Selected Limitations on the Organization of Treatment in a \u27Modern\u27 Prison

In this study a descriptive analysis is made of selected, limitations on the organization of treatment at Louisiana State Penitentiary within the past approximate decade. Since it is concerned with a \u27modern\u27 prison, the study is applicable to most contemporary American prisons undergoing any phase of the transition from objectives of custody and production to that of treatment orientation. The study presents (1) a brief historical progression of the \u27old\u27 system in Louisiana, making a cursory analysis of the ideology, structure, and method of operation of that penal structure at Angola prior to the 1951-52 prison \u27riot\u27; (2) a survey of the nature of that \u27riot\u27 or pervasive force, revealing the results of that upheaval as having necessitated sudden and abrupt change which did not fulfill the needs of that institution; (3) a selective description of some theoretical limitations that were inherent in the American prison system in its evolution and which became a part of the \u27new\u27 system, and; (4) a cursory analysis of certain inherent and inbred limitations of the \u27treatment program\u27 at Angola within the past approximate decade. In the way of final conclusion, this study implies that the \u27new\u27 system at Angola has failed as a result of limitations placed upon it. Issue is then taken with those concepts held by progressive penologists concerning the evolution of criminal behavior and the future role of treatment in prison. Finally, a brief proposal is advanced for a more realistic prison structure within the correctional process as a whole

Selected Limitations on the Organization of Treatment in a Modern Prison

In this study a descriptive analysis Is made of selected limitations on the organization of treatment at Louisiana State Penitentiary within the past approximate decade. Since 1t 1s concerned with a \u27*modern prison, the study Is applicable to most contemporary American prisons undergoing any phase of the transition from objectives of custody and production to that of treatment orientation. The study presents (1) a brief historical progression of the \u27*old system In Louisiana, making a cursory analysis of the Ideology, structure, and method of operation of that penal structure at Angola prior to the 1951-52 prison \u27riot\u27} (2) a survey of the nature of that •*riot or pervasive force, revealing the results of that upheaval as having necessitated sudden and abrupt change which did not fulfill the needs of that Institution} (3) a selective description of some theoretical limitations that were Inherent In the American prison system In Its evolution and which became a part of the \u27*new system, and} (4) a cursory analysis of certain Inherent and Inbred limitations of the \u27treatment program\u27 at Angola within the past approximate decade. In the way of final conclusion, this study Implies that the \u27new\u27 system at Angola has failed as a result of limitations placed upon It. Issue 1s then taken with those concepts held by progressive penologists concerning the evolution of criminal behavior and the future role of treatment 1n prison. Finally, a brief proposal 1s advanced for a more realistic prison structure within the correctional process as a whole

The Science of Sungrazers, Sunskirters, and Other Near-Sun Comets

This review addresses our current understanding of comets that venture close to the Sun, and are hence exposed to much more extreme conditions than comets that are typically studied from Earth. The extreme solar heating and plasma environments that these objects encounter change many aspects of their behaviour, thus yielding valuable information on both the comets themselves that complements other data we have on primitive solar system bodies, as well as on the near-solar environment which they traverse. We propose clear definitions for these comets: We use the term near-Sun comets to encompass all objects that pass sunward of the perihelion distance of planet Mercury (0.307 AU). Sunskirters are defined as objects that pass within 33 solar radii of the Sun’s centre, equal to half of Mercury’s perihelion distance, and the commonly-used phrase sungrazers to be objects that reach perihelion within 3.45 solar radii, i.e. the fluid Roche limit. Finally, comets with orbits that intersect the solar photosphere are termed sundivers. We summarize past studies of these objects, as well as the instruments and facilities used to study them, including space-based platforms that have led to a recent revolution in the quantity and quality of relevant observations. Relevant comet populations are described, including the Kreutz, Marsden, Kracht, and Meyer groups, near-Sun asteroids, and a brief discussion of their origins. The importance of light curves and the clues they provide on cometary composition are emphasized, together with what information has been gleaned about nucleus parameters, including the sizes and masses of objects and their families, and their tensile strengths. The physical processes occurring at these objects are considered in some detail, including the disruption of nuclei, sublimation, and ionisation, and we consider the mass, momentum, and energy loss of comets in the corona and those that venture to lower altitudes. The different components of comae and tails are described, including dust, neutral and ionised gases, their chemical reactions, and their contributions to the near-Sun environment. Comet-solar wind interactions are discussed, including the use of comets as probes of solar wind and coronal conditions in their vicinities. We address the relevance of work on comets near the Sun to similar objects orbiting other stars, and conclude with a discussion of future directions for the field and the planned ground- and space-based facilities that will allow us to address those science topics

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements