A Conceptual framework for data sharing and exchanging in the Extended Enterprise

International audienc

Tolerancia a la salinidad del pasto Banderita [Bouteluoa curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.] en la etapa de germinación en dos regímenes de temperaturas

El pasto Banderita es un forraje nativo de México, con gran potencial socio-económico para la ganadería extensiva; sin embargo, la información sobre su tolerancia a la salinidad es escasa. Para evaluar el efecto de diferentes sales y concentraciones sobre su germinación, se utilizaron cariópsides de reciente cosecha. Las salinidades sulfático-sódica y NaHCO3 de pH alcalino, registraron el menor porcentaje de germinación, en las sales: clorhídrica y CaCl2.2H2O con pH ácido, el mayor valor. El efecto de sales combinadas fue benéfico para la germinación; ésta es inversamente proporcional al incremento de solución salina. Un incremento de temperatura favoreció la germinación, disminuyó la toxicidad de los cloruros y permitió que las semillas soportaran mayores concentraciones de salinidad.El pasto Banderita es un forraje nativo de México, con gran potencial socioeconómico para la ganadería extensiva; sin embargo, la información sobre su tolerancia a la salinidad es escasa. Para evaluar el efecto de diferentes sales y concentraciones sobre su germinación, se utilizaron cariópsides de reciente cosecha. Las salinidades sulfáticosódica y NaHCO3 de pH alcalino, registraron el menor porcentaje de germinación, en las sales: clorhídrica y CaCl2 . 2H2O con pH ácido, el mayor valor. El efecto de sales combinadas fue benéÀco para la germinación; ésta es inversamente proporcional al incremento de solución salina. Un incremento de temperatura favoreció la germinación, disminuyó la toxicidad de los cloruros y permitió que las semillas soportaran mayores concentraciones de salinidad

Efecto de la salinidad y la temperatura sobre el crecimiento del pasto Banderita [Bouteluoa curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.]

Para analizar la respuesta del crecimiento de pasto Banderita a la salinidad se diseñó un experimento bifactorial de 11 tipos de sales a 8 concentraciones (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 15, 19 y 28 dS m-1) y dos temperaturas (19 + 4 y 20 ºC), durante 15 días. Las sales que permitieron el mayor crecimiento fueron CaCl2.2H2O y clorhídrico-sulfática; el NaHCO3 y la salinidad sulfática registraron el menor crecimiento. Las sales geoquímicas permitieron el desarrollo vegetativo mayor en comparación con las sales puras. El crecimiento disminuyó al incrementarse la conductividad eléctrica de la sal. El desarrollo de la radícula fue menor al de la parte aérea tanto a temperatura ambiente como a temperatura controlada.Para analizar la respuesta del crecimiento de pasto Banderita a la salinidad se diseñó un experimento bifactorial de 11 tipos de sales a 8 concentraciones (0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 15, 19 y 28 dS m-1) y dos temperaturas (19 + 4 y 20 ºC), durante 15 días. Las sales que permitieron el mayor crecimiento fueron CaCl2.2H2O y clorhídrico-sulfática; el NaHCO3 y la salinidad sulfática registraron el menor crecimiento. Las sales geoquímicas permitieron el desarrollo vegetativo mayor en comparación con las sales puras. El crecimiento disminuyó al incrementarse la conductividad eléctrica de la sal. El desarrollo de la radícula fue menor al de la parte aérea tanto a temperatura ambiente como a temperatura controlada

Determinación del coeficiente convectivo de transferencia de calor en el proceso de escaldado de mora castilla (rubus glaucus benth) por el método de elementos finitos

La transferencia de calor en la mora de Castilla (Rubus glaucus Benth), la cual es una baya de aspecto elipsoidal formada por pequeñas drupas adheridas a un receptáculo. Esta fruta presenta un modelo geométrico irregular, para solucionar el modelo matemático de la transferencia de calor de cuerpos irregulares se utilizan los métodos numéricos y uno de los más aplicados es el método de los elementos finitos, el cual divide al objeto en elementos pequeños y así se resuelve el problema planteado como una serie de ecuaciones algebraicas simultáneas en lugar de requerir la solución de las ecuaciones diferenciales complejas, para esto se aplican modelos computacionales integrados a un software. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar el coeficiente convectivo de transferencia de calor h en el proceso de escaldado de la mora Castilla con agua, como fluido de calentamiento, a temperatura de 70°C, 80°C y 90°C. La medición de la temperatura del centro geométrico de las moras Castilla se realizó con termopares tipo K referencia NI USB-TC01 (National Instruments) y la simulación del modelo del proceso de escaldado fue realizada con el software COMSOLTM Multiphysics 3.5 (versión evaluación). El coeficiente convectivo (h) se determinó resolviendo un problema de optimización para encontrar el mínimo error medio relativo absoluto entre la temperatura del centro geométrico experimental y la temperatura del centro geométrico obtenida por simulación del modelo. Los valores obtenidos de h para 70°C, 80°C y 90°C fueron 504,5 W/m2°C, 382,5 W/m2°C y 567 W/m2°C, respectivamente, y el error medio relativo absoluto estuvo entre 0,4% y 3,75%

Effect of storage time of multiple-nutrient blocks on intake and digestibility of prairie hay by sheeps

Twelve intact male African hair sheep (4 mo of age and 16 kg liveweight) were used to compare the digestibilities of three diets: T1 (control), Brachiaria humidicola hay ad libitum; (T2), hay plus a multinutrient block (MB) stored for 15 d; T3, hay plus aMB stored for 45 d. The sole formula (%) of the MB’s was: cane molasses, 40.0%; corn meal, 26.75%; ground limestone, 10.0%; salt, 10.0%; mineral supplement, 8.0%; urea, 5.0%; and sulfur, 0.25%. Following 12 d to accustom the animals to metabolism stalls, feces and urine were collected for 6 d. Daily dry matter (DM) intake from hay increased from 697 g in T1 to 700 g in T2 (P<.05) and 657 g in T3 (P>.05), while corresponding increases in totalDM(P<.05) were to 902 and 834 g in T2 and T3.DM digestibility of T1 was lowest (49.8%), that of T2 highest (69.9%) and that of T3 intermediate (63.4%), all three differing (P<.05); the same was true of crude protein digestibility (62.9, 75.6 and 72.0% for T1, T2, and T3). DM digestibility of the MB, determined by difference, was 141% and 110% for T2 and T3, indicating positive associative effects of MB on digestion of the hay. Daily nitrogen retention in the body was 39.9, 68.4 and 62.7 g in T1, T2, and T3, with three differences (P<.05). The fresher MB gave better results, but the MB stored for a longer period retained a large part of its effectiveness to improve the diet based on prairie hay

Comparative UAV and field phenotyping to assess yield and nitrogen use efficiency in hibrid and conventional barley

With the commercialization and increasing availability of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) multiple rotor copters have expanded rapidly in plant phenotyping studies with their ability to provide clear, high resolution images. As such, the traditional bottleneck of plant phenotyping has shifted from data collection to data processing. Fortunately, the necessarily controlled and repetitive design of plant phenotyping allows for the development of semi-automatic computer processing tools that may sufficiently reduce the time spent in data extraction. Here we present a comparison of UAV and field based high throughput plant phenotyping (HTPP) using the free, open-source image analysis software FIJI (Fiji is just ImageJ) using RGB (conventional digital cameras), multispectral and thermal aerial imagery in combination with a matching suite of ground sensors in a study of two hybrids and one conventional barely variety with ten different nitrogen treatments, combining different fertilization levels and application schedules. A detailed correlation network for physiological traits and exploration of the data comparing between treatments and varieties provided insights into crop performance under different management scenarios. Multivariate regression models explained 77.8, 71.6, and 82.7% of the variance in yield from aerial, ground, and combined data sets, respectively

La vid silvestre en México. Actualidades y potencial

En ocho capítulos se aborda el estado del arte de la vid silvestre en MéxicoEl estudio de las especies vegetales nativas de México representa un reto que cada día más investigadores mexicanos asumen. Durante muchos años, el apoyo a la investigación pública ha sido mínimo; desde el punto de vista agronómico es insuficiente para avanzar a la velocidad que requiere nuestro país para afrontar problemas de producción y distribución de alimentos. Por esa razón, entre otras, me es grato presentar esta obra que compila parte de los trabajos de la Red de Vid Silvestre patrocinada por el Sistema Nacional de Recursos Fitogenéticos (sinarefi) dependiente de la sagarpa; trabajos apuntalados por investigadores que sin pertenecer a la red han colaborado en el estudio de las plantas del género Vitis. En este libro se muestra el potencial del país para aprovechar el recurso vid, empleado desde antes de la conquista española por nativos mexicanos que conocían sus bondades. Es necesario continuar el avance en el conocimiento de este recurso, por ello el presente libro pretende invitar a toda persona interesada en contribuir con el rescate y conservación de las vides mexicanas. Los autores y editores, así como las instituciones en donde laboramos y aquellas que patrocinan estas investigaciones, esperamos se cumpla este objetivo y que el lector, alumno, profesor, investigador, público en general, disfrute esta lectura y, sobre todo, se interese en el recurso VitisSEP, SINAREFI, UAEME

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide