693 research outputs found

    Randomized Clinical Trials of obesity treatments in Mexican population. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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    Background: Mexicans and Mexican Americans share similar culture, genetic background, and predisposition for obesity and diabetes. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) assessing obesity treatments (ObT) are reliable to assess efficacy. To date, there is no systematic review to investigate ObT tested by RCT in Mexican adults. Methods: We conducted systematic searches in Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science to retrieve ObT RCT from 1990 to 2019. The ObT included alternative medicine, pharmacological, nutritional, behavioral, and surgical interventions. The analyzed RCT were at least three months of duration, and reported: BMI, weight, waist circumference, triglycerides, glucose and blood pressure. Results: We found 634 entries; after removal of duplicates and exclusions based on eligibility criteria, we analyzed 43 and 2 multinational-collaborative studies. Most of the national studies had small sample sizes, and did not have replications from other studies. The nutrition/behavioral interventions were difficult to blind, and most studies had medium to high risk of bias. Random effects meta-analysis of nutritional/behavioral interventions and medications showed effects on BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Simple measures like plain water instead of sweet beverages decreased triglycerides and systolic blood pressure. Participants with obesity and hypertension had beneficial effects with antioxidants, and the treatment with insulin increased weight in those with T2D. Conclusions: The RCT’s in Mexico reported effects on metabolic components despite small sample sizes and lack of replication. In the future we should analyze ObT in population living on the U.S.-Mexico border; therefore, bi-national collaboration is desirable to disentangle cultural effects on ObT response

    Looking for Crumbs in the Obesity Forest: Anti-obesity Interventions and Obesity-Associated Cardiometabolic Traits in the Mexican Population. History and Systematic Review With Meta-Analyses

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    Mexicans and Mexican Americans share culture, genetic background, and predisposition for chronic complications associated with obesity and diabetes making imperative efficacious treatments and prevention. Obesity has been treated for centuries focused-on weight loss while other treatments on associated conditions like gout, diabetes (T2D), and hypertriglyceridemia. To date, there is no systematic review that synthesizes the origin of obesity clinics in Mexico and the efforts to investigate treatments for obesity tested by randomized clinical trials (RCT). We conducted systematic searches in Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science to retrieve anti-obesity RCT through 2019 and without an inferior temporal limit. The systematic review included RCT of anti-obesity treatments in the Mexican adult population, covering alternative medicine, pharmacological, nutritional, behavioral, and surgical interventions reporting metabolism-associated traits such as BMI, weight, waist circumference, triglycerides, glucose, among others. Only the studies with at least 3 months of treatment were included in the meta-analyses in order to reduce placebo effects. We found 634 entries, after removal of duplicates and screening the studies based on eligibility criteria, we analyzed 43 national, and 2 multinational-collaborative studies. Most of the national studies had small sample sizes, and the implemented strategies do not have replications in the population. The nutrition/behavioral interventions were difficult to blind, and most studies have medium-to-high risk of bias. Nutritional/behavioral interventions and medications showed effects on BMI, waist circumference, and blood pressure. Simple measures like pure water instead of sweet beverages decrease triglycerides and systolic blood pressure. Dark chocolate showed the highest effect for BMI and high blood pressure, and treatment with insulin increased weight in those with T2D. The study of obesity in Mexico has been on-going for more than four decades, the interest on RCT just increased until this millennium, but with small sample sizes and lack of replication. The interventions affect different cardiometabolic associated traits, which should be analyzed in detail in the population living near the Mexico-U.S. border; therefore, bi-national collaboration is desirable to disentangle the cultural effects on this population\u27s treatment response

    Cost-effective method to perform SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance: detection of Alpha, Gamma, Lambda, Delta, Epsilon, and Zeta in Argentina

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    SARS-CoV-2 variants with concerning characteristics have emerged since the end of 2020. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants was performed on a total of 4,851 samples from the capital city and 10 provinces of Argentina, during 51 epidemiological weeks (EWs) that covered the end of the first wave and the ongoing second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country (EW 44/2020 to EW 41/2021). The surveillance strategy was mainly based on Sanger sequencing of a Spike coding region that allows the identification of signature mutations associated with variants. In addition, whole-genome sequences were obtained from 637 samples. The main variants found were Gamma and Lambda, and to a lesser extent, Alpha, Zeta, and Epsilon, and more recently, Delta. Whereas, Gamma dominated in different regions of the country, both Gamma and Lambda prevailed in the most populated area, the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires. The lineages that circulated on the first wave were replaced by emergent variants in a term of a few weeks. At the end of the ongoing second wave, Delta began to be detected, replacing Gamma and Lambda. This scenario is consistent with the Latin American variant landscape, so far characterized by a concurrent increase in Delta circulation and a stabilization in the number of cases. The cost-effective surveillance protocol presented here allowed for a rapid response in a resource-limited setting, added information on the expansion of Lambda in South America, and contributed to the implementation of public health measures to control the disease spread in Argentina.Fil: Torres, Carolina. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular (ibavim) ; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica ; Universidad de Buenos Aires; . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mojsiejczuk, Laura Noelia. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular (ibavim) ; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica ; Universidad de Buenos Aires; . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Acuña, Dolores. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez". Laboratorio de VirologĂ­a; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Alexay, SofĂ­a. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez". Laboratorio de VirologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Amadio, Ariel Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn de la Cadena LĂĄctea. - Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂ­a Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn de la Cadena LĂĄctea; ArgentinaFil: Aulicino, Paula. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de PediatrĂ­a "Juan P. Garrahan". Laboratorio de BiologĂ­a Celular y Retrovirus; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Debat, Humberto Julio. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂ­a Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de PatologĂ­a Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fay, Fabian. CIBIC Laboratorio; ArgentinaFil: FernĂĄndez, Franco. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂ­a Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de PatologĂ­a Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Giri, Adriana Angelica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico - CONICET -Rosario. Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Goya, Stephanie. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de PediatrĂ­a "Juan P. Garrahan". Laboratorio de BiologĂ­a Celular y Retrovirus; ArgentinaFil: König, Guido Alberto. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂ­a Agropecuaria. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn en Ciencias Veterinarias y AgronĂłmicas. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Lucero, Horacio. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Nabaes Jodar, Mercedes Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez". Laboratorio de VirologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Pianciola, Luis. Gobierno de la Provincia del NeuquĂ©n. Ministerio de Salud. SecretarĂ­a de Salud PĂșblica NeuquĂ©n; ArgentinaFil: Sfalcin, Javier A.. CIBIC Laboratorio; ArgentinaFil: Acevedo, RaĂșl Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de BotĂĄnica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de BotĂĄnica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Bengoa Luoni, Sofia Ailin. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂ­a Agropecuaria. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn en Ciencias Veterinarias y AgronĂłmicas. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Bolatti, Elisa Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de BiologĂ­a Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias BioquĂ­micas y FarmacĂ©uticas. Instituto de BiologĂ­a Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: BrusĂ©s, Bettina Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de BotĂĄnica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de BotĂĄnica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Cacciabue, Marco Polo Domingo. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂ­a Agropecuaria. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn en Ciencias Veterinarias y AgronĂłmicas. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Casal, Pablo Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de BiologĂ­a Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias BioquĂ­micas y FarmacĂ©uticas. Instituto de BiologĂ­a Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cerri, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de BiologĂ­a Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias BioquĂ­micas y FarmacĂ©uticas. Instituto de BiologĂ­a Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Chouhy, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de BiologĂ­a Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias BioquĂ­micas y FarmacĂ©uticas. Instituto de BiologĂ­a Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Dus Santos, MarĂ­a JosĂ©. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂ­a Agropecuaria. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn en Ciencias Veterinarias y AgronĂłmicas. Instituto de VirologĂ­a e Innovaciones TecnolĂłgicas. Grupo Vinculado Incuinta al IVIT | Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de VirologĂ­a e Innovaciones TecnolĂłgicas. Grupo Vinculado Incuinta al IVIT; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham; ArgentinaFil: Eberhardt, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn de la Cadena LĂĄctea. - Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂ­a Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn de la Cadena LĂĄctea; ArgentinaFil: FernĂĄndez, AilĂ©n. Gobierno de la Provincia del NeuquĂ©n. Ministerio de Salud. SecretarĂ­a de Salud PĂșblica NeuquĂ©n; ArgentinaFil: FernĂĄndez, Paula del Carmen. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂ­a Agropecuaria. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn en Ciencias Veterinarias y AgronĂłmicas. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: FernĂĄndez Do Porto, DarĂ­o Augusto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Calculo. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Calculo; ArgentinaFil: Formichelli, Laura BelĂ©n. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Gismondi, MarĂ­a InĂ©s. Universidad Nacional de Lujan. Departamento de Ciencias BĂĄsicas. Laboratorio de GenĂłmica Computacional; Argentina. CIBIC Laboratorio; ArgentinaFil: Irazoqui, JosĂ© MatĂ­as. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn de la Cadena LĂĄctea. - Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂ­a Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. EstaciĂłn Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de InvestigaciĂłn de la Cadena LĂĄctea; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzini Campos, Melina Noelia. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lusso, Silvina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez". Laboratorio de VirologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Marquez, Nathalie. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂ­a Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de PatologĂ­a Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Marianne. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂ­a Agropecuaria. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn en Ciencias Veterinarias y AgronĂłmicas. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Mussin, Javier Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Natale, MĂłnica InĂ©s. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez". Laboratorio de VirologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Oria, Griselda Ines. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Pisano, MarĂ­a BelĂ©n. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de VirologĂ­a Dr. J. M. Vanella; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Posner, Victoria Maria. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias BioquĂ­micas y FarmacĂ©uticas. Laboratorio de BiotecnologĂ­a AcuĂĄtica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Puebla, Andrea. Instituto Nacional de TecnologĂ­a Agropecuaria. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn en Ciencias Veterinarias y AgronĂłmicas. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de AgrobiotecnologĂ­a y BiologĂ­a Molecular; ArgentinaFil: RĂ©, Viviana Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de CĂłrdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de VirologĂ­a Dr. J. M. Vanella; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de QuĂ­mica BiolĂłgica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de QuĂ­mica BiolĂłgica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Villanova, Gabriela Vanina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias BioquĂ­micas y FarmacĂ©uticas. Laboratorio de BiotecnologĂ­a AcuĂĄtica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Zaiat, Jonathan Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Oficina de CoordinaciĂłn Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de QuĂ­mica BiolĂłgica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de QuĂ­mica BiolĂłgica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Zunino, SebastiĂĄn. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Blas Dubarry; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia del NeuquĂ©n. Ministerio de Salud. SecretarĂ­a de Salud PĂșblica NeuquĂ©n; ArgentinaFil: Acevedo, MarĂ­a Elina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez". Laboratorio de VirologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, JuliĂĄn. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias BioquĂ­micas y FarmacĂ©uticas; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez Lopez, Cristina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez". Laboratorio de VirologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Álvarez, MarĂ­a Laura. Gobierno de la Provincia de RĂ­o Negro. Hospital Zonal Doctor RamĂłn Carrillo; ArgentinaFil: Angeleri, Patricia. Gobierno de la Ciudad AutĂłnoma de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Angelletti, AndrĂ©s. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Salud PĂșblica; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal Especializado de Agudos y CrĂłnicos San Juan de Dios; ArgentinaFil: Arca, Manuel. Municipalidad de ConcepciĂłn del Uruguay (Entre RĂ­os). Hospital Justo JosĂ© de Urquiza; ArgentinaFil: Ayala, Natalia A.. Gobierno de la Provincia de Chaco. Ministerio de Salud Publica; ArgentinaFil: Barbas, Maria Gabriela. Gobierno de la Provincia de CĂłrdoba. Ministerio de Salud. SecretarĂ­a de PrevenciĂłn y PromociĂłn; ArgentinaFil: Bertone, Ana. Gobierno de la Provincia de La Pampa. Laboratorio de la DirecciĂłn de EpidemiologĂ­a. Santa Rosa; ArgentinaFil: Bonnet, Maria Agustina. Municipalidad de ConcepciĂłn del Uruguay (Entre RĂ­os). Hospital Justo JosĂ© de Urquiza; ArgentinaFil: Bourlot, Ignacio. Gobierno de la Provincia de Entre RĂ­os. Laboratorio de BiologĂ­a Molecular del Hospital Centenario. GualeguaychĂș; ArgentinaFil: Cabassi, MarĂ­a Victoria. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Salud PĂșblica; ArgentinaFil: Castello, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Gonzalo. Gobierno de la Provincia de CĂłrdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Laboratorio Central de la Provincia; ArgentinaFil: Cavatorta, Ana Laura. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias BioquĂ­micas y FarmacĂ©uticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ceriani, Maria Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. GobernaciĂłn. Comision de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Cimmino, Carlos JosĂ©. Instituto Nacional de EpidemiologĂ­a Dr. Jara. Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Cipelli, JuliĂĄn. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez". Laboratorio de VirologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Colmeiro, MarĂ­a. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal Especializado de Agudos y CrĂłnicos San Juan de Dios; ArgentinaFil: Cordero, AndrĂ©s. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Salud PĂșblica; ArgentinaFil: Cristina, Silvia Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Di Bella, Sofia. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal Especializado de Agudos y CrĂłnicos San Juan de Dios; ArgentinaFil: Dolcini, Guillermina Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. GobernaciĂłn. Comision de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Ercole, Regina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal Especializado de Agudos y CrĂłnicos San Juan de Dios; ArgentinaFil: Espasandin, Yesica Romina. Gobierno de la Provincia de RĂ­o Negro. Hospital Zonal Doctor RamĂłn Carrillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Espul, Carlos. Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza. Ministerio de Salud Desarrollo Social y Deportes; ArgentinaFil: Falaschi, Andrea. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal Especializado de Agudos y CrĂłnicos San Juan de Dios; ArgentinaFil: FernĂĄndez Moll, Facundo Lucio. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Bioinvestigaciones (Sede JunĂ­n); ArgentinaFil: Foussal, MarĂ­a Delia. Gobierno de la Provincia de Chaco. Hospital Julio CĂ©sar Perrando; ArgentinaFil: Gatelli, Andrea. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal Especializado de Agudos y CrĂłnicos San Juan de Dios; ArgentinaFil: Goñi, Sandra Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: JofrĂ©, MarĂ­a Estela. Laboratorio de BiologĂ­a Molecular BolĂ­var; ArgentinaFil: Jaramillo Ortiz, JosĂ© Manuel. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Blas Dubarry; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Labarta, Natalia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez". Laboratorio de VirologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Lacaze, MarĂ­a Agustina. Gobierno de la Provincia de San Luis. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Larreche Calahorrano, MarĂ­a RocĂ­o. Laboratorio de BiologĂ­a Molecular BolĂ­var; ArgentinaFil: Leiva, Viviana. Laboratorio de Salud PĂșblica; ArgentinaFil: Levin, Gustavo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Entre RĂ­os. Universidad Nacional de Entre RĂ­os. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Entre RĂ­os; ArgentinaFil: Luczak, Erica Natalia. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Evita; ArgentinaFil: Mandile, Marcelo GastĂłn. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marino, Gioia. Provincia de Chaco. Hospital PediĂĄtrico Dr. Avelino CastelĂĄn; ArgentinaFil: Massone, Carla Antonella. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Blas Dubarry; ArgentinaFil: Mazzeo, Melina. Gobierno de la Provincia del Neuquen. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Carla. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo GutiĂ©rrez". Laboratorio de VirologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Monaco, BelĂ©n. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Blas Dubarry; ArgentinaFil: Montoto, Luciana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); ArgentinaFil: Mugna, Viviana. Gobierno de la Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud. Laboratorio Central de la Provincia de Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Musto, Alejandra Beatriz. Laboratorio de Salud PĂșblica; ArgentinaFil: Nadalich, Victoria. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Salud PĂșblica; ArgentinaFil: Nieto FarĂ­as, MarĂ­a Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas y TĂ©cnicas. Centro CientĂ­fico TecnolĂłgico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. GobernaciĂłn. Comision de Investigaciones CientĂ­ficas. Centro de InvestigaciĂłn Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Ojeda, Guillermo. Gobierno de la Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud. Laboratorio Central de la Provincia de Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Piedrabuena, Andrea C.. Servicio de MicrobiologĂ­a. Hospital 4 de junio. Roque SĂĄenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Pintos, Carolina. Gobierno de la Provincia del Neuquen. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Pozzati, Marcia. Gobierno de la Ciudad AutĂłnoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Doctor Cosme Argerich; ArgentinaFil: Rahhal, Marilina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital El Cruce Doctor NĂ©stor Carlos Kirchner. Centro de Medicina Traslacional; ArgentinaFil: Rechimont, Claudia. Laboratorio de la DirecciĂłn de EpidemiologĂ­a; ArgentinaFil: Remes Lenicov, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaci

    Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

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    BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

    The genetic architecture of the human cerebral cortex

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    The cerebral cortex underlies our complex cognitive capabilities, yet little is known about the specific genetic loci that influence human cortical structure. To identify genetic variants that affect cortical structure, we conducted a genome-wide association meta-analysis of brain magnetic resonance imaging data from 51,665 individuals. We analyzed the surface area and average thickness of the whole cortex and 34 regions with known functional specializations. We identified 199 significant loci and found significant enrichment for loci influencing total surface area within regulatory elements that are active during prenatal cortical development, supporting the radial unit hypothesis. Loci that affect regional surface area cluster near genes in Wnt signaling pathways, which influence progenitor expansion and areal identity. Variation in cortical structure is genetically correlated with cognitive function, Parkinson's disease, insomnia, depression, neuroticism, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

    Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

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    Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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    A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

    Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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    A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

    Measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in the diphoton decay channel at root s=13 TeV

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    Measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in events where the Higgs boson decays into a pair of photons are reported. Events are selected from a sample of proton-proton collisions at root s = 13TeV collected by the CMS detector at the LHC from 2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1). Analysis categories enriched in Higgs boson events produced via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, vector boson associated production, and production associated with top quarks are constructed. The total Higgs boson signal strength, relative to the standard model (SM) prediction, is measured to be 1.12 +/- 0.09. Other properties of the Higgs boson are measured, including SM signal strength modifiers, production cross sections, and its couplings to other particles. These include the most precise measurements of gluon fusion and vector boson fusion Higgs boson production in several different kinematic regions, the first measurement of Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair in five regions of the Higgs boson transverse momentum, and an upper limit on the rate of Higgs boson production in association with a single top quark. All results are found to be in agreement with the SM expectations.Peer reviewe

    Observation of tW production in the single-lepton channel in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

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    A measurement of the cross section of the associated production of a single top quark and a W boson in final states with a muon or electron and jets in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb(-1) collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016. A boosted decision tree is used to separate the tW signal from the dominant t (t) over bar background, whilst the subleading W+jets and multijet backgrounds are constrained using data-based estimates. This result is the first observation of the tW process in final states containing a muon or electron and jets, with a significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The cross section is determined to be 89 +/- 4 (stat) +/- 12 (syst) pb, consistent with the standard model.Peer reviewe
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