Lexical Cohesion in Women's Oratories in the Period of Islam

يتناول هذا البحث التّماسك المعجميّ الّذي يعدُّ مظهرًا مهمًّا من مظاهر تحليل النّصِّ في علم اللّغة الحديث، والّذي يشترك مع العوامل الأخرى في إظهار نصية النّصِّ، وذلك بإحالة العناصر اللّغوية على عناصر أخرى داخل النّصِّ، فيحصل ربط السّابق باللّاحق وتتشكّل وحدة النّصِّ، ويتحقّق التّماسك المعجميّ بوسائل لغويّة نحو التّوارد المعجميّ، وعلاقات المصاحبة المعجميّة، والتّكرار، وهذا ما حاولت الدراسة اثباته في خطب النّساء في الإسلام.This research deals with lexical cohesion, which is an important aspect of text  analysis in modern linguistics, which participates with others in showing the text of the text by referring the linguistic elements to other elements within the text. Lexical accompaniment and repetition and this is what the study tried to prove in the sermons of women in Islam

The stages in decision making process that influence customer purchase decision in buying house at Penang : A case study at Taman Pancur Utama Penang / Abd Latif Abd Raman...[et al.]

This research aims to know the process decision making in buying house at Taman Pancur Utama Penang. In there, are consist three type which had 300 units of house. The objective of this research is to know how the residential who buy the house at there make a process decision process, to identify the decision making process in buying house. A total respondent of 147 students from Taman Pancur Utama were selected to fill the sets of questionnaires that consists of 3 parts which are Demographic (Part A), Dependant Variable which is purchase decision (Part B). Independent Variable consist need recognition, search information, evaluate alternative and purchase decision (Part C-E) and the data were analyzed with Descriptive Statistics and Pearson Correlation of Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0 software. The result indicates the process decision making buying house at Taman Pancur Utama

Towards Delay-sensitive Routing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks

AbstractIn Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASNs), fundamental difference between operational methodologies of routing schemes arises due to the requirement of time-critical applications therefore, there is a need for the design of delay-sensitive techniques. In this paper, Delay-Sensitive Depth-Based Routing (DSDBR), Delay-Sensitive Energy Efficient Depth-Based Routing (DSEEDBR) and Delay-Sensitive Adaptive Mobility of Courier nodes in Threshold-optimized Depth-based routing (DSAMCTD) protocols are proposed to empower the depth-based routing schemes. The proposed approaches formulate delay-efficient Priority Factors (PF) and Delay-Sensitive Holding time (DS HT) to minimize end-to-end delay with a small decrease in network throughput. These schemes also employ an optimal weight function WF for the computation of transmission loss and speed of received signal. Furthermore, solution for delay lies in efficient data forwarding, minimal relative transmissions in low-depth region and better forwarder selection. Simulations are performed to assess the proposed protocols and the results indicate that the three schemes largely minimize end-to-end delay of network

Rational Use of Antibiotics and Requisition of Pharmacist

ABSTRACT Background: Direct consequence of microbes developing resistance against antibiotics is prolonged hospitalization, increased treatment cost and duration. Increased duration of hospitalization causes prolonged use antibiotics which results towards side effects. Primary Study Objective: The purpose of antibiotics use is either to kill the microbes (bactericidal) or slows down their growth (bacteriostatic). Irrational use of antibiotics makes them do their exact opposite. Instead of killing microbes or slowing down their growth, it allows microbes to develop resistance against antibiotics. Methods/Design: An observational concurrent study was performed in which data was collected. Individuals were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Percentage of rationality and irrationality of antibiotics use was observed. Additionally percentage of prescribed class of antibiotics was also observed in patients. Setting: Health care system includes: Quaid e Azam International Hospital Islamabad, Benazir Hospital Rawalpindi, CMH Rawalakot AJK, Amna Hospital Rawalakot AJK, DHQ Kotli AJK Pakistan. Participants: This study was conducted on 100 patients of different health care systems, to whom antibiotics were prescribed. Most patients interviewed were female with UTI aged above 30 and adults male with RTI or chest infection. Intervention: Different patients were interviewed in different hospital settings to evaluate the rational use of antibiotics Primary Outcome Measures: Rational use of antibiotics is using antibiotics according to the guidelines provided by WHO. Major guidelines include:  patient receives medication according to their clinical needs, dosage appropriate to the individual requirements and for specific duration of time with low cost. Results: 47 percent of these patients were using antibiotics rationally and 53 percent were taking antibiotics medication irrationally. The most prevalent form of irrational use was patients without counseling about the antibiotics use. Patients with poor knowledge about the use of antibiotics were 84 among the 100. Irrational use of antibiotics in the form of pre-mature discontinuation was reported 56 patients among the 100. Patient who irrationally use antibiotics as OTC or Self medications were 38 among the 100. Conclusion: Major form of irrationality found in the study was no proper counseling provided to the patients by specialist physician or Pharmacists. The reason we critically observed for this is the burden of patients on physicians due to which they are not able to properly guide patients. The community on which this study was conducted has a major absence of pharmacist. Dispensers and pharmacy technicians are performing pharmacist’s tasks. Absence of pharmacist leads to dosage dispensing errors, lack of professional medical counseling, and no drug utilization revie

Multiclass brain Glioma tumor classification using block-based 3D Wavelet features of MR images

With the advent of more powerful computing devices, system automation plays a pivotal role. In the medical industry, automated image classification and segmentation is an important task for decision making about a particular disease. In this research, a new technique is presented for classification and segmentation of low-grade and high-grade glioma tumors in Multimodal Magnetic Resonance (MR) images. In the proposed system, each multimodal MR image is divided into small blocks and features of each block are extracted using three Dimensional Discrete Wavelet Transform (3D DWT). Random Forest classifier is used for the classification of multiple Glioma tumor classes, then segmentation is performed by reconstructing the MR image based on the classified blocks. MICCAI BraTS dataset is used for testing the proposed technique and experiments are performed for Low Grade Glioma (LGG) and High Grade Glioma (HGG) datasets. The results are compared with different classifiers e.g. multilayer perceptron, radial basis function, Naïve Bayes, etc., After careful analysis, Random Forest classifier provided better precision by securing average accuracy of 89.75% and 86.87% is obtained for HGG and LGG respectively

Segmentation of Melanoma Skin Lesions Using Anisotropic Diffusion and Adaptive Thresholding

Segmentation is the first and most important task in the diagnosis of skin cancer using computer-aided systems and due to complex structure of skin lesions, the automated process may lead to a completely different diagnosis. In this paper, a novel segmentation method of skin lesions is proposed which is both effective and simple to implement. Smoothing of skin lesions in original image plays a pivotal role to secure an accurate segmented image. Anisotropic Diffusion Filter (ADF) is used in the initial stage to smooth images with preserved edges. Adaptive thresholding is then applied to segment the skin lesion of the image by binarizing it. The morphological operations are applied for further enhancement and final segmented image is obtained by applying proposed boundary conditions in which objects are selected on basis of distance. The proposed technique is tested on over 300 images and averaged results are compared with existing methods like L-SRM, Otsu-R, Otsu-RGB and TDLS. The proposed method achieved an average accuracy of 96.6%. Visual results for selected images also depicted better performance of proposed method even in the presence of bad illumination and rough skin lesions in the image

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

CAUSTIC SAVING POTENTIAL IN TEXTILE PROCESSING MILLS

The textile processing industry of Pakistan has a great potential of improvement in resource consumption in various production processes. One major concern is the heavy usage of caustic soda (sodium hydroxide) especially during the mercerization process which incurs a significant cost to a textile processing mill. To reduce the unit fabric production cost and stay competitive, the industry needs to minimize the caustic wastage and explore the caustic saving potential. This paper describes the detailed caustic consumption practices and saving potentials in woven textile sector based on the data base of 100 industries. Region wise caustic saving potential is also investigated. Three caustic conservation options including process improvement, reuse and recycling, and caustic recovery plants are discussed. Detailed technical and financial requirements, saving potentials and paybacks of these options are provided