507 research outputs found
Supersymmetry enhancement by monopole operators
We describe a method which allows one to study hidden symmetries in a large
class of strongly coupled supersymmetric gauge theories in three dimensions. We
apply this method to the ABJM theory and to the infrared limit of N=4 SQCD with
adjoint and fundamental matter. We show that the U(N) ABJM model with
Chern-Simons level k=1 or k=2 has hidden N=8 supersymmetry. Hidden
supersymmetry is also shown to occur in N=4 d=3 SQCD with one fundamental and
one adjoint hypermultiplet. The latter theory, as well as the U(N) ABJM theory
at k=1, are shown to have a decoupled free sector. This provides evidence that
both models are dual to the infrared limit of N=8 U(N) super-Yang-Mills theory.Comment: 29 pages, late
New and old N=8 superconformal field theories in three dimensions
We show that an infinite family of N=6 d=3 superconformal Chern-Simons-matter
theories has hidden N=8 superconformal symmetry and hidden parity on the
quantum level. This family of theories is different from the one found by
Aharony, Bergman, Jafferis and Maldacena, as well as from the theories
constructed by Bagger and Lambert, and Gustavsson. We also test several
conjectural dualities between BLG theories and ABJ theories by comparing
superconformal indices of these theories.Comment: 16 pages, late
The electric dipole response of Se above 4 MeV
The dipole response of Se in the energy range 4 to 9 MeV has been
analyzed using a polarized photon scattering
technique, performed at the High Intensity -Ray Source facility, to
complement previous work performed using unpolarized photons. The results of
this work offer both an enhanced sensitivity scan of the dipole response and an
unambiguous determination of the parities of the observed J=1 states. The
dipole response is found to be dominated by excitations, and can
reasonably be attributed to a pygmy dipole resonance. Evidence is presented to
suggest that a significant amount of directly unobserved excitation strength is
present in the region, due to unobserved branching transitions in the decays of
resonantly excited states. The dipole response of the region is underestimated
when considering only ground state decay branches. We investigate the electric
dipole response theoretically, performing calculations in a 3D cartesian-basis
time-dependent Skyrme-Hartree-Fock framework.Comment: 20 pages, 18 figures, to be submitted to PR
Monopoles, three-algebras and ABJM theories with supersymmetry
We extend the hermitian three-algebra formulation of ABJM theory to include
factors. With attention payed to extra factors, we refine the
classification of ABJM theories. We argue that essentially the only
allowed gauge groups are , and
and that we have only one independent Chern-Simons level in
all these cases. Our argument is based on integrality of the
Chern-Simons levels and supersymmetry. A relation between monopole operators
and Wilson lines in Chern-Simons theory suggests certain gauge representations
of the monopole operators. From this we classify cases where we can not expect
enhanced supersymmetry. We also show that there are two equivalent
formulations of ABJM theories, based on hermitian three-algebra and
quaternionic three-algebra respectively. We suggest properties of monopoles in
theories and show how these monopoles may enhance supersymmetry from
to .Comment: 52 page
A remark on the asymptotic form of BPS multi-dyon solutions and their conserved charges
A Role for Cytoplasmic PML in Cellular Resistance to Viral Infection
PML gene was discovered as a fusion partner with retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α in the t(15:17) chromosomal translocation associated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). Nuclear PML protein has been implicated in cell growth, tumor suppression, apoptosis, transcriptional regulation, chromatin remodeling, DNA repair, and anti-viral defense. The localization pattern of promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is drastically altered during viral infection. This alteration is traditionally viewed as a viral strategy to promote viral replication. Although multiple PML splice variants exist, we demonstrate that the ratio of a subset of cytoplasmic PML isoforms lacking exons 5 & 6 is enriched in cells exposed to herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1). In particular, we demonstrate that a PML isoform lacking exons 5 & 6, called PML Ib, mediates the intrinsic cellular defense against HSV-1 via the cytoplasmic sequestration of the infected cell protein (ICP) 0 of HSV-1. The results herein highlight the importance of cytoplasmic PML and call for an alternative, although not necessarily exclusive, interpretation regarding the redistribution of PML that is seen in virally infected cells
Molecular architecture and activation of the insecticidal protein Vip3Aa from Bacillus thuringiensis
Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3 (Vegetative Insecticidal Protein 3) toxins are widely used in biotech crops to control Lepidopteran pests. These proteins are produced as inactive protoxins that need to be activated by midgut proteases to trigger cell death. However, little is known about their three-dimensional organization and activation mechanism at the molecular level. Here, we have determined the structures of the protoxin and the protease-activated state of Vip3Aa at 2.9âĂ
using cryo-electron microscopy. The reconstructions show that the protoxin assembles into a pyramid-shaped tetramer with the C-terminal domains exposed to the solvent and the N-terminal region folded into a spring-loaded apex that, after protease activation, drastically remodels into an extended needle by a mechanism akin to that of influenza haemagglutinin. These results provide the molecular basis for Vip3 activation and function, and serves as a strong foundation for the development of more efficient insecticidal proteins
Variations in cardiovascular disease under-diagnosis in England: national cross-sectional spatial analysis
BACKGROUND:
There is under-diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the English population, despite financial incentives to encourage general practices to register new cases. We compared the modelled (expected) and diagnosed (observed) prevalence of three cardiovascular conditions- coronary heart disease (CHD), hypertension and stroke- at local level, their geographical variation, and population and healthcare predictors which might influence diagnosis.
METHODS:
Cross-sectional observational study in all English local authorities (351) and general practices (8,372) comparing model-based expected prevalence with diagnosed prevalence on practice disease registers. Spatial analyses were used to identify geographic clusters and variation in regression relationships.
RESULTS:
A total of 9,682,176 patients were on practice CHD, stroke and transient ischaemic attack, and hypertension registers. There was wide spatial variation in observed: expected prevalence ratios for all three diseases, with less than five per cent of expected cases diagnosed in some areas. London and the surrounding area showed statistically significant discrepancies in observed: expected prevalence ratios, with observed prevalence much lower than the epidemiological models predicted. The addition of general practitioner supply as a variable yielded stronger regression results for all three conditions.
CONCLUSIONS:
Despite almost universal access to free primary healthcare, there may be significant and highly variable under-diagnosis of CVD across England, which can be partially explained by persistent inequity in GP supply. Disease management studies should consider the possible impact of under-diagnosis on population health outcomes. Compared to classical regression modelling, spatial analytic techniques can provide additional information on risk factors for under-diagnosis, and can suggest where healthcare resources may be most needed
Observation of associated near-side and away-side long-range correlations in âsNN=5.02ââTeV proton-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector
Two-particle correlations in relative azimuthal angle (ÎÏ) and pseudorapidity (Îη) are measured in âsNN=5.02ââTeV p+Pb collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The measurements are performed using approximately 1ââÎŒb-1 of data as a function of transverse momentum (pT) and the transverse energy (ÎŁETPb) summed over 3.1<η<4.9 in the direction of the Pb beam. The correlation function, constructed from charged particles, exhibits a long-range (2<|Îη|<5) ânear-sideâ (ÎÏâŒ0) correlation that grows rapidly with increasing ÎŁETPb. A long-range âaway-sideâ (ÎÏâŒÏ) correlation, obtained by subtracting the expected contributions from recoiling dijets and other sources estimated using events with small ÎŁETPb, is found to match the near-side correlation in magnitude, shape (in Îη and ÎÏ) and ÎŁETPb dependence. The resultant ÎÏ correlation is approximately symmetric about Ï/2, and is consistent with a dominant cosâĄ2ÎÏ modulation for all ÎŁETPb ranges and particle pT
Measurement of the cross-section of high transverse momentum vector bosons reconstructed as single jets and studies of jet substructure in pp collisions at âs = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector
This paper presents a measurement of the cross-section for high transverse momentum W and Z bosons produced in pp collisions and decaying to all-hadronic final states. The data used in the analysis were recorded by the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of âs = 7 TeV;{\rm Te}{\rm V}4.6\;{\rm f}{{{\rm b}}^{-1}}{{p}_{{\rm T}}}\gt 320\;{\rm Ge}{\rm V}|\eta |\lt 1.9{{\sigma }_{W+Z}}=8.5\pm 1.7$ pb and is compared to next-to-leading-order calculations. The selected events are further used to study jet grooming techniques
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