Zugänge zu informeller Bildung im Kontext jugendlicher Freizeit: Befunde einer quantitativen und qualitativen Untersuchung

"Zahlreiche Forschungsarbeiten der letzten Jahre belegen, dass der Freizeitbereich Jugendlicher in unterschiedlicher Hinsicht differenzierte informelle Bildungsräume eröffnet. Weitestgehend unberücksichtigt blieb bislang jedoch die Frage nach spezifischen Ressourcen, die informelle Bildungsprozesse nach sich ziehen. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht diesem Desidarat nach, indem ausgehend von Bourdieus Theorie der Sozialen Praxis - speziell des Kapitalkonstrukts - und auf der Basis der Befunde einer quantitativen und qualitativen Erhebung ressourcenabhängige Zugänge zu informeller Bildung im Kontext heterogener Freizeitwelten Jugendlicher diskutiert werden." (Autorenreferat)"Over the last few years, numerous research studies have proven that the leisure segment of young people reveals many differentiated informal learning spaces. However, the question of which specific resources are to be considered within these informal education processes has not been taken into account so far. This paper launches the debate on this subject, starting from Bourdieu's theory of social practice, focusing especially on the construct of capitals, and discusses how access to informal education depends on resources, within the context of heterogeneous leisure worlds, based on the findings of a quantitative and qualitative survey." (author's abstract

Hva er verdien av Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA per 30.12.2020?

Formålet med denne oppgaven er å gjennomføre en strategisk analyse av Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA etterfulgt av det gjennomfører vi en verdivurdering av selskapet. Problemstillingen for vår bachelorutredelse er følgende Hva er verdien av Norwegian Air Shuttle ASA per 30.12.2020? Oppgaven er oppbygget med en kort presentasjon av historien til selskapet i det første kapittelet. I det neste kapittelet redegjør vi for teorien tilknyttet verdivurderingen, herunder forklarer vi ulike tilnærminger, ulike metoder før vi argumenter for valget av verdsettelsemetode. Vi valgte diskontert kontantstrømmetode basert på drift hvor målet var finne den frie kontantstrømmen. I det neste kapittelet ser på vi på den strategiske intensjonen her kommer en oversikt over selskapets visjon, mål og forretningside og vi evaluerer den opp mot litteraturen til. I kapittel etter ser vi på de eksterne og interne faktorene som påvirker Norwegian og gjennomfører en strategisk analyse. Den strategiske analysen gjøres ved bruk av porters femkraftsmodell, PESTEL-analyse, SVIMA-analyse, fremsynanalyse og til slutt oppsummerer vi funnene i den interne og eksterne analysen i en SWOT-analyse. Etter dette gjennomfører vi en regnskapsanalyse, som baserer seg på tall fra 2015 til 2020. Dette gjennomføres for å få en forståelse av selskapets lønnsomhet, likviditet, EBITDA-margin og soliditet. Avslutningsvis gjennomfører vi en sammenligning mot Norwegians største konkurrent og et sammenlignbart lavprisselskap. Dette gjøres for å forstå hvordan Norwegian står i markedet i forhold til konkurrentene. I kapittelet etter prognostiserer vi budsjettet for den eksplisitte perioden 2021-2025, som baserer seg på funnene i den strategiske analysen. Her tar vi for oss alt fra driftsinntekter til beregninger av endringer i arbeidskapitalen. I det siste kapittelet beregner vi avkastningskravet til totalkapitalen, det er beregnet til 7,17%. Avkastningskravet brukes så videre til finne terminalverdien for kontantstrømmene etter den eksplisitte perioden, vi bruker også dette avkastningskravet til neddiskonteringen av de frie kontantstrømmene og terminalverdien. Dette gir oss verdien på egenkapitalen som er 935.431.250 MNOK, som gir oss en estimert aksjekurs på 22,11 kr

Secondary antiprotons and propagation of cosmic rays in the Galaxy and heliosphere

High-energy collisions of cosmic-ray nuclei with interstellar gas are believed to be the mechanism producing the majority of cosmic ray antiprotons. Due to the kinematics of the process they are created with a nonzero momentum; the characteristic spectral shape with a maximum at ~2 GeV and a sharp decrease towards lower energies makes antiprotons a unique probe of models for particle propagation in the Galaxy and modulation in the heliosphere. On the other hand, accurate calculation of the secondary antiproton flux provides a ``background'' for searches for exotic signals from the annihilation of supersymmetric particles and primordial black hole evaporation. Recently new data with large statistics on both low and high energy antiproton fluxes have become available which allow such tests to be performed. We use our propagation code GALPROP to calculate interstellar cosmic-ray propagation for a variety of models. We show that there is no simple model capable of accurately describing the whole variety of data: boron/carbon and sub-iron/iron ratios, spectra of protons, helium, antiprotons, positrons, electrons, and diffuse gamma rays. We find that only a model with a break in the diffusion coefficient plus convection can reproduce measurements of cosmic-ray species, and the reproduction of primaries (p, He) can be further improved by introducing a break in the primary injection spectra. For our best-fit model we make predictions of proton and antiproton fluxes near the Earth for different modulation levels and magnetic polarity using a steady-state drift model of propagation in the heliosphere.Comment: Many Updates, 20 pages, 15 ps-figures, emulateapj5.sty. To be published in ApJ v.564 January 10, 2002 issue. More details can be found at http://www.gamma.mpe-garching.mpg.de/~aws/aws.htm

Microscaling Data Formats for Deep Learning

Narrow bit-width data formats are key to reducing the computational and storage costs of modern deep learning applications. This paper evaluates Microscaling (MX) data formats that combine a per-block scaling factor with narrow floating-point and integer types for individual elements. MX formats balance the competing needs of hardware efficiency, model accuracy, and user friction. Empirical results on over two dozen benchmarks demonstrate practicality of MX data formats as a drop-in replacement for baseline FP32 for AI inference and training with low user friction. We also show the first instance of training generative language models at sub-8-bit weights, activations, and gradients with minimal accuracy loss and no modifications to the training recipe

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

Post-Operative Functional Outcomes in Early Age Onset Rectal Cancer

Background: Impairment of bowel, urogenital and fertility-related function in patients treated for rectal cancer is common. While the rate of rectal cancer in the young (<50 years) is rising, there is little data on functional outcomes in this group. Methods: The REACCT international collaborative database was reviewed and data on eligible patients analysed. Inclusion criteria comprised patients with a histologically confirmed rectal cancer, <50 years of age at time of diagnosis and with documented follow-up including functional outcomes. Results: A total of 1428 (n=1428) patients met the eligibility criteria and were included in the final analysis. Metastatic disease was present at diagnosis in 13%. Of these, 40% received neoadjuvant therapy and 50% adjuvant chemotherapy. The incidence of post-operative major morbidity was 10%. A defunctioning stoma was placed for 621 patients (43%); 534 of these proceeded to elective restoration of bowel continuity. The median follow-up time was 42 months. Of this cohort, a total of 415 (29%) reported persistent impairment of functional outcomes, the most frequent of which was bowel dysfunction (16%), followed by bladder dysfunction (7%), sexual dysfunction (4.5%) and infertility (1%). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of patients with early-onset rectal cancer who undergo surgery report persistent impairment of functional status. Patients should be involved in the discussion regarding their treatment options and potential impact on quality of life. Functional outcomes should be routinely recorded as part of follow up alongside oncological parameters

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements