Harrapa Of Tahira Iqbal: A Narrative of Resistance Against Social Classes

Tahira Iqbal stands as a stalwart within contemporary Urdu fiction, distinguished for her adept portrayal of Punjab's rural society and a profound historical cognizance. The subject article eloquently unveils the undercurrents of class awareness and resistance attitudes found in her latest novel, "Harappa." These elements have given birth to a fresh comprehension from a socio-economic standpoint, casting a luminous spotlight on the hues of resistance through the prism of literary aesthetics.&nbsp

THE CULTURAL BACKGROUND OF LAHORE AND MELA CHIRAGAN

Lahore has been of special importance in its geographical, political, economic, cultural, academic, literary and social status since ancient times. This city also has been famous for mosques, shrines, tombs, samadhies, temples, cemeteries, historical buildings, ancient mansions and lost memories. Historically, "Lahore" has been the name of a small town, a city and a province. Where Lahore had the honor of being a city of commercial, scientific and literary importance in India, it was also the place of various civilizations and cultures. It has also been the center of governments, movements and religions. Nothing can be said definitely about the first establishment of Lahore as a city. However, historians and researchers have definitely established their opinions in this regard. In present research paper those opinions have been critically analyzed. The annual Urs of Lahore's ancient Sufi poet Hazrat Shah Hussain Lahori and his disciple Hazrat Madhu Lal Qadri is celebrated not only as a religious devotion and respect but also as a cultural festival. Before the partition, the festival held on the occasion of the annual Urs of Madhu Lal Hussain was the largest cultural gathering of united India. Now it is an important cultural and religious event of Pakistan. In present article different aspects of the topic have been discussed in detail

Syed Muhammad Ashraf's Numberdar Ka Neela: A Metaphor of Socioeconomic Conflict

Syed Mohammad Ashraf, s novel Namberdar ka Neela is analysed in political and social content. Although it is story of a village, town and city, yet it makes it clean from local to international level and from past to present that “Nambardar’ uses of persons like “Neela” to reach corridors of power. And then such persons become a cause of their down fall. This novel is broad thematically. All themes arising from clan conflict, political and social oppression, fear and conflict arising out of fear and covered in this novel. In this article, a political and social study of Nambardar ka Neela is presented

Ecocriticism: Basic Concerns

The main concern of Ecocriticism is to explore the relationship between literature and the physical environment. It analyzes the nature of expressions made in literary texts about nature and external environment. At its core, it is a reflexive study of literary texts, which foster anthropocentric power-based narratives. This paper describes the philosophical, ethical and political epistemology of Ecocriticism. In the Philosophical section, the arguments of Spinoza and Bacon are used, while in the Ethical section, the philosophies of Erne Naees are elaborated. In the political context, two sub-schools of Ecocriticism have been interpreted, Ecofeminism and postcolonial environmentalism. This is intended to show that the spread of Ecocriticism discussions in various academic and intellectual dimensions is not only an affirmation of its multidisciplinary approach. But also an argument for Ecocriticism to be a stable field of knowledge and literary Criticism

Parbala: An Important Dramatic Character

Urdu litreture has many genres like Gazal Nazam, Novel, short story and Drama.Sadarshan is one of the earlier renowned short story writers in Urdu, having potential of drama writing equally. His stories have romantic aura.  Parbala is one of his importent charector of his drama Parbal.He wrote this dramma in 1925. In This article using the close reading methods, the salient features of this characters are brought forth. It is argued that despite the social and cultural bounds of his time, Sudrashan has created a feminine character that has courageous personality and who had the capcity to turn the tables. In Parbla we can find a balance between hard core femininism and sublime qualities of traditional culture.       &nbsp

Sensibility of Urdu Ghazal in 21st Century

Ghazal is the most famous genre of literature in Urdu poetry that has maintained its existence and identity in all eras. In this research paper, the poetry collections and magazines published during the last twenty-three years have been discussed. This paper also deals with the general perception that the proliferation of themes in Urdu ghazal has harmed the traditions of Urdu ghazal. Writers from the sixties and seventies have a deep insight into the life of the ghazal and at the same time they have the classical values of the ghazal. In the modern era, the changing behavior of man at the social level is the important topic of this era. This research paper brings forward the trends of Urdu Ghazal in these years

Author: Poststructuralist Discourse (and the Concerns of Intizar Hussain)

This article begins by discussing the author's intention in relation to Russian formalism and new criticism, and then proceeds to explore the ideas about the author in post-structuralist discourse. It alludes to the social, political, and philosophical aspects of the differences between Western and Urdu criticism on this matter. Intizar Hussain, an important Urdu writer, expressed reservations in this regard, so his concerns are presented alongside a detailed analysis of the views of Roland Barthes, Jacques Derrida, and Michel Foucault. This is done to clarify the author's concept in the words of these Western intellectuals and to elucidate the nature of the concerns raised by Urdu writer

Leelawati aur Chandrawati ka Qissa (1868): Introduction, Analysis and Editing

During the 19th century in India, women were often restricted from pursuing education beyond basic literacy and domestic skills. The prevalent belief was that a woman's primary role was to take care of the household and raise children, and therefore higher education for women was seen as unnecessary. However, there were individuals and organizations who recognized the importance of educating women and advocated for their right to receive a formal education. One of the key figures in the promotion of women's education during this time was social reformer Raja Ram Mohan Roy, who believed that educating women was essential for the progress of society. Despite these efforts, the curriculum for women's education during the 19th century was primarily focused on practical skills such as sewing, cooking, and childcare, rather than providing a well-rounded education. However, there were attempts to introduce subjects like literature, science, and social studies into the curriculum for girls, albeit on a limited scale. The status of women's education in 19th century India was marked by significant challenges and limitations. While there were efforts to promote female education by notable individuals and organizations, the prevailing societal norms and restrictions hindered the progress of women's education during this time. It was not until much later that significant strides were made in improving women's access to education and expanding the scope of their studies. By chosing a qissa of ninteenth century my aim here is to introduce the efforts by local scribes in female education. The story genre was used to pursuade females in didactic works. The qissa at hand “Leela wati o Chandrawati ka Qissa” was published from government press and in a short time its 2nd edition went out, which shows its populartiy.&nbsp

Hermeneutics and Multiplicity of Interpretation

Hermeneutics has been popular trend to understand philosophical interpretations of distinct texts for centuries. It has been helpful to grasp the comprehension approach of religious, philosophical as well as legal texts.  It is fact about the role of the hermeneutics to manifold literary pieces. hermeneutics deals reciprocated to history, civilization, philosophy and psychology as context and perspective and numerous meanings have been deducted from the triangle of reader, text and recitation. It will be fascinating and interesting to know the role of hermeneutics in Urdu criticism and it varied understanding   of its literature. This research paper will highlight the prime foundation, limits and parameters of hermeneutics for the multiplicity of meaning and interpretation in Urdu criticism would also be examined.&nbsp

The Theatre of the Absurd With Reference to Modernism

A reasonable introduction to the theater of the absurd is available in Urdu literary and scholarly circles, especially of Samuel Beckett's world-renowned play Waiting for Godot, which has had at least two translations in Urdu and one in Punjabi. One Urdu translation was done by Krishan Chandra which was published in Shab Khoon. The second rendering was made by Shafiq Naz, which was published in 2006. Most of the English graduate syllabuses at Pakistani universities include Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot. This play has becom a source of introducing theatre of the absurd here in Pakistan and there is no doubt that this play is representative of this theater, however, The Chairs by Eugene Ionesco is another good example of the theatre of the absurd. The importance of The Chairs is not less but today its importance has come out more openly because of its clearer and direct talks on the issues of communication and language