ผลของกระแสไฟฟ้าที่ใช้ในการรักษาทางกายภาพบำบัดต่อการซึมผ่านของยาโซเดียมไดโคลฟิแนค Effects of Physical Therapy Electrotherapeutic Modalities on Sodium Diclofenac Permeation

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of usingelectrotherapeutic modalities, galvanic current (GC) and high voltagepulsed current (HVPC) on sodium diclofenac permeation through shedsnake skin. Methods: Franz diffusion cell was used as a model ofpermeation study in four different conditions: 1) passive diffusion, 2) GC at1 mA, 3) HVPC at 150 volts and 4) HVPC at 500 volts. All conditions wereinvestigated at two different time points, 5 and 10 minutes.Spectrophotometry was used to determine the concentration of drugs. The1 mg/ml sodium diclofenac was used. Results: The results of this studyrevealed that using HVPC at 500 volts exhibited highest enhancement ofsodium diclofenac permeation, 10.41 and 22.19 g/cm2 at 5 and 10minutes, respectively. High voltage pulsed current at 150 volts was showncomparable result to GC condition. In addition, fold increment of thepermeation GC, HVPC at 150 volts and HVPC at 500 volts when comparewith passive diffusion was 3, 4, 12 at 10 minutes and 2, 3, 8 at 5 minute,respectively. Conclusion: High voltage pulsed current exhibited betterpermeation of sodium diclofenac than GC. Further studies are required toevaluate the compliance of this electrical stimulation to obtain thoroughlyinformation prior transfer to clinical application.Keywords: electroporation, iontophoresis, high voltage pulsed current,Franz diffusion cell, electrical stimulatio

RNAi for Treating Hepatitis B Viral Infection

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the leading causes of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current treatment strategies of HBV infection including the use of interferon (IFN)-α and nucleotide analogues such as lamivudine and adefovir have met with only partial success. Therefore, it is necessary to develop more effective antiviral therapies that can clear HBV infection with fewer side effects. RNA interference (RNAi), by which a small interfering RNA (siRNA) induces the gene silence at a post-transcriptional level, has the potential of treating HBV infection. The successful use of chemically synthesized siRNA, endogenous expression of small hairpin RNA (shRNA) or microRNA (miRNA) to silence the target gene make this technology towards a potentially rational therapeutics for HBV infection. However, several challenges including poor siRNA stability, inefficient cellular uptake, widespread biodistribution and non-specific effects need to be overcome. In this review, we discuss several strategies for improving the anti-HBV therapeutic efficacy of siRNAs, while avoiding their off-target effects and immunostimulation. There is an in-depth discussion on the (1) mechanisms of RNAi, (2) methods for siRNA/shRNA production, (3) barriers to RNAi-based therapies, and (4) delivery strategies of siRNA for treating HBV infection

Glycosylation-mediated targeting of carriers

For safe and effective therapy, drugs should be delivered selectively to their target tissues or cells at an optimal rate. Drug delivery system technology maximizes the therapeutic efficacy and minimizes unfavorable drug actions by controlling their distribution profiles. Ligand-receptor binding is a typical example of specific recognition mechanisms in the body; therefore, ligand-modified drug carriers have been developed for active targeting based on receptor-mediated endocytosis. Among the various ligands reported thus far, sugar recognition is a promising approach for active targeting because of their high affinity and expression. Glycosylation has been applied for both macromolecular and liposomal carriers for cell-selective drug targeting. Recently, the combination of ultrasound exposure and glycosylated bubble liposomes has been developed. In this review, recent advances of glycosylation-mediated targeted drug delivery systems are discussed

カン ジッシツ サイボウ センタクテキ ヤクブツ ソウタツ オ モクテキ ト シタ ガラクトース シュウショク リポソーム オヨビ エマルション セイザイ ノ カイハツ

京都大学0048新制・課程博士博士(薬学)甲第11491号薬博第573号新制||薬||212(附属図書館)23134UT51-2005-D241京都大学大学院薬学研究科医療薬科学専攻(主査)教授 橋田 充, 教授 髙倉 喜信, 教授 乾 賢一学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Pharmaceutical SciencesKyoto UniversityDA