Assessing the Influence of Living and Working Conditions on Alcohol Consumption in Migrant Farmworkers in Mexico

Background and Purpose: Inadequate working and living conditions are associated with alcohol consumption in farmworkers in the U.S. However, the influence of these factors on alcohol consumption patterns in migrant farmworkers in Mexico remains unclear. The purpose of this analysis was to assess the influence of housing and working conditions on alcohol use in migrant farmworkers in Mexico. Methods: We used logistic and ordinal logistic regression to examine the association of living and working conditions on alcohol consumption and frequency in 3,132 farmworkers in Mexico with data from a Mexican national farmworker’s survey. Results: Living in inadequately built homes (OR=0.84; 95% CI=0.72, 0.98; p<0.05) and limited access to luxury items (OR=0.69; 95% CI=0.52, 0.94; p<0.01), were associated with a decreased likelihood to consume alcohol compared to living in better conditions. In contrast, living in employer provided housing (OR=1.79; 95% CI=1.40, 2.31; p<0.0001) and experiencing hazards related to safety (OR= 1.69; 95% CI= 1.35, 2.12; p<0.0001), work organization (OR= 1.29; CI= 1.03, 1.63; p<0.05), and ergonomics (OR= 2.04; CI= 1.18, 3.52; p<0.05) increased the likelihood of consuming alcohol. Conclusion: Living and working conditions of farmworkers may affect alcohol consumption. However, these findings require replication and specific mechanisms, which may influence these results warrants investigation

Costo de producción en el laboratorio de larvas de camarón M.B.L, cantón Salinas, año 2022

En la actualidad aún existen empresas que presentan confusión en la aplicación de las normativas contables, el laboratorio de larvas de camarón “M.B.L” carece de procedimiento contables alineados a la NIC 41, debido a que el personal responsable del registro y manejo de los activos biológicos desconoce los procedimientos pertinentes que prescribe esta. El objetivo general fue determinar los procedimientos contables de los activos biológicos en relación con la NIC 41, permitiendo conocer los costos de producción reales en cada etapa larvaria, mejorando la organización y presentación del proceso contable en el laboratorio de larvas de camarón “M.B.L.”. Acorde a la normativa se realizó el reconocimiento, registro y medición de los activos biológicos en relación con la NIC 41. La metodología aplicada en la investigación fue de tipo descriptiva – exploratoria un enfoque cualitativo, permitiendo observar las características del objeto de estudio, se aplicaron las técnicas de la observación y la entrevista a las poblaciones del laboratorio “M.B.L.”, de las cuales se determinaron las fases productivas, tiempos empleados y los costos que incurren dentro del proceso productivo de los nauplios. Al aplicar el tratamiento contable a los activos biológicos se obtuvo información relevante y oportuna para la toma de decisiones por parte de gerencia

Agrin and Synaptic Laminin Are Required to Maintain Adult Neuromuscular Junctions

As synapses form and mature the synaptic partners produce organizing molecules that regulate each other’s differentiation and ensure precise apposition of pre- and post-synaptic specializations. At the skeletal neuromuscular junction (NMJ), these molecules include agrin, a nerve-derived organizer of postsynaptic differentiation, and synaptic laminins, muscle-derived organizers of presynaptic differentiation. Both become concentrated in the synaptic cleft as the NMJ develops and are retained in adulthood. Here, we used mutant mice to ask whether these organizers are also required for synaptic maintenance. Deletion of agrin from a subset of adult motor neurons resulted in the loss of acetylcholine receptors and other components of the postsynaptic apparatus and synaptic cleft. Nerve terminals also atrophied and eventually withdrew from muscle fibers. On the other hand, mice lacking the presynaptic organizer laminin-α4 retained most of the synaptic cleft components but exhibited synaptic alterations reminiscent of those observed in aged animals. Although we detected no marked decrease in laminin or agrin levels at aged NMJs, we observed alterations in the distribution and organization of these synaptic cleft components suggesting that such changes could contribute to age-related synaptic disassembly. Together, these results demonstrate that pre- and post-synaptic organizers actively function to maintain the structure and function of adult NMJs.Molecular and Cellular Biolog

Innovación Financiera en México y en el mundo

Due to various economic crises that have been experienced in the world over the years, financial innovation has served as a key point to save countries and to do not fall into bankruptcy. This investigación seeks to highlight financial innovation in the global economy emphasising on Mexico, as well as its classifications. Financial innovation is among us in a positive way towards the financial and social welfare sector in general, although in the past it had been the subject of criticism since the beginning of the financial crisis in 2007.Ante diversas crisis económicas que se han vivido en el mundo a través de los años, la innovación financiera ha servido como punto clave para salvar países y que no caigan en la bancarrota. El presente documento trata de resaltar la innovación financiera en la economía global haciendo hincapié en México, así mismo como sus clasificaciones. A pesar de que en el pasado fue objeto de críticas desde el inicio de la crisis financiera en 2007, la innovación financiera está entre nosotros de manera positiva hacia el sector de las finanzas y el bienestar social en general

Implementación de la metodología 5s para incrementar la productividad del área SSOMA en la empresa Inversiones Camharo S.A.C. Lima, 2020

En la presente investigación, de enfoque cuantitativo, se estableció una población conformada por los registros de productividad correspondientes a los meses de noviembre 2020 – mayo 2021, se recolectaron datos en el área de Seguridad, Salud Ocupacional y Medio Ambiente (SSOMA) de la empresa Inversiones Camharo S.A.C. La técnica de recolección empleada fue la observación y el instrumento de recolección de datos para nuestra variable independiente (metodología 5s) fue la ficha de observación (Check List), respecto a nuestra variable dependiente (productividad), como instrumento de recolección de datos se empleó la ficha de registro de productividad correspondiente al mes de noviembre 2020 y mayo 2021. Se concluyó que la implementación de la metodología 5s fue de gran beneficio para la empresa, ya que, la productividad inicial se incrementó de 61.228% a un 87.895%. Respecto a índice de eficiencia, en principio se calculó un valor de 71.510% y, posterior a la implementación se obtuvo un valor de 93.96%. Respecto al indicador de eficacia, se demostró que el valor inicial de 85.523% se incrementó a 93.540%. Finalmente, para continuar el camino de la mejora continua, se sugiere impulsar la metodología en todos los niveles de la organización y que esta perdure a través del tiempo

Reaction of Tp(PPh_3)Ru(η^2-O_2CCHPh_2) with Carbene and Vinylidene Precursors

Tp(PPh_3)Ru(η^2-O_2CCHPh_2) (1) [Tp = tris(pyrazolyl)borate] has been prepared by the reaction of TpRu(Cl)(PPh_3)_2 with 1.2 equiv of NaO_2CCHPh_2. Complex 1 reacts with diphenylcyclopropene to generate the metallacycle Tp(PPh_3)Ru[κ^2-(C,Ο)-C(═CHCHPh_2)OC(CHPh_2)═O] (2). A trace of the carbene Tp(PPh_3)(η^1-O_2CCHPh_2)Ru═CHCH═C(Ph)_2 (3) is also observed in the crude reaction mixture. Compound 1 reacts with phenyldiazomethane to form the benzylidene Tp(PPh_3)(η^1-O_2CCHPh_2)Ru═CHPh (4). A similar species is also available by the reaction between AgO_2CCHPh_2 and Tp(PCy_3)(Cl)Ru═CHCH═C(CH_3)_2 (5), which affords Tp(PCy_3)(η^1-O_2CCHPh_2)Ru═CHCH═C(CH_3)_2 (6). With the addition of an excess of HCl, complexes 4 and 6 release free HO_2CCHPh_2 and are converted to Tp(PPh_3)(Cl)Ru═CHPh (7) and complex 5, respectively. The reaction of 1 with phenylacetylene yields the five-membered chelate Tp(PPh_3)Ru[κ^2-(C,Ο)-C(═CHPh)OC(CHPh_2)═O] (8). Complex 8 is also formed in the reaction of Tp(PPh_3)(Cl)Ru═C═CHPh with 1.2 equiv of AgO_2CCHPh_2. Compounds 1, 2, and 8 have been characterized by X-ray crystallography. Complexes 2, 5, 6, 7, and 8 do not catalyze olefin metathesis reactions, while 4 is an active initiator for the ring-opening metathesis polymerization of norbornene

Reunifying from behind bars: A quantitative study of the relationship between parental incarceration, service use, and foster care reunification

Incarcerated parents attempting to reunify with their children in foster care can find it difficult to complete the activities on their court-ordered case plans, such as drug treatment services and visitation with children. Although much has been written regarding the obstacles that are likely to interfere with reunification for incarcerated parents, very little quantitative research has examined the topic. This study uses secondary data to examine the incarceration experiences and reunification outcomes of a sample of 225 parents in one large urban California county. In multivariate analysis controlling for problems and demographics, incarcerated parents were less likely to reunify with their children; however, service use appeared to mediate this relationship, as the negative association between incarceration and reunification did not persist when service use was included as a variable in the model. Suggestions are made for policy and practice changes to improve reunification outcomes for this population of parents.

May Measurement Month 2018: a pragmatic global screening campaign to raise awareness of blood pressure by the International Society of Hypertension

Aims Raised blood pressure (BP) is the biggest contributor to mortality and disease burden worldwide and fewer than half of those with hypertension are aware of it. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global campaign set up in 2017, to raise awareness of high BP and as a pragmatic solution to a lack of formal screening worldwide. The 2018 campaign was expanded, aiming to include more participants and countries. Methods and results Eighty-nine countries participated in MMM 2018. Volunteers (≥18 years) were recruited through opportunistic sampling at a variety of screening sites. Each participant had three BP measurements and completed a questionnaire on demographic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥90 mmHg, or taking antihypertensive medication. In total, 74.9% of screenees provided three BP readings. Multiple imputation using chained equations was used to impute missing readings. 1 504 963 individuals (mean age 45.3 years; 52.4% female) were screened. After multiple imputation, 502 079 (33.4%) individuals had hypertension, of whom 59.5% were aware of their diagnosis and 55.3% were taking antihypertensive medication. Of those on medication, 60.0% were controlled and of all hypertensives, 33.2% were controlled. We detected 224 285 individuals with untreated hypertension and 111 214 individuals with inadequately treated (systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg) hypertension. Conclusion May Measurement Month expanded significantly compared with 2017, including more participants in more countries. The campaign identified over 335 000 adults with untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. In the absence of systematic screening programmes, MMM was effective at raising awareness at least among these individuals at risk

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens