329 research outputs found
Qualidade pós-colheita do tomate de mesa convencional e orgânico.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade pós-colheita de frutos de tomate de mesa de diferentes sistemas de cultivos. As amostras de tomate convencional, cv. Raísa (LV), e orgânico, cv. Santa Clara, foram mantidas a uma temperatura de 23,5 ± 2 °C, com UR de 74% ± 5 e submetidas a análise da massa, peso específico, cinzas, sólidos totais, sólidos solúveis totais, acidez titulável total, relação sólidos solúveis totais/acidez titulável total, pH, vitamina C, Salmonella spp., coliformes totais, coliformes fecais, bolores e leveduras e análise sensorial, que foi realizada pela Análise Descritiva Quantitativa - ADQ. O tempo de armazenagem foi de 13 e 14 dias para o tomate de mesa cultivado nos sistemas convencional e orgânico, respectivamente. O tempo de armazenagem foi de 13 e 14 dias para o tomate de mesa cultivado nos sistemas convencional e orgânico, respectivamente. A perda de massa foi significativamente inferior (3,74%) no tomate convencional. Ambas as amostras apresentaram similar comportamento na análise física, química sensorial e microbiológica nos estádios de maturação
PERFIL SENSORIAL DO TOMATE DE MESA (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) ORGÂNICO
Foram avaliadas, pela análise descritiva quantitativa - ADQ, quatro amostras de tomate de mesa,
Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cultivadas pelo sistema orgânico e comercializadas de dezembro
de 2001 a fevereiro de 2002. A comparação realizada pelo teste de Tukey revelou que nos descritores
defeitos de superfície, cor, firmeza ao toque, firmeza ao corte, resistência ao corte, aparência geral
externa, espessura da polpa, sabor estranho, textura oral, doçura e acidez as amostras apresentaram
diferença em nível de 5% de probabilidade de erro. Nos atributos grau de suculência, característica
da polpa, aroma, sabor, sabor remanescente, aparência geral interna e qualidade global as
amostras não diferiram entre si.
SENSORY PROFILE OF ORGANIC TOMATO (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Abstract
Using Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA), four samples of salad tomatoes (Lycopersicon
esculentum Mill) were evaluated. The samples were organic grown tomatoes, commercialized from
December 2001 to February 2002. Comparison using Tukey 5% revealed significant difference
concerning the following descriptors: surface defects, color, firmness to touch, firmness to cut, resistance
to cut, overall exterior appearance, pulp thickness, strange taste, oral texture, sweetness and acidity.
The descriptors juiciness, pulp characteristic, smell, taste, after taste, overall interior appearance and
overall quality showed no significant difference
Movements of marine fish and decapod crustaceans: Process, theory and application
Many marine species have a multi-phase ontogeny, with each phase usually associated with a spatially and temporally discrete set of movements. For many fish and decapod crustaceans that live inshore, a tri-phasic life cycle is widespread, involving: (1) the movement of planktonic eggs and larvae to nursery areas; (2) a range of routine shelter and foraging movements that maintain a home range; and (3) spawning migrations away from the home range to close the life cycle. Additional complexity is found in migrations that are not for the purpose of spawning and movements that result in a relocation of the home range of an individual that cannot be defined as an ontogenetic shift. Tracking and tagging studies confirm that life cycle movements occur across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This dynamic multi-scale complexity presents a significant problem in selecting appropriate scales for studying highly mobile marine animals. We address this problem by first comprehensively reviewing the movement patterns of fish and decapod crustaceans that use inshore areas and present a synthesis of life cycle strategies, together with five categories of movement. We then examine the scale-related limitations of traditional approaches to studies of animal-environment relationships. We demonstrate that studies of marine animals have rarely been undertaken at scales appropriate to the way animals use their environment and argue that future studies must incorporate animal movement into the design of sampling strategies. A major limitation of many studies is that they have focused on: (1) a single scale for animals that respond to their environment at multiple scales or (2) a single habitat type for animals that use multiple habitat types. We develop a hierarchical conceptual framework that deals with the problem of scale and environmental heterogeneity and we offer a new definition of 'habitat' from an organism-based perspective. To demonstrate that the conceptual framework can be applied, we explore the range of tools that are currently available for both measuring animal movement patterns and for mapping and quantifying marine environments at multiple scales. The application of a hierarchical approach, together with the coordinated integration of spatial technologies offers an unprecedented opportunity for researchers to tackle a range of animal-environment questions for highly mobile marine animals. Without scale-explicit information on animal movements many marine conservation and resource management strategies are less likely to achieve their primary objectives
International genome-wide meta-analysis identifies new primary biliary cirrhosis risk loci and targetable pathogenic pathways.
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a classical autoimmune liver disease for which effective immunomodulatory therapy is lacking. Here we perform meta-analyses of discovery data sets from genome-wide association studies of European subjects (n=2,764 cases and 10,475 controls) followed by validation genotyping in an independent cohort (n=3,716 cases and 4,261 controls). We discover and validate six previously unknown risk loci for PBC (Pcombined<5 × 10(-8)) and used pathway analysis to identify JAK-STAT/IL12/IL27 signalling and cytokine-cytokine pathways, for which relevant therapies exist
Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in -tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV
Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton
collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against
a boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and
transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 GeV and in the pseudorapidity range . The
data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy
of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb. Triple
differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum
fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also
measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent
fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the
measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into
the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any
supplementary material and additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb
public pages
Study of the decay
The decay is studied
in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of TeV
using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5
collected by the LHCb experiment. In the system, the
state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is
resolved into two narrower states, and ,
whose masses and widths are measured to be where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second
systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a
prompt sample. Evidence of a new
state is found with a local significance of , whose mass and width
are measured to be and , respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode
is found with a significance of
. The relative branching fraction of with respect to the
decay is measured to be , where the first
uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from
the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb
public pages
Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions and
The ratios of branching fractions
and are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a
sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb of
integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The
tau lepton is identified in the decay mode
. The measured values are
and
, where the first uncertainty is
statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these
measurements is . Results are consistent with the current average
of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the
predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb
public pages
Influence of different fertilization systems on nutritional composition of corn Zea mays L. (Poaceae) and the effects to attack of Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to storage product
O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a influência da composição nutricional de grãos de diferentes cultivares de milho, cultivados em diferentes sistemas de adubação, sobre a resistência do grão seco ao gorgulho-do milho Sitophilus zeamais. Foram plantadas cinco cultivares de milho (EMCAPA 201, EMCAPA 202, Composto 1, Composto 2 e AG 405), sob quatro sistemas de adubação: orgânica, mineral, orgânica e mineral combinadas, e em ausência de adubação. Durante o período do florescimento feminino avaliou-se os teores dos minerais foliares. Após a colheita, avaliou-se a produção de grãos, o teor de umidade, de cinzas, lipídios, proteínas e carboidratos. A resistência das cultivares foi avaliada através de parâmetros biológicos do inseto (ciclo biológico, número de insetos emergidos e peso dos adultos), índice de suscetibilidade e pela perda de peso da matéria seca dos grãos provocada pelos insetos. Em ausência de adubação todas as cultivares, de modo geral, apresentaram os menores teores foliares de minerais. A maior produtividade foi obtida nas parcelas com adubação combinada, e as menores sob ausência de adubação. Os teores de cinzas, lipídios e proteínas foram menores na ausência de adubação, enquanto o de carboidratos foi maior neste sistema. O teor de cinzas, que reflete o teor de minerais, foi maior nas adubações orgânica e combinada. O teor de proteínas foi maior na adubação combinada. Os resultados não indicaram a existência de um efeito significativo da composição nutricional dos grãos das diferentes cultivares sobre o desenvolvimento, reprodução e índice de suscetibilidade, provavelmente devido à base genética pouco distinta entre as cultivares testadas.The objective of this research was to evaluate the influence of nutritional composition of grains of different corn cultivars produced under different fertilization systems on resistance of dry kernel against the maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais. Five cultivars of corn were planted (EMCAPA 201, EMCAPA 202, Composto 1, Composto 2, and AG 405), under four fertilization systems: organic, mineral, organic and mineral combined, and in absence of fertilizer.The contents of minerals leaves were evaluated during the period of the feminine florescence. After harvesting, grain production, moisture content, ashes, lipids, proteins and carbohydrates were evaluated. The resistance level of the cultivars was evaluated based on biological parameters of the insect (biological cycle, number of emerged insects and adult weight), susceptibility index, and on grain weight loss caused by insect feeding. In absence of fertilization all the cultivars, in general, present a minor contents of leave minerals. The highest grain production was obtained from the plot with combined fertilization, and the lowest in the unfertilized plot. The content of ashes, lipids and proteins were lower in the kernels from the area without fertilizer, while the carbohydrate levels were higher in this system. The ash content, that reflects minerals levels in the grain, was higher in the organic and combined fertilization areas. The protein levels were higher under combined fertilization. The results did not indicate the existence of a significant effect of the nutritional composition of the grains of different cultivars on development, reproduction and susceptibility index, probably due to the narrow genetic bases of the cultivars tested here
REVISÃO: ISOLAMENTO E PURIFICAÇÃO DO GLICOMACROPEPTÍDEO DO SORO DE LEITE
The objective of this work was to review the isolation and purification methods of glycomacropeptide (gmp). This peptide is formed during enzymatic coagulation of milk, using chymosin. Aspects such as structure, composition, biological activities and functional and technological properties of gmp are also covered. It was concluded that the various methods mentioned in this paper for gmp isolation and purification use isolated or combined processes, which can be classified in three categories: selective precipitation induced by adjustment of the physical properties of the solution; membrane filtration based mainly on different membrane sizes and load, and selective adsorption. Regarding the biological activities of gmp, this peptide can be understood as a promising compound, although additional research is necessary in order to define quantities, efficacy and to allow functionality claims. There is, however, little information regarding gmp’s addition in food, interaction with other components and chemical stability under different processing conditions.Este trabalho teve como objetivo efetuar revisão dos métodos de isolamento e purificação do glicomacropeptídeo (GMP), peptídeo formado durante o processo de coagulação enzimática do leite pela quimosina. Também foram abordados aspectos como estrutura, composição, atividades biológicas e propriedades nutricionais e tecnológicas do GMP. Esse peptídeo, conhecido por ser um composto bioativo, apresenta potencial elevado como agente estrutural do alimento. Conclui-se que os vários métodos relatados para o isolamento e purificação do GMP utilizam de forma isolada, ou combinada, processos que podem ser classificados em três categorias: precipitação seletiva induzida por ajuste das propriedades físicas da solução; filtração por membrana baseada principalmente em diferenças de tamanho e carga; e adsorção seletiva. Em relação às atividades biológicas pode-se entender o GMP como composto promissor, mas pesquisa adicional é necessária para definir as quantidades para se atingir a eficácia e permitir alegações de funcionalidade. Quanto às aplicações tecnológicas desse peptídeo são poucas as informações quanto à sua adição em alimentos, interações com outros componentes e estabilidade química sob diferentes condições de processamento
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