Does training affect match performance? A study using data mining and tracking devices

FIFA has recently allowed the use of electronic performance and tracking systems (EPTS) in professional football competition, providing teams with novel and more accurate data. Physical performance has not yet taken much attention from the research community, due to the difficulty of accessing this information with the same devices during training and competition. This study provides a methodology based on machine learning and statistical methods to relate the physical performance variation of players during time-framed training sessions, and their performance in the following matches. The analysis is carried out over F.C. Barcelona B, season 2015-2016 data, and makes emphasis on exploiting the design characteristics of the structured training methodology implemented within the club. The use of summarized physical variation data has provided a remarkable relation between higher magnitudes of variation in 3-week time frames during training, and higher physical values in the following matches. With increased data availability this and new approaches could provide a new frontier in physical performance analysis. This is, up to our knowledge, the first study to relate training and matches performance through the same EPTS devices in professional football.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

METODOLOGÍA Y FIABILIDAD DE LA MEDICIÓN DEL PERÍMETRO DE MUSLO

Hipótesis: Para describir la fiabilidad intra e interexploradora de la medición del perímetro del muslo, en función de la experiencia previa del explorador y la masa muscularde muslo. Para describir la distancia más fiable a la rótula para la medición, así como si es necesario tomar estas mediciones durante la contracción muscular activa y durantela relajación. Para establecerla distancia (en mm), desde donde podemos asegurarnos de que las diferencias obtenidas se deben a modificaciones en los verdaderos perímetros del muslo y no aun error de medición.Antecedentes: el perímetro del muslo es un parámetro fácil y rápido de medir durante la evaluación de la rodilla con el fin de identificar la atrofia muscular y la documentaciónde la asimetría. Ha sido ampliamente utilizada para cuantificar el progreso de rehabilitación después de una cirugía de rodilla y de ciertas patologías. Sin embargo,el procedimiento sistemático de medición del perímetro del muslo y la fiabilidad que no están claramente establecidas en la literatura. Material y método: Se midió el perímetro del muslo a 5, 10 y 15 cm de la rótula a 16 voluntarios (9 deportistas y 7 sedentarios), por 7 exploradores con diferente experiencia. Resultados: El 93% de las mediciones presentaba una fiabilidad intraobservador > 0.90. La medición de la fiabilidad por el coeficiente de correlación no es un índice adecuado, ya que coeficientes elevados presentan un excesivo rango de variación. Conclusión: Las medidas más fiables se obtienen a 10 cm del polo de la rótula. Las mediciones son más fiables en sedentarios que en deportistas y están sujetas al grado de experiencia del explorador

Epidemiologia lesional en un club d'hoquei sobre herba

Objectiu: Descriure la incidència, la severitat, el tipus i la distribució anatòmica de les lesions en un club d'hoquei sobre herba espanyol durant 3 temporades consecutives (2002-03, 2003-04 i 2004-05). Material i mètodes: Es van recopilar retrospectivament totes les lesions esdevingudes en els equips de divisió d'honor, masculí i femení, integrats ambdós per un total de 18 jugadors i jugadores. Es va comptabilitzar el nombre total d'hores d'entrenaments i de partits per quantificar les hores d'exposició i es va calcular la incidència lesional mitjançant la fórmula següent (nombre de lesions/hores d'exposició) x 1.000 hores. Resultats: La severitat va dependre del temps de baixa esportiva del jugador/a (lleu: < 7 dies, moderada: 8-28 dies i severa: > 28 dies). Les dones van presentar una incidència lesional discretament superior als homes (27,70/1.000 h respecte de 27,64/1.000 h). La incidència lesional durant els partits oficials va ser superior a la dels entrenaments en ambdós sexes (38,37/1.000 h respecte de 24,32/1.000 h en homes i 30,74/1.000 h respecte de 27,70/1.000 h en dones). La majoria de lesions va afectar les extremitats inferiors (64,6%), seguides per les del tronc (25,6%), les extremitats superiors (8,89%) i el cap (0,84%). La regió anatòmica més afectada va ser el cuixa (23,9%), seguida de la cama (11,53%) i el turmell (10,27%). La lesió amb més incidència va ser el DOMS (15,45/1.000 h), seguit de les sobrecàrregues (3,84/1.000 h) i distensions musculars (3,24/1.000 h). La majoria de lesions van ser de caràcter lleu (90%); i van presentar més incidència lesional els períodes de març a maig i els mesos d'octubre i novembre

Definición de competencias para el cargo de consultor en una empresa privada de Bogotá, D.C.

La presente sistematización tuvo como objetivo la definición de competencias del cargo de consultor para desempeñarse adecuadamente en su cargo en una firma de consultoría ubicada en la ciudad de Bogotá, D.C. Contó con la participación de 7 consultores, uno experto en la temática de competencias, el Director General y la Gerente de Talento Humano de la organización. Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas y se consultó el perfil de cargo de consultor de la empresa, para definir capacidades organizacionales y posibles comportamientos asociados al cargo. Se aplicaron entrevistas de eventos conductuales para validar los comportamientos observables del mismo, seguidas de una codificación y análisis de la información, durante las distintas etapas del proceso. Finalmente, se realizó un panel de expertos para la validación del proceso y los resultados obtenidos. Los hallazgos permitieron la definición de competencias e indicadores de conducta para desempeñarse adecuadamente en el cargo de consultor dentro de la organización.This systematization aimed for the definition of the competencies of the consultant to work properly in that position within the organization. It was attended by 7 consultants, one of them expert on competences, the General Director and the Human Resource Manager of the organization. Semi-structured interviews were applied and the profile of charge was consulted to define the organizational capacities and possible behaviors associated with the position. Behavioral events interviews were applied to validate observable behaviors of the position, followed by coding and analyzing the information during the different stages of the process. Finally, an expert group was used to validate the process and also the results. The findings allowed the definition of the competences with their behavioral indicators in order to work properly in the position of a consultant in the consultancy firmPsicólogo (a)Pregrad

Biodiversidad bacteriana en aguas de balnearios mineromedicinales de Ecuador y Venezuela

Las aguas mineromedicinales en Ecuador y Venezuela se utilizan desde hace siglos como medicamentos por la población de estos países. Sin embargo, la biodiversidad bacteriana es poco conocida. Por ello, el objetivo del trabajo fue conocer la biodiversidad bacteriana en el agua de balnearios mineromedicinales de Ecuador y Venezuela. Se tomaron muestras de agua en diversos punto de cada balneario. Los estudios microbiológicos se realizaron siguiendo los esquemas propuestos por MacFaddin, complementadas con las pruebas bioquímicas de las galería API y Microgen. En las aguas de los balnearios de Ecuador se identificaron un total de 284 colonias de los géneros Acidovorax, Acinetobacter, Actinomyces, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Brevibacterium, Brevundimonas, Budvicia, Burkholderia, Citrobacter, Corynebacterium, Edwardsiella, Ewingella, Flavobacterium, Kurthia, Micrococcus, Moraxella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Psychrobacter, Ralstonia, Staphylococcus, Vibrio, Yersinia, Yokonella y Xenorhabdus. En las agua de los balnearios de Venezuela, se logró identificar 158 colonias de los géneros Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Burkolderia, Chromobacterium, Citrobacter, Comamonas, Edwardsiella, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Kluyvera, Moraxella, Plesiomonas, Proteus, Pseudomonas, Ralstonia, Shewanella, Staphylococcus, Weeksella y Vibrio. Se observo un claro predominio de las bacteria Gram negativas de la clase Gama proteobacterias en los balnearios mineromedicinales de ambos países

Calidad microbiológica de las aguas termales del balneario “El Tingo”. Pichincha. Ecuador

Objective: The purpose of research was determining the microbiological quality of the thermal water of the “El Tingo” Spa, located at 2500 mamsl, Pichincha Province, Ecuador. Methods: Four samplings were carried out at different times of the year and in two areas of the Spa. The physicochemical parameters (conductivity, hardness, dissolved oxygen, pH, dissolved solids and tempe­rature) were determined “in situ”. The heterotrophic bacteria, coliforms and molds was determined, as well as the identification of the isolated strains according to the indicated by MacFaddin (2004). Results: The Tingo thermal water is classified as very strong conductivity, excessive mineralization, very hard water, with very little dissolved oxygen, neutral pH and hyperthermal. The average count of he­terotrophic bacteria in the water contained in the cistern of the spa were 2.10 x 102 CFU / mL, coliforms 0.30 x 10 CFU / mL and fungi1,00 x 10 CFU / mL. For the thermal water showers, the average values were 2.42 x 102 CFU/ mL of heterotrophic bacteria, 0.85 x 10 CFU / mL coliforms and 0.68 x 10 CFU/ mLfungi. Escherichia coli were not detectedin any of the samples. It was possible to identify 14 Gram negative strains of the genus Aeromonas, Burkholderia, Citrobacter and Pseudomonas, 5 Gram positive of the genera Bacillus and Staphylococcus and 2 fungal strains of the genus Aspergillus.Objetivo. El proposito del trabajo fue determinar la calidad microbiologica del agua termal del Balneario “El Tingo”, situado a 2500 msnm, Provincia de Pichincha, Ecuador. Metodo. Se realizaron cuatro muestreos en diferentes epocas del año y en dos zonas del Balneario. Se determinaron “in situ” los parametros fisicoquimicos (conductividad, dureza, oxigeno disuelto, pH, solidos disueltos y temperatura), utilizando de una sonda multiparámetro. La cuantificacion de bacterias heterotrofas, coliformes y mohos se hizo en placas PetrifilmTM. La identificacion taxonomica de las cepas aisladas se realizo de acuerdo a lo indicado por  Andueza (2007).  Resultados. Los resultados  indican que el agua termal del Tingo se clasifican como de conductividad muy fuerte, mineralización excesiva, aguas muy duras, con muy poco oxigeno disuelto, pH neutro e hipertermales. El contaje promedio de bacterias heterótrofas en el agua contenida en la cisterna del balneario fue de 2,11 x 102 UFC/mL, coliformes 3,00 UFC/mL y mohos 2,00 x 10 UFC/mL. Para las duchas de agua termal los valores promedios fueron de 2,33 x 102 UFC/mL de bacterias heterótrofas, 1,60 x 10 UFC/mL coliformes y 1,70 x10 UFC/mL de mohos. No se detectó la presencia de coliformes fecales. Se identificaron 14 cepas Gram negativas de los géneros Aeromonas, Burkholderia, Citrobacter y Pseudomonas, 5 Gram positivas de los géneros Bacillus y Staphylococcus y 2 cepas fúngicas del género Aspergillus Conclusiones. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran una población microbiana escasa y poco diversa, lo que implica una buena calidad del agua y de los acuífero

Resistencia antimicrobiana en cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa aisladas de aguas termales de la provincia del Chimborazo, Ecuador

Introducción. La  intervención humana en los manantiales de aguas termales ha traído su contaminación microbiológica y química. El uso indiscriminado de los antimicrobianos, han desembocado en la contaminación de diversos ambientes acuáticos con estas sustancias y con bacterias resistentes a las mismas. Objetivo. Conocer la resistencia antimicrobiana en cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa aisladas de aguas termales de la región del Chimborazo, Ecuador. Métodos. Se analizaron 12 muestras de agua termal procedentes de baños de la Provincia del Chimborazo. Las muestras consistieron de un volumen de 0,5 litro de agua  de cada manantial.  El aislamiento de Pseudomonas aeruginosa se realizó por la técnica de filtración en membrana, utilizando filtros de acetato de celulosa de 0,45 μm de poro, un volumen de muestra de 100 ml y el agar Cetrimide. Las cepas aisladas se identificaron siguiendo los esquemas de MacFadden (2004) y Barrow y Feltham (1993), complementados con las pruebas bioquímicas de las galerías APHI (Biomerieux). El perfil de resistencia a los antibióticos se determinó por el método de difusión de Kirby y Bauer (1966) interpretándose según el CLSI (2014). Resultados. Se identificaron 15 cepas de Pseudomonas aeruginosa.  Todas las cepas fueron  resistentes a los antibióticos Ampicilina y Ampicilina-Sulbactam, y siete fueron multiresistentes a cinco antibióticos  (Ampicilina, Ampicilina-Sulbactam, Amikacina, Ceftazidime, Cefepime y Ciprofloxacina). Conclusiones. Los resultados  nos señalan la necesidad de realizar estudios del resistoma de los ecosistemas de las aguas termales, para determinar la presencia de genes de resistencias en las bacterias autóctonas

Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density

Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome

The sequence of the human genome encodes the genetic instructions for human physiology, as well as rich information about human evolution. In 2001, the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium reported a draft sequence of the euchromatic portion of the human genome. Since then, the international collaboration has worked to convert this draft into a genome sequence with high accuracy and nearly complete coverage. Here, we report the result of this finishing process. The current genome sequence (Build 35) contains 2.85 billion nucleotides interrupted by only 341 gaps. It covers ∼99% of the euchromatic genome and is accurate to an error rate of ∼1 event per 100,000 bases. Many of the remaining euchromatic gaps are associated with segmental duplications and will require focused work with new methods. The near-complete sequence, the first for a vertebrate, greatly improves the precision of biological analyses of the human genome including studies of gene number, birth and death. Notably, the human enome seems to encode only 20,000-25,000 protein-coding genes. The genome sequence reported here should serve as a firm foundation for biomedical research in the decades ahead