374 research outputs found

    Inductive Power Transfer: Past, Current, and Future Research

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    Electric vehicle (EV) technology has proven to be a propulsion technology of the future but urgently needs to address challenges such as lower-priced, reasonably sized EV for higher market penetration, higher life cycle efficiency, and increased power density. Range extension, in particular, in urban scenarios is critical. Inductive power transfer (IPT) technology solves simultaneously the electric hazard risks of conventional power cord battery chargers, but specially EV limited autonomy and related anxiety and even security. In this context, this chapter presents the past, current, and future research areas of IPT systems. A review of the main resonant compensation networks and prominent geometries of magnetic couplers is presented. Then, future research areas namely dynamic IPT and in-wheel IPT solutions are introduced along with their main challenges

    Single photon emission computed tomography, invasive coronary angiography and cardiac computed tomography angiography

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    Introduction: Diagnostic tests that use ionizing radiation play a central role in cardiology and their use has grown in recent years, leading to increasing concerns about their potential stochas-tic effects. The aims of this study were to compare the radiation dose of three diagnostic tests: single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), invasive coronary angiography (ICA) and cardiac computed tomography (cardiac CT) and their evolution over time, and to assess the influence of body mass index on radiation dose. Methods: We assessed consecutive patients included in three prospective registries (SPECT, ICA and cardiac CT) over a period of two years. Radiation dose was converted to mSv and compared between the three registries. Differences over time were evaluated by comparing the first with the fourth semester. Results: A total of 6196 exams were evaluated: 35% SPECT, 53% ICA and 22% cardiac CT. Mean radiation dose was 10.7Âą1.2 mSv for SPECT, 8.1Âą6.4 mSv for ICA, and 5.4Âą3.8 mSv for cardiac CT (p<0.001 for all). With regard to the radiation dose over time, there was a very small reduction in SPECT (10.7 to 10.5 mSv, p=0.004), a significant increase (25%) in ICA (7.0 to 8.8mSv; p<0.001), and a significant reduction (29%) in cardiac CT (6.5 to 4.6 mSv, p<0.001). Obesity was associated with a significantly higher radiation dose in all three exams. Conclusions: Cardiac CT had a lower mean effective radiation dose than invasive coronary angiography, which in turn had a lower mean effective dose than SPECT. There was a significant increase in radiation doses in the ICA registry and a significant decrease in the cardiac CT registry over time.publishersversionpublishe

    Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

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    This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

    Measurement of associated W plus charm production in pp collisions at √s=7 TeV

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    stairs and fire

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    Anålise do desempenho do motor de indução trifåsico quando alimentado atravÊs de um inversor de fonte de tensão com tolerância a falhas

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    Tese de doutoramento em Engenharia ElectrotÊcnica (Sistemas de Energia) apresentada à Fac. de Ciências e Tecnologia de CoimbraThe aim of this thesis is to analyse the behaviour and the performance of a standard three-phase induction motor fed by a voltage source inverter with fault tolerant capabilities. The three-phase induction motor performance evaluation is based on some key parameters such as the electromagnetic torque oscillations, efficiency, power factor, both line current and induction motor supply voltage harmonic distortion, thermal behaviour, among others. The remedial operating strategies are based on some hardware reconfigurations together with several software control adaptations. The hardware reconfigurations are based on the connection of either the stator windings neutral point or the induction motor faulty phase to the inverter DC link middle point, trough a Triac. The software control strategies are based on some adaptations of the rotor filed oriented control or the direct torque control techniques. With this work it is also intended to find the best remedial operating strategy in order to be integrated in an adjustable speed drive with fault tolerant characteristics. The work is presented along six chapters. In Chapter 1, a state of the art review relative to fault tolerant adjustable speed drives is presented. In Chapter 2, a suitable three-phase induction motor mathematical model is established, valid for symmetrical and asymmetrical supply voltage, with a stator windings neutral point connection available. A review of some of the most popular three-phase induction motor control techniques is also presented in this chapter, with special emphasis on both rotor field oriented control and direct torque control. In order to validate the motor mathematical model, Chapter 3 starts by presenting some simulation results for the three-phase induction motor directly fed from the mains supply under normal and single-phasing operation. In Chapter 3 other simulation results are shown that are intended to demonstrate the three-phase induction motor behaviour under both rotor field oriented control and direct torque control strategies, when fed by a voltage source inverter under normal and faulty operating conditions. These results comprise time- and spectral-domain representations of motor line currents, line voltages and electromagnetic torque. In Chapter 4 the aforementioned remedial operating strategies are introduced and the three-phase induction motor performance is analysed on the basis of the previously mentioned key parameters. Chapter 5 presents the prototype design and implementation details, as well as some information about the measurement instrumentation system used in this work. Some experimental results regarding the three-phase induction motor behaviour under remedial operating control strategies are also illustrated. Chapter 6 presents the conclusions of this thesis, as well as recommendations for future research.O trabalho realizado no âmbito desta tese enquadra-se na temåtica dos accionamentos AC com tolerância a falhas. Aplicado a motores de indução trifåsicos, este tipo de accionamentos AC tem como objectivo manter a måquina em funcionamento, após o aparecimento de uma avaria no circuito inversor. Dado existirem em maior número em aplicaçþes industriais, neste trabalho Ê analisada a implementação de tolerância a falhas em sistemas de accionamento clåssicos, caracterizados por um motor de indução trifåsico standard, alimentado atravÊs de um inversor de fonte de tensão trifåsico, constituído por seis semicondutores controlados na ignição e no bloqueio e respectivos díodos de roda-livre. Nestes accionamentos, a fonte de tensão contínua do inversor Ê obtida atravÊs de um rectificador trifåsico de díodos. Pretende-se com esta investigação analisar o comportamento e o desempenho do motor de indução trifåsico, quando alimentado atravÊs de um sistema de tensþes assimÊtricas, resultantes da implementação no accionamento de estratÊgias de controlo alternativas, na sequência de avarias do tipo circuito-aberto e curto-circuito nos semicondutores do inversor de fonte de tensão. Avarias no motor não são contempladas neste estudo. As estratÊgias de controlo alternativas, usadas no accionamento para implementação da tolerância a falhas, baseiam-se em reconfiguraçþes de hardware e de software, atravÊs de adaptaçþes introduzidas nas tÊcnicas de controlo vectorial e de controlo directo do binårio de motores de indução trifåsicos. A apresentação deste trabalho desenvolve-se ao longo de seis capítulos. Para alÊm do Capítulo 1 em que Ê feita uma introdução ao assunto abordado nesta tese, no Capítulo 2 Ê apresentado um modelo do motor de indução trifåsico, vålido para as situaçþes com alimentação simÊtrica ou assimÊtrica, proveniente directamente da rede ou atravÊs de um inversor de fonte de tensão. Este modelo permite ainda efectuar a simulação da ligação ao ponto neutro dos enrolamentos do estator. O modelo Ê expresso num sistema de coordenadas correspondentes aos eixos da transformada de Park dqo. São tambÊm apresentadas neste capítulo algumas das tÊcnicas de controlo mais utilizadas em motores de indução trifåsicos, quando alimentados atravÊs de inversores de fonte de tensão em funcionamento normal, com particular ênfase no controlo vectorial e no controlo directo de binårio. No Capítulo 3 são apresentados resultados correspondentes à simulação do funcionamento do motor, quando alimentado directamente a partir de um barramento trifåsico de tensão sinusoidal ou atravÊs de um inversor de fonte de tensão. Quando alimentado atravÊs do inversor de fonte de tensão, o controlo do motor de indução Ê realizado mediante a utilização do controlo vectorial baseado na orientação do campo segundo o vector espacial do fluxo rotórico (RFOC) e do controlo directo de binårio (DTC). Com estes resultados pretende-se avaliar o desempenho do motor em diferentes situaçþes de funcionamento, tendo como base alguns parâmetros de anålise, tais como, factores de distorção harmónica da tensão e da corrente, rendimento, factor de potência e comportamento tÊrmico. No Capítulo 4 apresentam-se resultados de simulação relativos à anålise do desempenho do motor de indução trifåsico, quando alimentado atravÊs de um inversor de fonte de tensão com tolerância a falhas. Na simulação do sistema tolerante a falhas, são aplicadas ao accionamento do motor de indução trifåsico duas estratÊgias de reconfiguração de hardware. Estas estratÊgias baseiam-se na ligação do ponto neutro dos enrolamentos do estator ao ponto mÊdio do banco de condensadores do barramento DC do inversor de fonte de tensão (ligação SNPC) e na ligação da fase do inversor que possuiu o defeito, ao mesmo ponto do banco de condensadores (ligação SPC). Ainda no Capítulo 4, alÊm das reconfiguraçþes de hardware, são descritas as alteraçþes necessårias à implementação de estratÊgias de controlo adaptadas nos sistemas tolerantes a falhas em anålise, tendo como bases a orientação do fluxo rotórico e o controlo directo de binårio. São tambÊm mencionados os pormenores necessårios à realização de cada uma das estratÊgias de controlo em ambiente de programação Matlab/Simulink. O Capítulo 5 destina-se à descrição da concepção, implementação e controlo do protótipo utilizado na realização dos ensaios laboratoriais, bem como à apresentação dos diversos resultados experimentais. No Capítulo 6 são apresentadas as conclusþes de todo este trabalho incluindo a referência a recomendaçþes para trabalhos de investigação futuros, a realizar na årea dos accionamentos com tolerância a falhas

    Solutions, enablers and barriers to digitally enhanced learning implemented in biochemistry and molecular biology education as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic: a rapid review

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    This is a rapid review in which the aim was to identify and synthesize existing literature relating to the solutions, enablers and barriers to digitally enhanced learning implemented in biochemistry and molecular education as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic

    O açúcar nas ilhas portuguesas do Atlântico sÊculos XV e XVI

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    Search for narrow resonances using the dijet mass spectrum in pp collisions at s√=8  TeV

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    Results are presented of a search for the production of new particles decaying to pairs of partons (quarks, antiquarks, or gluons), in the dijet mass spectrum in proton-proton collisions at s√=8  TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.0  fb−1, collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2012. No significant evidence for narrow resonance production is observed. Upper limits are set at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section of hypothetical new particles decaying to quark-quark, quark-gluon, or gluon-gluon final states. These limits are then translated into lower limits on the masses of new resonances in specific scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. The limits reach up to 4.8 TeV, depending on the model, and extend previous exclusions from similar searches performed at lower collision energies. For the first time mass limits are set for the Randall–Sundrum graviton model in the dijet channel
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