectral index NDSI (Normalized Difference Snow Index). The glacier area was extracted using the unsupervised classification by the K-Means classifier. The glacier area obtained from each image was associated with the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) value corresponding to the date of each image, analyzing the influence of the warm and cold cycles of the ENSO (El Niño - Southern Oscillation) in the glacier area variation. To validate this relationship, a function described by a Fourier series with an R2 of 0.76 was adjusted, the function allowed associating the glacial area variation with the ENSO oscillations. A summation function of Breasts relating the glacier area and time was also adjusted, however, this function was not sufficient to predict a date of thawing of the glacier. The analysis of the results obtained from the time series shows that the glacier is affected in ENSO periods of high temperatures (El Niño), losing a good part of its glacier area and recovering it in colder ENSO periods (La Niña), contradicting the studies define the loss of glacial area with a negative linear function.En este estudio se analiza el retroceso glaciar del nevado del Ruiz con 27 imágenes del satélite Landsat con un periodo de monitoreo que inicia en el año 1976 y va hasta 2018. Las imágenes fueron procesadas para lograr discriminar el área glaciar usando el índice espectral NDSI (normalized difference snow index). El área glaciar fue extraída mediante una clasificación no supervisada por el clasificador K-Means. Al área glaciar obtenida de cada imagen se le asoció el valor de oceanic Niño index (ONI) correspondiente a la fecha de cada imagen, analizando la influencia de los ciclos cálidos y fríos de El Niño-Oscilación del Sur (ENSO, por su sigla en inglés) en la variación de área glaciar. Para validar esta relación se ajustó una función descrita por una serie de Fourier con un  de 0,76, la función permitió asociar la variación de área glaciar con las oscilaciones ENSO. Una función de suma de senos relacionando el área glaciar y tiempo también fue ajustada, sin embargo, esta función no fue suficiente para predecir una fecha de descongelamiento del glaciar. El análisis de los resultados obtenidos de la serie de tiempo muestra que el glaciar es afectado en periodos ENSO de altas temperaturas (El Niño), perdiendo gran parte de su área glaciar y recuperándola en periodos ENSO más fríos (La Niña), contradiciendo los estudios que definen la pérdida de área glaciar con una función lineal negativa

Consumo de Antibióticos y su Relación con el Desarrollo de Anemia Hemolítica Autoinmune

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is characterized as an immune disorder in which there is the presence of antibodies directed against antigens present in the erythrocyte membrane, resulting in a decrease in the half-life or destruction of red blood cells. According to its epidemiology, it can occur at any age and its causes can be varied, and even its association with the consumption of different drugs such as antibiotics, especially penicillins and cephalosporins, although it is rare, it is of great importance due to the impact on quality. of the patient's life. Therefore, we carried out a bibliographic search of articles in English and Spanish in different databases, resulting in different case reports that reveal the relationship in the development of autoimmune hemolytic anemia as a consequence of the consumption of antibiotics.La anemia hemolítica autoinmune se caracteriza por ser un trastorno de carácter inmunitario en el cual se da la presencia de anticuerpos dirigidos contra antígenos presentes en la membrana eritrocitaria dando como consecuencia la disminución de la vida media o destrucción de los hematíes. Según su epidemiología, puede presentarse a cualquier edad y sus causas pueden ser variadas, e incluso su asociación con el consumo de diferentes fármacos como los antibióticos, especialmente penicilinas y cefalosporinas, aunque es poco frecuente es de gran importancia debido a la afectación de la calidad de vida del paciente. Por ende, realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos en inglés y español en diferentes bases de datos dando como resultado diferentes reportes de casos que nos dan a conocer la relación en el desarrollo de anemia hemolítica autoinmune como consecuencia del consumo de antibióticos

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014–2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Vesterålen margin, offshore northern Norway

Available 2D multi-channel seismic profiles and a 3D seismic survey are utilized together with potential field and limited well data to study the Late Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the Vesterålen margin offshore northern Norway. The analysis resulted in an updated structural and stratigraphic framework, together with new and better refined structural elements for the Vesterålen margin. Distinct along-margin basin segmentation is evident through NW-SE trending curvilinear transfer zones informally named as the Jennegga transfer zone, Vesterålen transfer zone system, and Andøya transfer zone. These divide the study area into three main margin segments, namely the northern Lofoten, Vesterålen, and Andøya segments. Five main rift phases of varying intensity have been recognised and refined, and they are evidenced by eight mapped fault families: pre-Jurassic, Late Jurassic-earliest Cretaceous, Aptian-Albian, Albian-Cenomanian, three individual fault families within Late Cretaceous, and Paleocene. Furthermore, fault heave and displacement measurements were undertaken within the North Utrøst Ridge Fault Complex (NURFC) that exhibits prominent low-angle detachment faults of Cretaceous strata. The analysis demonstrated a progressively northwards increase of fault heave and displacement intensity from ~3 km in the south to ~7-8 km in the north of the study area, and a maximum stretching factor defined by fault geometry (βf) of ~1.7. These values when compared to the crustal stretching (i.e. >3) and thinning (0.7-0.9) factors required to achieve the observed extension on the >300-km-width extended NE Greenland-Vesterålen conjugate margins reveal an apparent extension discrepancy. Fault population analysis suggests that only ~14% of extension is seen from the faults on seismic profiles in the NURFC. Finally, a conceptual tectonic multiphase evolution model for lithospheric extension is proposed for the NE Greenland-Vesterålen conjugate margins, consisting of a lower and upper plate configuration. This model elaborates the more ductile mode of deformation evidenced by the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene low-angle detachment fault complexes on both conjugate margins and the asymmetry in crustal structure at the time of continental rupture at the Paleocene-Eocene transition. The study shows that the Vesterålen margin represents an essential area to study the tectono-stratigraphic evolution of the NE Atlantic margins

CONJUGATE RESIDUAL METHODS FOR ALMOST SYMMETRIC LINEAR SYSTEMS

This study concerns the use of conjugate residual methods for the solution of nonsymmetric linear systems arising from seismic inverse problems. We focus on an application which has two distinguishing features. The first feature is that the linear system is not readily available. The second feature is that the linear system is almost symmetric. We state and prove a new convergence theorem for a class of Generalized Conjugate Residual methods which shows that in some cases the perturbed symmetric problem can be solved with an error bound similar to the one for the symmetric case

Deflated Krylov Subspace Methods for Nearly Singular Linear Systems

This paper concerns the use of Krylov subspace methods for the solution of nearly singular nonsymmetric linear systems. We show that the Incomplete Orthogonalization Methods (IOM) in conjunction with certain deflation techniques of Stewart and Chan can be used to solve large nonsymmetric linear systems which are nearly singular