In vitro gas production of foliage from three browse tree species treated with different dose levels of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different dose levels of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes (EFE) on in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics and energy utilization of foliages from three browse trees (Pithecellobium dulce, Heliocarpus velutinus and Guazuma ulmifolia). Mixture of EFE product was added to the leaves of the three browse tree species at three dose levels: 0 (control), 3.5 and 7.0 mg/g of DM. Chemical composition of the foliages, including plant secondary metabolites such as total phenolics (TP), saponins (SAP) and aqueous fraction (AF), was determined. In addition, in vitro assaying of ruminal gas production kinetics was determined for the three browse three foliages treated with EFE. P. dulce had the highest crude protein content (p < 0.05), whereas G. ulmifolia had the highest content of neutral detergent fibre and SAP (p < 0.05) and H. velutinus had the lowest content of TP (p < 0.05). The interaction between tree species and dose level of EFE was significant (p < 0.05) for gas production (GP) at 24 h of incubation, parameters b and c of the accumulated GP curve, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and metabolizable energy (ME). The lowest (p < 0.01) extent of accumulated GP as well as the b and c values occurred in G. ulmifolia at 0 mg EFE/g DM. P. dulce had the highest (p < 0.05) values for ME and SCFA at the highest dose of EFE. Tree species and dose level had significant (p < 0.05) effects on all parameters describing in vitro ruminal fermentation kinetics and energy utilization. Addition of EFE improved the fermentation kinetics of the browse species considered in this study.UAE

Productividad, calidad y perfil de ácidos grasos en leche de cabras alimentadas con dos forrajes

Cuarenta cabras Alpino Francés (39.3 2.0 kg PVI, primer parto) fueron usadas bajo un diseño completamente al azar para evaluar el efecto de dos fuentes de forraje en la dieta: Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) (T1) y alfalfa + maralfalfa (Pennisetum purpureum Var CT-115) (T2) sobre la respuesta productiva, calidad y per l de ácidos grasos de la leche de cabra en el primer tercio de la lactación (60 d). El consumo de materia seca (CMS) fue similar (p > 0.05) para ambos grupos. Las cabras que recibieron el T1, produjeron 0.52 kg más de leche (p < 0.01), sin efecto signi cativo en el contenido de grasa y lactosa;T2 presentó mayor (p < 0.5) consentración de proteínas, sólidos totales, densidad y sólidos no grasos. La concentración de ácidos grasos de cadena corta (AGCC) tendió a ser mayor (p = 0.07) en T1, de manera particular aumentó el caprírico (p < 0.05). Por otra parte, tanto los ácidos grasos de cadena larga (AGCL), como los ácidos grasos mono insaturados fueron mayores (p < 0.05) en T2. El ácido linoleico fue menor (p < 0.01) en T2, lo cual se re ejó en una mayor (p < 0.05) concentración de ácido linoleico conjugado (ALC). La inclusión de maralfalfa en la dieta de cabras lecheras Alpino Francés, tiene un efecto positivo en la calidad y per l de ácidos grasos, como el ácido linoleico conjugado, el cual ha demostrado tener efecto bené cos en la nutrición y salud humana.UAE

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements