Magnetic field analysis using the improved global particle swarm optimization algorithm to estimate the depth and approximate shape of the buried mass

In this paper, the optimization algorithm based on the population as improved global particle swarm optimization is described and used for inverse modelling of two-dimensional magnetic field data. This algorithm is able to estimate the parameters of depth, shape factor, amplitude coefficient, magnetic inclination angle and origin point coordinates. To evaluate the efficiency of this method, the magnetic field of an artificial model was analysed, with and without added random noise. The results suggest that the proposed algorithm is capable of model parameter estimation with high accuracy. Accordingly, the improved global particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to analyse the magnetic field of the study area in the Ileh region in Iran located in Taybad city. The study area is very rich in terms of iron resources. The estimate for the study area is that the depth of the buried mass centre is about 114.9 m and its approximate shape is similar to a horizontal cylinder based on the calculated shape factor value which is 1.76. The calculated depth is an acceptable match with the average depth of drillings

Cranial nerve involvement among COVID-19 survivors

IntroductionCOVID-19 was first reported in November 2019 in China and rapidly spread across the globe. COVID-19 causes neurologic symptoms and complications, which may persist even after recovery in patients. The objective of this research was to determine the involvement of cranial nerves in COVID-19 survivors.MethodThis was a retrospective study. The study was conducted between March and July of 2022. The analysis included 98 patients with a certain positive polymerase chain reaction. SPSS software version 19 was utilized for data analysis.ResultsThe average age of the participants was 40.47 years (8.81). The olfactory nerve was found to be the most frequently involved cranial nerve (36.7%). Over 20% of participants had a taste disorder. The findings from the regression analysis indicated that lung involvement and age have a direct and significant relationship with cranial nerve involvement and can serve as its predictors (p = 0.001).ConclusionIt seems that cranial nerve involvement was sustained in COVID-19 patients who survived. In addition, elderly patients and patients with severe illnesses were more likely to show cranial symptoms. It is necessary to monitor COVID-19 survivors for neurological symptoms

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

«مرگ» از دیدگاه طب سنّتی ایران با تأکید بر آثار علامه قطب‌الدین شیرازی

AllamaQutb al-DinShirazi&nbsp;(634-710 AH) was a physician, philosopher, astronomer, mathematician, scholar and musician in Islamic golden age. He was one of the most famous students&nbsp;of KhwajaNasirToosi&nbsp;and the most famous interpreter of&nbsp;IbnSina's Canon of Medicine. Most of his theories were a detailed and comprehensive form of his predecessor's theories. Among these cases, his theory about the meaning of "death" is discussed here. He made detailed discussions about death. He focused on the definition of death initially, and then described its physiopathology from the perspective of Iranian traditional medicine. He also talked about life span, its usual rate, and the maximum of lifetime experimentally. Finally, he discussed about association between health recommendation and delaying death. Allama's&nbsp;medical explanation of the death is greatly influenced by the Aristotelian philosophical approach to the concept of life and death. Most of the physiological explanation of death is based upon concepts that living organism ware defined; Concepts such as spirit, natural heat and moisture, chief organs, medical spirits, pulse, and breathing.علامه قطب‌الدین شیرازی (634-710 ه.ق) حکیم، طبیب، فیلسوف، منجّم، ریاضی‌دان، ادیب و موسیقی‌دان قرن هفتم و هشتم هجری قمری است. او از شاگردان نامی خواجه‌نصیرالدین طوسی و معروف‌ترین شارح قانون ابن‌سینا است. وی در علوم گوناگون صاحب نظریه‏هایی است که مشروح و مبسوط نظریه‏های پیشینیان اوست. از میان این موارد، نظریه‌ او درباره&nbsp; مفهوم «مرگ» است. وی ضمن بحثی تشریحی درخصوص مرگ، در ابتدا به تعریف مرگ می‏پردازد و سپس فیزیوپاتولوژی آن را از دیدگاه طب قدیم بیان می‌کند. علامه هم‎چنین درخصوص طول عمر، میزان معمول آن و حداکثر طول عمر از نظر تجربه سخن گفته است و در انتها به بحث حفظ‌الصحه از منظر ارتباط با موت پرداخته و هدف این علم را تأخیر موت تا اجل طبیعی دانسته است. تبیین طبی علامه از مرگ، به‌شدت متأثّر از نوع نگاه فلسفی مشایی به مفهوم حیات و مرگ است. تبیین فیزیولوژیک مرگ بیشتر به شکل سلبی و بر اساس مفاهیمی است که حیات موجود زنده بر آن اساس تعریف می‏شود. مفاهیمی مانند نفس، حرارت و رطوبت غریزی، اعضای رئیسه، ارواح طبی، قوا، نبض و تنفس، نمونه‎هایی از این مفاهیم هستند

Visual Comfort Assessment of Hospital Patient Rooms with Climate Responsive Facades

As advanced technologies become prevalent, they are being used more widely in numerous fields. The building sector is not an exception. One of these cutting-edge technologies is responsive facades, which are used in buildings and have an undeniable effect on daylighting. However, they have not been adequately evaluated for improving visual comfort in hospitals. This study investigates visual comfort in a standard patient room, based on applying four responsive facades. Simulations were conducted using HoneybeePlus, a plugin in the Grasshopper. Simulation-based results of annual indicators, including Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) and spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA), showed that different facades could result in several optimal modes. Furthermore, a more comprehensive investigation should consider factors such as Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) and Daylight Glare Index (DGI). Glare indicators revealed that facade directly affects patient visual comfort and can even have an adverse effect. When the optimal responsive facade is chosen, it enhances users' visual comfort throughout the year, yet there will be still glare probability in some cases. Based on the results, this probability decreases as patient distance increases, and Window to Wall Ratio (WWR) is not particularly effective in reducing glare. Nevertheless, when it comes to daylight availability, WWR cannot be ignored, and the first façade with WWR 60% showed the best overall performance

Effect of Sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) Aqueous Extract on Liver Enzymes and Anxious Behavior Caused by Lead Poisoning in Rat

Background and purpose: Controlling the toxic effects of lead in biological systems is highly important. This study investigated the effect of sumac (Rhus coriaria L.) aqueous extract on liver enzymes in lead poisoning and behavioral changes in rats. Materials and methods: This interventional study was performed in 7 groups of rats: control, drinking lead acetate at 500, 1000 and 1500 ppm, sumac aqueous extract 250 mg/kg and lead acetate in drinking water for 29 days. On the last day, after weighing, elevated plus-maze (EPM) test was performed. The serum was separated to measure Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), and Aspartate transaminase (AST). Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations in liver and brain tissues were also determined. Results: The highest average weight at the end, was seen in the group that received 1500 ppm lead acetate. The highest concentrations of liver and brain MDA were observed also in this group (18.0 ± 6.766 and 15.43 ± 0.432μmol /ml, respectively) which was higher compared to the control group, 500ppm lead group, and the extract group (P<0.01). The greatest and lowest TAC were found in the control group (333.00 ± 22.204 μmol/ml) and the 1500 ppm lead group (96.96 ± 6.669 μmol/ml), respectively (P<0.01). The ALT and AST concentrations were low in the control group and high in the 1500 ppm lead group. The minimum time passed in the open arm in the 1500 ppm lead group was 14.42%±8.247 which was lower compared to the control group (P <0.01). Conclusion: In current study, sumac aqueous extract reduced the concentrations of liver enzymes in lead poisoning conditions. However, it had no significant effect on controlling lead induced anxiety

The association between TIPARP gene polymorphisms rs2665390 and ovarian cancer susceptibility

Background: Ovarian cancer is taken as the most typical malignancy among women and the ninth most typical cancer in Iran. Predictive tools are of great importance as ovarian cancer is usually detected in patients at later stages of the disease. In other countries, the TIPARP gene rs2665390 has been reported to be pertinent to ovarian cancer as a risk factor. This study aims to examine if this polymorphism pertains to the risk of ovarian cancer to diagnose suitable biomarkers in the Iranian population. Method: In the present case-control piliot study, peripheral blood samples were gathered from 60 control subjects and 60 patients with ovarian cancer. The gene was determined by Tetra ARMS PCR after DNA extraction. Tetra ARMS PCR is a flexible, rapid, and cost-effective method to detect allele-specific DNA polymorphisms. The data were analyzed by chi-square test. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant association between the T/T and C/C genotypes distribution and C and T allele in ovarian cancer for rs2665390 polymorphism in the two populations. In addition, significant correlations were observed in patients with the (T/T) genotype (p = 0.0048) as frequencies of ovarian cancer decreased. Discussion &amp; Conclusions: Based on the results, rs2665390 polymorphism of TiPARP gene might be pertained to the susceptibility of ovarian cancer in the Iranian pilot population, which can be used as a suitable biomarker for the population and help physicians with their predictions. However, more studies need to be conducted in this area to broaden our horizons on this issue

Effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on stereological parameters and extravillous trophoblast cells of placenta compared to the control group

The quantitative changes of extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) in placenta of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients were investigated compared to healthy controls using stereological methods. The volumetric parameters of the placenta and EVTs were estimated using Cavalieri’s principle and Physical Disector stereological methods. The placental volume and weight in the GDM group increased compared to the control group (p < .05). The difference in the total volume of intervillous space and blood vessels of the placenta between GDM and control groups was statistically significant (p < .05). In addition, there was a significant difference in the volume density of blood vessels and syncytiotrophoblast between the GDM group and the control group (p < .05). The total volume of the EVTs, nucleus and cytoplasm diameter, volume of the nucleus and cytoplasm, nucleus to cytoplasm ratio (N/C) of EVTs and the total number of EVTs per unit volume of the placenta in the GDM group showed a significant increase compared to the controls (p < .05).Impact statement What is already known on this subject? It is reported that extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) played an important role in pregnancy complications. There are limited studies on the quantitative changes of EVTs in the placental bed of GDM patients. What do the results of this study add? The results showed that volumetric parameters and number of EVTs were significantly altered in GDM placentas. These changes can be associated with disturbances in trophoblastic invasion in GDM pregnancies and may affect the development and survival of the embryo. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In the present study, there is a new insight to placenta structure that probably could be useful to understanding possible mechanisms of pregnancy complications and the achievement of new therapeutic strategies. Further investigation on the molecular biology of these cells in pregnancy complications will be needed to clarify this hypothesis

Application of an Acellular Dermal Matrix Allograft (CenoDerm) for Treatment of Multiple Gingival Recession Defects: A Case Report with One-year Follow-up

Several techniques and materials have been introduced for the treatment of gingival recession defects. This article reports the case of a 43-year old female patient with chief complaint of esthetic problem, presenting multiple gingival recession defects in anterior maxilla. CenoDerm combined with coronally positioned flap was used for management of six teeth with gingival recession. Complete root coverage was achieved in 66.6% of treated sites in one-year follow-up and the patient was satisfied with the esthetic result. The mean root coverage was 86.0% ± 22.3. The mean recession depth reduction and clinical attachment gain were 1.8 ± 0.8 mm and 2.5 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. According to th