Development and diversity of Andean-derived, gene-based microsatellites for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Gene-based (genic) microsatellites are a useful tool for plant genetics and simple sequence repeat loci can often be found in coding regions of the genome. While EST sequencing can be used to discover genic microsatellites, direct screening of cDNA libraries for repeat motifs can save on overall sequencing costs. The objective of this research was to screen a large cDNA library from and Andean common bean genotype for six di-nucleotide and tri-nucleotide repeat motifs through a filter hybridization approach and to develop microsatellite markers from positive clones.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Robotics were used for high-throughput colony picking and to create a high-density filter of 18,432 double spotted cDNA clones which was followed by hybridization with repeat motif containing probes based on GA, CA, AAT, CAG, CAA and ACG repeats. A total of 1203 positive clones were identified by their addresses and sequenced from 5' ends and if required from 3' ends to confirm repeat motif and length. Out of 886 high quality sequences, 497 had complete microsatellite loci that were not truncated by the sequencing reaction and of these tri-nucleotide repeats were more common than di-nucleotide repeats. Different motifs were found in different frequencies in the 5' and 3' ends of the cDNAs. In a microsatellite development program, primers were designed for 248 SSR loci which were tested on a panel of 18 common bean genotypes to determine their potential as genetic markers finding higher average polymorphism information content for di-nucleotide repeat markers (0.3544) than for tri-nucleotide repeat markers (0.1536).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The present study provides a set of validated gene-based markers for common bean that are derived from G19833, an Andean landrace that is an important source of disease and abiotic stress tolerance which has been used for physical map development and as a mapping parent. Gene-based markers appear to be very efficient at separating divergent wild and cultivated accessions as well as Andean and Mesoamerican genepools and therefore will be useful for diversity analyses and for comparative and transcript mapping in common bean.</p

Application of inventory recognition and measurement criteria for SMEs

El presente trabajo hace parte de una reflexión de los autores, a partir de una revisión bibliográfica teórica, explorativa y sistémica sobre la Norma Internacional de Información Financiera, emitidas por la International Accounting Standards Board, y aprobadas en Colombia con la Ley 1314 de 2009, cuyo objetivo principal fue el de converger a las NIIF en los grupos I, II y III. El producto de esta reflexión se centra en aspectos categorizados en la norma para pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES), grupo II, decreto 2483 de 2018 y los que lo modifiquen, específicamente la sección 13 inventarios, donde se diserta el alcance de la sección, reconocimiento, medición, revelaciones, deterioro, métodos de valuación, e incidencia al realizar la conciliación contable y fiscal. Finalmente, se simulan casos prácticos en los que se reflejan las técnicas, procedimientos, principios, conceptos, limitaciones e interpretaciones, que permiten dilucidar las temáticas.The present work is part of a reflection of the authors, based on a theoretical, exploratory and systemic bibliographic review on the International Financial Reporting Standard, issued by the International Accounting Standards Board, and approved in Colombia with Law 1314 of 2009, whose main objective was to converge to IFRS in groups I, II and III. The product of this reflection focuses on aspects categorized in the standard for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), group II, decree 2483 of 2018 and those that modify it, specifically section 13 inventories, where the scope of the section is discussed, recognition, measurement, disclosures, impairment, valuation methods, and incidence when performing the accounting and tax reconciliation. Finally, practical cases are simulated in which the techniques, procedures, principles, concepts, limitations and interpretations are reflected, which allow elucidating the themes

Análisis multifactorial de las tasas de preñez en programas de transferencia de embriones en Colombia

Objetivo. Analizar varias características del embrión transferible, así cómo algunas características de las receptoras sobre las tasas de preñez. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron ciento setenta y cuatro transferencias en dos haciendas en Colombia. Las variables analizadas en las receptoras fueron los niveles de progesterona sérica, tamaño del cuerpo lúteo y el grupo genético. Las variables analizadas en los embriones fueron estadío de desarrollo, calidad y transferencia en fresco o congelado. Resultados. Ninguna de las variables individualmente predicen la tasa de preñez, sin embargo, existe la probabilidad de un mejor resultado cuando se usa un embrión excelente congelado (OD=5.100), bueno fresco (OD= 4.180) y si la receptora es ¾ Angus (OD=2.945). Conclusiones. La tasa de preñez sigue siendo un evento regulado de manera multifactorial y ninguno de los parámetros evaluados individualmente son responsables del éxito reproductivo

El tiempo contra las mujeres: debates feministas para una agenda de paz

Hemos ordenado los temas de nuestras conversaciones en cinco capítulos que responden a reflexiones teórico-críticas por parte de las investigadoras, académicas, feministas y activistas articuladas a Ongs o a grupos informales que componen el amplio movimiento social de mujeres en el país. Lejos estamos de presentar univocidad de tendencias en el presente. Como en el pasado y el porvenir la característica es la diversidad de posiciones y la relatividad de cada análisis y propuesta. Ninguna reflexión tiene la pretensión de totalidad, ni de verdad absoluta, más bien hay balances, deseos, incertidumbres, visualizaciones, utopías e incluso rodeos. Iniciamos con el tema Identidades y subjetividades. El capítulo conlleva una reflexión acerca de las mujeres en el actual contexto cultural. Los tres artículos que lo componen interrogan sobre los modelos que hoy se nos ofrecen y sus posibles rupturas. Invitan a pensar en los caminos de trasgresión y resistencia, ante las imágenes de las feminidades y masculinidades que circulan en los medios masivos de comunicación. Cuestionan y alertan sobre las implicaciones personales y relacionales de la imitación. El segundo capítulo ¿De los derechos de las mujeres, qué? Abre el debate sobre las ambivalencias entre el discurso jurídico, las condiciones sociales y la cultura de cara al proceso de resignificación de los derechos de las mujeres, alcanzado especialmente durante las últimas décadas. Es decir, la defensa de la eliminación de todas las formas de discriminación, la violencia contra las mujeres y la declaración de los derechos sexuales y reproductivos. En el tercer capítulo en la reflexión sobre Ciudadanías y globalización, Gisela Daza N. en su artículo "Subjetividades y socialización", diserta sobre "las transformaciones en los procesos de socialización, las que aunque no ocurren súbitamente sino que se extienden en períodos más o menos largos, son en todo caso discernibles en las últimas décadas del Siglo XX, por cuanto se inscriben en la transición que las sociedades occidentales, conocen entre los principios y ordenamientos de la sociedad normalizada, y la instauración de aquellos propios de una organización social basada en el control. En el cuarto capítulo sobre Estado y participación política, Ligia Galvis O., María Emma Wills y Aura Elizabeth Quiñónez T. plantean los retos de las mujeres en la actual coyuntura y la importancia de ganar presencia en los diferentes organismos públicos de los poderes ejecutivo, legislativo y judicial. El quinto capítulo Historias de paz de las mujeres, reúne fragmentos y experiencias, para repensar la historia de las mujeres colombianas. María Imelda Ramírez, resalta tres ejemplos de mujeres que pese a estar en condiciones represivas agudas logran transgredir con sus acciones las prohibiciones de la época, en su artículo "Fragmentos de experiencias de paz de mujeres en la Colonia", busca una nueva mirada de la historia. Retoma la inserción de la mujer en la educación cuando aún siendo letrada era considerada objeto de excomunión, es simplemente, una revolución silenciosa y por demás, talentosa. Cita también el ejemplo de acudir al afecto del padre para impedir la orden de pena de muerte, como muestra de otra faceta de la humanidad en la vida de la justicia

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Inducción a la formación profesional

Desarrolla a manera de módulos, la forma y la información que de se debe entregar a los aprendices al momento de que estos ingresen a la institución para conocer el contexto, deberes, derechos, entre otros, que los estarán rodeando en el ámbito académico.It develops as a module, the form and the information that must be given to the apprentices when they enter the institution to know the context, duties, rights, among others, that will be surrounding them in the academic field.Conocimiento e Integración Grupal -- Inducción al SENA -- Inducción a la Formación Profesional Integral -- Inducción al Centro, Programa o Proyecto -- Inducción al Programa de Formación Profesional -- Inducción a los Servicios al Alumnado -- Servicios al Alumnado: Biblioteca -- Servicios al Alumnado: Promoción y contratación de Aprendices -- Servicios al Alumnado: Trabajo Social -- Servicios al Alumnado: Capellanía -- Servicios al Alumnado: Registro y Certificación -- Servicios al Alumnado: Validación -- Servicios al Alumnado: Actividades Recreativas, Culturales y Deportivas.naPara sujetos de formación40 página

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Malaria vector species in Colombia: a review

Here we present a comprehensive review of the literature on the vectorial importance of the major Anopheles malaria vectors in Colombia. We provide basic information on the geographical distribution, altitudinal range, immature habitats, adult behaviour, feeding preferences and anthropophily, endophily and infectivity rates. We additionally review information on the life cycle, longevity and population fluctuation of Colombian Anopheles species. Emphasis was placed on the primary vectors that have been epidemiologically incriminated in malaria transmission: Anopheles darlingi, Anopheles albimanus and Anopheles nuneztovari. The role of a selection of local, regional or secondary vectors (e.g., Anopheles pseudopunctipennis and Anopheles neivai) is also discussed. We highlight the importance of combining biological, morphological and molecular data for the correct taxonomical determination of a given species, particularly for members of the species complexes. We likewise emphasise the importance of studying the bionomics of primary and secondary vectors along with an examination of the local conditions affecting the transmission of malaria. The presence and spread of the major vectors and the emergence of secondary species capable of transmitting human Plasmodia are of great interest. When selecting control measures, the anopheline diversity in the region must be considered. Variation in macroclimate conditions over a species' geographical range must be well understood and targeted to plan effective control measures based on the population dynamics of the local Anopheles species

Análisis de la variabilidad genética de la colección colombiana de musáceas usando marcadores isoenzimáticos

La Colección Colombiana de Musãceas (CCM) es la ünica a nivel mundial %ue representa un alto valor por ser la %ue posee introducciones andinas de altura (&amp; 1()) m.s.n.m.). La caracterización de este germoplasma puede generar valor agregado para su utilización en procesos de selección clonal - para el mejoramiento genético de la especie, mediante el uso de materiales diploides con características transmisibles de importancia. Por esta razón, 33 clones de la CCM conservadas in vitro&lt;em&gt;, &lt;/em&gt;fueron evaluadas bio%uimicamente mediante 1) enzimas, de las cuales cuatro 4ueron polimór7cas: glutamato o=aloacetil transaminasa (GOT), a13-esterasa (a13HIJL), pero=idasa (PMQ) - dia4orasa (DVWP). La enzima GYL 4ue la mãs discriminante entre grupos genómicos particulares. PMQ, DVWP - a13HIJL permitieron evaluar la variabilidad al interior de cada grupo. Il estudio 4acilita el entendimiento de la estructura genética de los genotipos de plátano y banano cultivados en Colombia. &lt;span style="font-size: 9.5pt; font-family: ";Bookman Old Style";; mso-fareast-font-family: ";Times New Roman";; mso-bidi-font-family: ";Bookman Old Style";; color: #231f20; mso-ansi-language: ES; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"&gt;&lt;span style="mso-font-width: 102%;"&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt