78 research outputs found
How long do nosocomial pathogens persist on inanimate surfaces? A systematic review
- Author
- A Cozad
- A Gagneur
- A Jawad
- A Jawad
- A Maule
- A Mukhopadhyay
- A Rzezutka
- AM Butz
- AN Duckro
- AN Neely
- AN Neely
- Anonymous
- Anonymous
- AP Williams
- AR Falsey
- Axel Kramer
- B Bean
- B Hota
- C Aitken
- C Webster
- C Wendt
- C Wendt
- CB Hall
- CR Smith
- D Barua
- DH d'Souza
- DJ Laborde
- DJ Weber
- DM Helke
- E Mitscherlich
- E Scott
- E Tjotta
- EC Pirtle
- EK Musa
- F Allerberger
- F Barré-Sinoussi
- F Fitzpatrick
- F von Rheinbaben
- F von Rheinbaben
- FX Abad
- FX Abad
- G Boehmler
- G Kampf
- G Kampf
- G Roger
- GA Noskin
- GW Kaatz
- Günter Kampf
- H Hahn
- H Hanna
- H Hanna
- H Mahnel
- H Rüden
- HJ Gerth
- Ingeborg Schwebke
- J Barker
- J Hara
- J Sizun
- J Wilde
- JA Martinez
- JC Gould
- JH Wagenvoort
- JHT Wagenvoort
- JL Augustine
- JL Pérez
- JM Boyce
- JM Gwaltney
- JN Mbithi
- JN Mbithi
- JO Noyce
- JW Gray
- KD Novak
- KH Kim
- KM McCarthy
- KO Gundermann
- L Fierobe
- LA Mermel
- LS Nerurkar
- LV McFarland
- M Catalano
- M Denton
- M Farrington
- M Mielke
- M Wilks
- MA Schoenbaum
- MC Mahl
- ME Mulligan
- MH Robertson
- MJ Bale
- MJM Bonten
- MK Hayden
- ML Ling
- MS Islam
- MS Rangel-Frausto
- MT Brady
- N Dickgiesser
- O Traore
- P Verity
- PR Chadwick
- PS Falk
- R Blaschke-Hellmessen
- RBS Roden
- RG Faix
- RL Ward
- S Bures
- S Clay
- S Dharan
- S Engelhart
- S Panagea
- S Reed
- S Sattar
- SA Ansari
- SA Ansari
- SA Sattar
- SA Wilks
- SH Abrishami
- SI Getchell-White
- SM Duan
- SN Boucher
- SW Lemmen
- T Elmos
- VW Wladowetz
- W Nass
- WA Rutala
- WE Crosbie
- WW Bond
- Y Hirai
- YC Chen
- YJ Gordon
- Publication venue
- BioMed Central
- Publication date
- 01/01/2006
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: Inanimate surfaces have often been described as the source for outbreaks of nosocomial infections. The aim of this review is to summarize data on the persistence of different nosocomial pathogens on inanimate surfaces. METHODS: The literature was systematically reviewed in MedLine without language restrictions. In addition, cited articles in a report were assessed and standard textbooks on the topic were reviewed. All reports with experimental evidence on the duration of persistence of a nosocomial pathogen on any type of surface were included. RESULTS: Most gram-positive bacteria, such as Enterococcus spp. (including VRE), Staphylococcus aureus (including MRSA), or Streptococcus pyogenes, survive for months on dry surfaces. Many gram-negative species, such as Acinetobacter spp., Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, or Shigella spp., can also survive for months. A few others, such as Bordetella pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae, Proteus vulgaris, or Vibrio cholerae, however, persist only for days. Mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and spore-forming bacteria, including Clostridium difficile, can also survive for months on surfaces. Candida albicans as the most important nosocomial fungal pathogen can survive up to 4 months on surfaces. Persistence of other yeasts, such as Torulopsis glabrata, was described to be similar (5 months) or shorter (Candida parapsilosis, 14 days). Most viruses from the respiratory tract, such as corona, coxsackie, influenza, SARS or rhino virus, can persist on surfaces for a few days. Viruses from the gastrointestinal tract, such as astrovirus, HAV, polio- or rota virus, persist for approximately 2 months. Blood-borne viruses, such as HBV or HIV, can persist for more than one week. Herpes viruses, such as CMV or HSV type 1 and 2, have been shown to persist from only a few hours up to 7 days. CONCLUSION: The most common nosocomial pathogens may well survive or persist on surfaces for months and can thereby be a continuous source of transmission if no regular preventive surface disinfection is performed
Molecular mechanisms of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2018.
- Author
- A Aouacheria
- A Aouacheria
- A Aranovich
- A Ashkenazi
- A Ashkenazi
- A Ashkenazi
- A Bernet
- A Buque
- A Chiche
- A Conte
- A Costanzo
- A Crockford
- A Degterev
- A Degterev
- A Dey
- A Gast
- A Gross
- A Hakkim
- A Hamacher-Brady
- A Hunger
- A Kaczmarek
- A Kamb
- A Koenig
- A Kotschy
- A Letai
- A Linkermann
- A Linkermann
- A Linkermann
- A Linkermann
- A Mousa
- A Muir
- A Mukherjee
- A Nilsson
- A Oberst
- A Oberst
- A Pagotto
- A Pyakurel
- A Rongvaux
- A Rubartelli
- A Sahaboglu
- A Seiler
- A Serrano-Puebla
- A Shamas-Din
- A Sistigu
- A Strasser
- A Strasser
- A Strasser
- A Strasser
- A Strasser
- A Strasser
- A Sumoza-Toledo
- A Sundararaman
- A Tittarelli
- A Trautmann
- A Villunger
- A Witt
- A Zychlinsky
- AA Fatokun
- AA Mailleux
- Aaron Ciechanover
- AB Pardee
- Abhishek D. Garg
- AC Bellail
- AC Schinzel
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- AD Garg
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- Adi Kimchi
- AE Alsop
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- AJ Schile
- AL Anding
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- Alexey V. Antonov
- AM Chinnaiyan
- AM Distefano
- AM Dudek
- AM Verhagen
- AN Antony
- AN Barclay
- Ana J. García-Sáez
- Andreas Linkermann
- Andreas Strasser
- Andreas Villunger
- Andrew Oberst
- Andrew Thorburn
- Antonella Sistigu
- AP West
- AR Delbridge
- AT Schneider
- AT Ting
- AT Ting
- Atan Gross
- AV Follis
- AV Jacobsen
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- SL Petersen
- SL Thompson
- SL Wong
- SM Frisch
- SM Harding
- SM Kallenberger
- SM Kavuri
- SM Man
- SM Man
- SM Man
- Sonia Melino
- SR Clark
- SR Woo
- Stephen W.G. Tait
- Stuart A. Aaronson
- Stuart A. Lipton
- SW Tait
- SW Tait
- SW Tait
- SW Yu
- SW Yu
- T Bergsbaken
- T Eggert
- T Eisenberg
- T Kamijo
- T Kirkegaard
- T Kirkegaard
- T Konig
- T Kuriakose
- T Kurz
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- T Kurz
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- T Li
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- T Mizuta
- T Moldoveanu
- T Moldoveanu
- T Motte Rouge de La
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- T Panaretakis
- T Panaretakis
- T Piyush
- T Raveh
- T Saleh
- T Shibue
- T Vanden Berghe
- T Vanden Berghe
- T Vanden Berghe
- T Vanden Berghe
- T Vanden Berghe
- T Varanita
- T Vervliet
- T Xu
- T Xu
- T Zhang
- TA Fuchs
- TB Kang
- TC Cheng
- Ted M. Dawson
- Theocharis Panaretakis
- Thomas Kaufmann
- Thomas Rudel
- TJ Daish
- TJ Sargeant
- TK Chang
- TL Haas
- TM Fu
- TM Ng
- Tom Luedde
- Tom Vanden Berghe
- TP Garner
- TS Luongo
- TS Luongo
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- TV Lee
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- U Fischer
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- V Purvanov
- V Sica
- V Turk
- V Turk
- VA Rathinam
- Valina L. Dawson
- VE Kagan
- VI Maltez
- Vincenzo De Laurenzi
- Vincenzo D’Angiolella
- Vishva M. Dixit
- VL Dawson
- VS Marsden
- VS Viswanathan
- W Chen
- W He
- W Hou
- W Lu
- W Zhou
- Wafik S. El-Deiry
- Walter Malorni
- WC Yeh
- WD Cook
- Will Wood
- William J. Kaiser
- WJ Kaiser
- WJ Kaiser
- WJ Kaiser
- WJ Kaiser
- WP Roos
- WS Hambright
- WS Yang
- WS Yang
- WS Yang
- WS Yang
- WT He
- X Chen
- X Chen
- X Hu
- X Jiang
- X Li
- X Liu
- X Liu
- X Luo
- X Qu
- X Song
- X Sun
- X Sun
- X Sun
- X Sun
- X Wang
- X Wang
- X Zhang
- XM Yin
- XM Yin
- XM Zhao
- XN Wu
- Y Aachoui
- Y Aachoui
- Y Dondelinger
- Y Dondelinger
- Y Dondelinger
- Y Dondelinger
- Y Dondelinger
- Y Fernandez-Marrero
- Y Fuchs
- Y Fuchs
- Y Ishizaki
- Y Ito
- Y Lee
- Y Li
- Y Li
- Y Liu
- Y Liu
- Y Luo
- Y Ma
- Y Ma
- Y Morizane
- Y Ou
- Y Pang
- Y Rong
- Y Shlyakhtina
- Y Subburaj
- Y Suzuki
- Y Tsujimoto
- Y Wang
- Y Wang
- Y Wang
- Y Wang
- Y Xie
- Y Xie
- Y Xie
- Y Zaltsman
- Y Zermati
- Y Zhang
- Y Zheng
- Y Zhu
- Y Zhu
- YB Chen
- YC Hou
- YH Liao
- YI Nakajima
- Ying Wang
- YN Gong
- Yoshihide Tsujimoto
- YS Cho
- Yufang Shi
- Z Cai
- Z Cai
- Z Wang
- Z Wang
- Z Xu
- Z You
- Z Zhang
- Z Zhong
- Zahra Zakeri
- ZG Liu
- ZN Oltvai
- ZT Schafer
- ZX Chen
- ZX Chen
- Publication venue
- Cell Death Differ
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Over the past decade, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death (NCCD) has formulated guidelines for the definition and interpretation of cell death from morphological, biochemical, and functional perspectives. Since the field continues to expand and novel mechanisms that orchestrate multiple cell death pathways are unveiled, we propose an updated classification of cell death subroutines focusing on mechanistic and essential (as opposed to correlative and dispensable) aspects of the process. As we provide molecularly oriented definitions of terms including intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis, necroptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis, parthanatos, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, lysosome-dependent cell death, autophagy-dependent cell death, immunogenic cell death, cellular senescence, and mitotic catastrophe, we discuss the utility of neologisms that refer to highly specialized instances of these processes. The mission of the NCCD is to provide a widely accepted nomenclature on cell death in support of the continued development of the field
The impact of viral mutations on recognition by SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells.
- Author
- Aanensen DM
- Abudahab K
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- Agwuh K
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- Publication venue
- iScience
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
We identify amino acid variants within dominant SARS-CoV-2 T cell epitopes by interrogating global sequence data. Several variants within nucleocapsid and ORF3a epitopes have arisen independently in multiple lineages and result in loss of recognition by epitope-specific T cells assessed by IFN-γ and cytotoxic killing assays. Complete loss of T cell responsiveness was seen due to Q213K in the A∗01:01-restricted CD8+ ORF3a epitope FTSDYYQLY207-215; due to P13L, P13S, and P13T in the B∗27:05-restricted CD8+ nucleocapsid epitope QRNAPRITF9-17; and due to T362I and P365S in the A∗03:01/A∗11:01-restricted CD8+ nucleocapsid epitope KTFPPTEPK361-369. CD8+ T cell lines unable to recognize variant epitopes have diverse T cell receptor repertoires. These data demonstrate the potential for T cell evasion and highlight the need for ongoing surveillance for variants capable of escaping T cell as well as humoral immunity.This work is supported by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC); Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(CAMS) Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS), China; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, and UK Researchand Innovation (UKRI)/NIHR through the UK Coro-navirus Immunology Consortium (UK-CIC). Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 samples and collation of data wasundertaken by the COG-UK CONSORTIUM. COG-UK is supported by funding from the Medical ResearchCouncil (MRC) part of UK Research & Innovation (UKRI),the National Institute of Health Research (NIHR),and Genome Research Limited, operating as the Wellcome Sanger Institute. T.I.d.S. is supported by a Well-come Trust Intermediate Clinical Fellowship (110058/Z/15/Z). L.T. is supported by the Wellcome Trust(grant number 205228/Z/16/Z) and by theUniversity of Liverpool Centre for Excellence in Infectious DiseaseResearch (CEIDR). S.D. is funded by an NIHR GlobalResearch Professorship (NIHR300791). L.T. and S.C.M.are also supported by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Medical Countermeasures Initiative contract75F40120C00085 and the National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) inEmerging and Zoonotic Infections (NIHR200907) at University of Liverpool inpartnership with Public HealthEngland (PHE), in collaboration with Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and the University of Oxford.L.T. is based at the University of Liverpool. M.D.P. is funded by the NIHR Sheffield Biomedical ResearchCentre (BRC – IS-BRC-1215-20017). ISARIC4C is supported by the MRC (grant no MC_PC_19059). J.C.K.is a Wellcome Investigator (WT204969/Z/16/Z) and supported by NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centreand CIFMS. The views expressed are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the NIHR or MRC
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- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field
Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)
- Author
- A. -G. Wu
- A. C. Ma
- A. K. Au
- Abdel-Aziz A. K.
- Abdelfatah S.
- Abdellatif M.
- Abdoli A.
- Abel S.
- Abeliovich H.
- Abildgaard M. H.
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- Adamopoulos I. E.
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- Publication venue
- 'Informa UK Limited'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2021
- Field of study
Allocation, stress tolerance and carbon transport in plants: How does phloem physiology affect plant ecology?
- Author
- Absmanner
- Ackerly
- Amiard
- Améglio
- Andersen
- Appel
- Arnold
- Arnold
- Babst
- Barford
- Bartlem
- Bazzaz
- Bekaert
- Bel
- Bel
- Bel
- Bel
- Berger
- Bhupinderpal-Singh
- Binkley
- Birschwilks
- Bonan
- Bondada
- Boyce
- Braun
- Bull
- Cardon
- Cayla
- Chapotin
- Choat
- Clearwater
- Clearwater
- Clearwater
- Coley
- Connell
- Cornwell
- Costacurta
- Dannoura
- Daudet
- Davidson
- Davidson
- Davis
- De la Barrera
- De Schepper
- Dijkstra
- Duursma
- Dölger
- Elser
- Elzinga
- Ewers
- Falster
- Farrar
- Feild
- Feldpausch
- Ferrieri
- Fine
- Fisher
- Friend
- Froelich
- Fu
- Futuyma
- Galen
- Gamalei
- Geiger
- Gershenzon
- Giardina
- Giardina
- Givnish
- Givnish
- Godschalx
- Gowan
- Greer
- Griffiths
- Grime
- Gómez
- Hacke
- Hacke
- Hall
- Hanson
- Hartmann
- Haywood
- Heard
- Heil
- Herms
- Hickler
- Higuchi
- Hoch
- Hoch
- Holland
- Honkanen
- Högberg
- Högberg
- Hölttä
- Hölttä
- Iersel
- Inbar
- Jacobsen
- Janssens
- Janzen
- Jensen
- Jensen
- Jiang
- Johnson
- Jones
- Jones
- Joshi
- Jyske
- Kaplan
- Kaplan
- Kayler
- Kerstiens
- King
- Klein
- Knoblauch
- Knoblauch
- Knoblauch
- Knoblauch
- Knoblauch
- Kuzyakov
- Körner
- Lalonde
- Larson
- Larson
- Lebon
- Lemoine
- Liesche
- Lin
- Logan
- Lohaus
- Lucas
- Mackay
- Malhi
- Matthews
- Mazzeo
- McCulloh
- McCulloh
- McDowell
- McDowell
- McDowell
- McNaughton
- Meier
- Mencuccini
- Mencuccini
- Mencuccini
- Mencuccini
- Meyer
- Migliavacca
- Minchin
- Mullendore
- Münch
- Nemani
- Nguyen
- Nikinmaa
- Nobel
- Nobel
- Nowak
- O'Brien
- Ogée
- Ohya
- Orians
- Orians
- Parsons
- Patrick
- Patrick
- Peel
- Peiter
- Peterson
- Petit
- Pichersky
- Preston
- Reich
- Reidel
- Rennie
- Richards
- Roddy
- Rosenkranz
- Ryan
- Ryan
- Sala
- Sala
- Salleo
- Sauter
- Savage
- Savage
- Schadel
- Schiestl-Aalto
- Schill
- Schnyder
- Schultz
- Schwachtje
- Scott-Denton
- Serraj
- Sevanto
- Sevanto
- Sevanto
- Sevanto
- Sevanto
- Shavit
- Sperry
- Stamp
- Subke
- Sulieman
- Sulieman
- Tarpley
- Tegeder
- Thompson
- Thompson
- Tiffin
- Tranquillini
- Trolinder
- Turck
- Turgeon
- Turgeon
- Turgeon
- Turgeon
- Turgeon
- Turgeon
- Turnbull
- Tyree
- Tyree
- Vargas
- Vargas
- Vargas
- Voitsekhovskaja
- Walsh
- Walsh
- Walters
- Wan
- Way
- Webb
- Werner
- West
- Whipps
- Will
- Will
- Windt
- Windt
- Windt
- Winter
- Woodruff
- Woodruff
- Wright
- Wullschleger
- Xu
- Yamamoto
- Zanne
- Zerva
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zhang
- Zweifel
- Zwieniecki
- Ågren
- Publication venue
- 'Wiley'
- Publication date
- 01/02/2015
- Field of study
Despite the crucial role of carbon transport in whole plant physiology and its impact on plant-environment interactions and ecosystem function, relatively little research has tried to examine how phloem physiology impacts plant ecology. In this review, we highlight several areas of active research where inquiry into phloem physiology has increased our understanding of whole plant function and ecological processes. We consider how xylem-phloem interactions impact plant drought tolerance and reproduction, how phloem transport influences carbon allocation in trees and carbon cycling in ecosystems, and how phloem function mediates plant relations with insects, pests, microbes and symbiotes. We argue that in spite of challenges that exist in studying phloem physiology, it is critical that we consider the role of this dynamic vascular system when examining the relationship between plants and their biotic and abiotic environment
The implementation of a community-based aerobic walking program for mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis (OA): a knowledge translation (KT) randomized controlled trial (RCT): Part I: The Uptake of the Ottawa Panel clinical practice guidelines (CPGs)
- Author
- A Meyers
- AD Beswick
- AD Mendelson
- AF Kirk
- AK Van der Bij
- Andreas Maetzel
- AR Jadad
- BB Green
- BH Marcus
- BW Penninx
- CA Estabrroks
- Carolyn McCullough
- CE Tudor-Locke
- CR Brewin
- D Evcik
- D Merom
- DE Kanouse
- DJ Torgerson
- DJ Torgerson
- DM Bravata
- E Losina
- E Vignon
- EA Wright
- FT Denton
- G Baker
- G Dunn
- George A Wells
- Gino De Angelis
- Glen P Kenny
- HG McKay
- ID Graham
- J Grimshaw
- J Scott
- J Zoellner
- JM Grimshaw
- JM Hootman
- JM Jordan
- K McPherson
- KF Schulz
- KL Cox
- L Bero
- L Brosseau
- L Brosseau
- L Brosseau
- L Devos-Comby
- L Loew
- L Peloquin
- L Sharma
- LA Talbot
- Lily Chen
- LM Wankel
- Lucie Brosseau
- M Grotle
- M Minor
- MA Minor
- MA Minor
- Maria Huijbregts
- MD Westby
- MG Peterson
- ML Boutaugh
- MV Hurley
- MW Van Tulder
- N Coghill
- NE Sherwood
- NJ Vetter
- NL Ashworth
- PA Kovar
- PA Sharpe
- Peter Tugwell
- PJ Van der Wees
- R Chang
- RA Deyo
- Robert Reid
- S Kirk
- S Laforest
- S Poitras
- SE Straus
- SL Hughes
- SM Burke
- SP Messier
- SP Messier
- T Sullivan
- TJ Brady
- TY Liu-Ambrose
- W Zhang
- WH Ettinger
- WJ Rejeski
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- Field of study
Spatial growth rate of emerging SARS-CoV-2 lineages in England, September 2020-December 2021
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- Aanensen DM
- Abudahab K
- Adams A
- Adams H
- Afifi S
- Aggarwal D
- Ahmad SSY
- Aigrain L
- Alcolea-Medina A
- Alikhan N - F
- Allara E
- Amato R
- Angyal A
- Annett T
- Aplin S
- Ariani CV
- Asad H
- Ash A
- Ashfield P
- Ashford F
- Atkinson L
- Attwood SW
- Auckland C
- Aydin A
- Baker DJ
- Baker P
- Balcazar CE
- Ball J
- Barrett JC
- Barrow M
- Barton E
- Bashton M
- Bassett AR
- Batra R
- Baxter C
- Bayzid N
- Beaver C
- Beckett AH
- Beckwith SM
- Bedford L
- Beer R
- Beggs A
- Bellis KL
- Berry L
- Bertolusso B
- Best A
- Betteridge E
- Bibby D
- Bicknell K
- Binns D
- Birchley A
- Bird PW
- Bishop C
- Blacow R
- Blakey V
- Blane B
- Bolt F
- Bonfield J
- Bonner S
- Bonsall D
- Boswell T
- Bosworth A
- Bourgeois Y
- Boyd O
- Bradley DT
- Breen C
- Bresner C
- Breuer J
- Bridgett S
- Bronner IF
- Brooks E
- Broos A
- Brown JR
- Bucca G
- Buchan SL
- Buck D
- Bull M
- Burns PJ
- Burton-Fanning S
- Byaruhanga T
- Byott M
- Campbell S
- Carabelli AM
- Cargill JS
- Carlile M
- Carvalho SF
- Casey A
- Castigador A
- Catalan J
- Chalker V
- Chaloner NJ
- Chand M
- Chappell JG
- Charalampous T
- Chatterton W
- Chaudhry Y
- Churcher CM
- Clark G
- Clarke P
- Cliff AD
- Cogger BJ
- Cole K
- Collins J
- Colquhoun R
- Connor TR
- Cook KF
- Coombes J
- Corden S
- Cormie C
- Cortes N
- Cotic M
- Cotton S
- Cottrell S
- Coupland L
- Cox A
- Cox M
- Craine N
- Crawford L
- Cross A
- Crown MR
- Crudgington D
- Cumley N
- Curran MD
- Curran T
- da Silva Filipe A
- Dabrera G
- Darby AC
- Davidson RK
- Davies A
- Davies RM
- Davis T
- de Angelis D
- De Lacy E
- de Oliveira Martins L
- de Silva TI
- Debebe J
- Denton-Smith R
- Dervisevic S
- Dewar R
- Dey J
- Dias J
- Dobie D
- Dorman MJ
- Downing F
- Driscoll M
- du Plessis L
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- Durham J
- Eastick K
- Easton LJ
- Eccles R
- Edgeworth J
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- Eldirdiri S
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- Keatley J - P
- Keeley AJ
- Kenyon A
- Kermack LM
- Khakh M
- Kidd SP
- Kimuli M
- Kirk S
- Kitchen C
- Kitchman K
- Knight BA
- Koshy C
- Kraemer MUG
- Kumziene-Summerhayes S
- Kwiatkowski D
- Lackenby A
- Laing KG
- Lampejo T
- Langford CF
- Lavin D
- Lawton AI
- Le-Viet T
- Lee D
- Lee JCD
- Lensing SV
- Leonard S
- Levett LJ
- Lewis J
- Lewis K
- Liddle J
- Liggett S
- Lillie PJ
- Lindsey BB
- Lister MM
- Livett R
- Lo S
- Loman NJ
- Loose MW
- Louka SF
- Loveson KF
- Lowdon S
- Lowe H
- Lowe HL
- Lucaci AO
- Ludden C
- Lynch J
- Lyons RA
- Lythgoe K
- Machin NW
- MacIntyre-Cockett G
- Mack A
- Macklin B
- Maclean A
- Macnaughton E
- Madona P
- Maes M
- Maftei L
- Mahanama AIK
- Mahungu TW
- Mair D
- Maksimovic J
- Malone CS
- Maloney D
- Manesis N
- Manley R
- Mantzouratou A
- Marchbank A
- Mariappan A
- Martincorena I
- Martinez Nunez RT
- Mather AE
- Maxwell P
- Mayhew M
- Mbisa T
- McCann CM
- McCarthy SA
- McCluggage K
- McClure PC
- McCrone JT
- McHugh MP
- McKenna JP
- McKerr C
- McManus GM
- McMurray CL
- McNally A
- Meadows L
- Medd N
- Megram O
- Menegazzo M
- Merrick I
- Michell SL
- Michelsen ML
- Mirfenderesky M
- Mirza J
- Miskelly J
- Moles-Garcia E
- Moll RJ
- Molnar Z
- Monahan IM
- Mondani M
- Mookerjee S
- Moore C
- Moore C
- Moore J
- Moore N
- Morcrette H
- Morgan M
- Morgan S
- Mori M
- Morriss A
- Moses S
- Mower C
- Muir P
- Mukaddas A
- Munemo F
- Munn R
- Murray A
- Murray DR
- Murray LJ
- Mutingwende M
- Myers R
- Nastouli E
- Nebbia G
- Nelson A
- Nelson C
- Nicholls S
- Nichols J
- Nicodemi R
- Nomikou K
- O'Brien S
- O'Grady J
- O'Toole Á
- Odedra M
- Ohemeng-Kumi N
- Oliver K
- Orton RJ
- Osman H
- Pacchiarini N
- Padgett D
- Page AJ
- Park EJ
- Park NR
- Parker MD
- Parmar S
- Partridge DG
- Pascall D
- Patel A
- Patel B
- Paterson S
- Payne BAI
- Peacock SJ
- Pearson C
- Pelosi E
- Percival B
- Perkins J
- Perry M
- Pinckert ML
- Platt S
- Podplomyk O
- Pohare M
- Pond M
- Pope CF
- Poplawski R
- Powell J
- Poyner J
- Prestwood L
- Price A
- Price JR
- Prieto JA
- Pritchard DT
- Prosolek SJ
- Pugh G
- Pusok M
- Pybus OG
- Pymont HM
- Quail MA
- Quick J
- Radulescu C
- Raghwani J
- Ragonnet-Cronin M
- Rainbow L
- Rajan D
- Rajatileka S
- Ramadan NA
- Rambaut A
- Ramble J
- Randell PA
- Ratcliffe L
- Raviprakash V
- Raza M
- Redshaw NM
- Rey S
- Reynolds N
- Richter A
- Robertson DL
- Robinson E
- Robson SC
- Rogan F
- Rooke S
- Rowe W
- Roy S
- Rudder S
- Ruis C
- Rushton S
- Saeed K
- Samaraweera B
- Sambles CM
- Sanderson R
- Sanderson T
- Sang F
- Sass T
- Scher E
- Scott C
- Scott G
- Sehmi J
- Shaaban S
- Shah D
- Shaw J
- Shelest E
- Shepherd JG
- Sheridan LA
- Sheriff N
- Shirley L
- Sillitoe J
- Silviera S
- Simpson DA
- Singh A
- Singleton D
- Skvortsov T
- Sloan TJ
- Sluga G
- Smallman-Raynor MR
- Smith CP
- Smith DL
- Smith K
- Smith KS
- Smith L
- Smith N
- Smith P
- Smollett KL
- Snell LB
- Somassa T
- Southgate J
- Spellman K
- Spencer Chapman MH
- Spurgin LG
- Spyer MJ
- Stanley R
- Stanley W
- Stanton TD
- Starinskij I
- Stockton J
- Stonehouse S
- Storey N
- Studholme DJ
- Sudhanva M
- Swindells E
- Taha Y
- Tan NK
- Tang JW
- Tang M
- Taylor BEW
- Taylor JF
- Taylor S
- Temperton B
- Templeton KE
- Thomas C
- Thomson EC
- Thomson L
- Thornton A
- Thurston SAJ
- Todd JA
- Tomb R
- Tong L
- Tonkin-Hill G
- Torok ME
- Tovar-Corona JM
- Trebes A
- Trotter AJ
- Tsatsani I
- Turnbull R
- Turtle L
- Twohig KA
- Umpleby H
- Underwood AP
- Vamos EE
- Vasylyeva TI
- Vattipally S
- Vernet G
- Vipond BB
- Volz EM
- Walsh S
- Wang D
- Warne B
- Warwick-Dugdale J
- Wastnedge E
- Watkins J
- Watson LK
- Waugh S
- Webster HJ
- Weldon D
- Westwick E
- Whalley T
- Wheeler H
- Whitehead M
- Whiteley M
- Whitwham A
- Wierzbicki C
- Willford NJ
- Williams C
- Williams C
- Williams C
- Williams CA
- Williams L - A
- Williams R
- Williams RJ
- Williams T
- Williamson KA
- Wilson-Davies E
- Witele E
- Withell KT
- Witney AA
- Wolverson P
- Wong N
- Workman T
- Wright DW
- Wright V
- Wyatt T
- Wyllie S
- Xu-McCrae L
- Yavus M
- Yaze G
- Yeats CA
- Yebra G
- Yew WC
- Young GR
- Young J
- Zamudio ME
- Zarebski AE
- Zhang P
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 20/07/2022
- Field of study
This paper uses a robust method of spatial epidemiological analysis to assess the spatial growth rate of multiple lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in the local authority areas of England, September 2020–December 2021. Using the genomic surveillance records of the COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium, the analysis identifies a substantial (7.6-fold) difference in the average rate of spatial growth of 37 sample lineages, from the slowest (Delta AY.4.3) to the fastest (Omicron BA.1). Spatial growth of the Omicron (B.1.1.529 and BA) variant was found to be 2.81× faster than the Delta (B.1.617.2 and AY) variant and 3.76× faster than the Alpha (B.1.1.7 and Q) variant. In addition to AY.4.2 (a designated variant under investigation, VUI-21OCT-01), three Delta sublineages (AY.43, AY.98 and AY.120) were found to display a statistically faster rate of spatial growth than the parent lineage and would seem to merit further investigation. We suggest that the monitoring of spatial growth rates is a potentially valuable adjunct to outbreak response procedures for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in a defined population
SARS-CoV-2 lineage dynamics in England from September to November 2021: high diversity of Delta sub-lineages and increased transmissibility of AY.4.2
- Author
- Aanensen DM
- Abudahab K
- Adams A
- Adams H
- Afifi S
- Aggarwal D
- Ahmad SSY
- Aigrain L
- Alcolea-Medina A
- Alikhan N - F
- Allara E
- Amato R
- Angyal A
- Annett T
- Aplin S
- Ariani CV
- Asad H
- Ash A
- Ashby D
- Ashfield P
- Ashford F
- Atchison C
- Atkinson L
- Attwood SW
- Auckland C
- Aydin A
- Baker DJ
- Baker P
- Balcazar CE
- Ball J
- Barclay W
- Barrett JC
- Barrow M
- Barton E
- Bashton M
- Bassett AR
- Batra R
- Baxter C
- Bayzid N
- Beaver C
- Beckett AH
- Beckwith SM
- Bedford L
- Beer R
- Beggs A
- Bellis KL
- Berry L
- Bertolusso B
- Best A
- Betteridge E
- Bibby D
- Bicknell K
- Binns D
- Birchley A
- Bird PW
- Bishop C
- Blacow R
- Blakey V
- Blane B
- Bodinier B
- Bolt F
- Bonfield J
- Bonner S
- Bonsall D
- Boswell T
- Bosworth A
- Bourgeois Y
- Bouzidi KE
- Boyd O
- Bradley DT
- Breen C
- Bresner C
- Breuer J
- Bridgett S
- Bronner IF
- Brooks E
- Broos A
- Brown JR
- Bucca G
- Buchan SL
- Buck D
- Bull M
- Burns PJ
- Burton-Fanning S
- Byaruhanga T
- Byott M
- Campbell S
- Carabelli AM
- Cargill JS
- Carlile M
- Carvalho SF
- Casey A
- Castigador A
- Catalan J
- Chadeau-Hyam M
- Chalker V
- Chaloner NJ
- Chand M
- Chapman MHS
- Chappell JG
- Charalampous T
- Chatterton W
- Chaudhry Y
- Churcher CM
- Clark G
- Clarke P
- Cogger BJ
- Cole K
- Collins J
- Colquhoun R
- Connor TR
- Cook KF
- Cooke G
- Coombes J
- Corden S
- Cormie C
- Cortes N
- Cotic M
- Cotton S
- Cottrell S
- Coupland L
- Cox A
- Cox MG
- Craine N
- Crawford L
- Cross A
- Crown MR
- Crudgington D
- Cumley N
- Curran MD
- Curran T
- da Silva Filipe A
- Dabrera G
- Darby AC
- Darzi A
- Davidson RK
- Davies A
- Davies RM
- Davis T
- de Angelis D
- De Lacy E
- de Oliveira Martins L
- de Silva TI
- Debebe J
- Denton-Smith R
- Dervisevic S
- Dewar R
- Dey J
- Dias J
- Dobie D
- Donnelly CA
- Dorman MJ
- Downing F
- Driscoll M
- du Plessis L
- Duckworth N
- Durham J
- Eales O
- Eastick K
- Easton LJ
- Eccles R
- Edgeworth J
- Edwards S
- Eldirdiri S
- Ellaby N
- Elliott P
- Elliott S
- Eltringham G
- Ensell L
- Erkiert MJ
- Essex S
- Evans C
- Evans JM
- Everson W
- Fairley DJ
- Fallon K
- Fanaie A
- Farr BW
- Fearn C
- Feltwell T
- Ferguson L
- Fina L
- Flaviani F
- Fleming VM
- Forrest S
- Foster-Nyarko E
- Foulkes BH
- Foulser L
- Fragakis M
- Frampton D
- Francois S
- Fraser C
- Freeman TM
- Fryer H
- Fuchs M
- Fuller W
- Gajee K
- Galai K
- Gallagher A
- Gallagher E
- Gallagher MD
- Gallis M
- Gaskin A
- Gatica-Wilcox B
- Geidelberg L
- Gemmell M
- Georgana I
- George RP
- Gifford L
- Gilbert L
- Girgis ST
- Glaysher S
- Goldstein EJ
- Golubchik T
- Gomes AN
- Gonçalves S
- Goodfellow IG
- Goodwin S
- Goudarzi S
- Gourtovaia M
- Graham C
- Graham L
- Grant PR
- Green A
- Green LR
- Greenaway J
- Gregory R
- Guest M
- Gunson RN
- Gupta RK
- Gutierrez B
- Haldenby ST
- Hamilton WL
- Hansford SE
- Haque T
- Harris KA
- Harrison EM
- Harrison I
- Hart J
- Hartley JA
- Harvey M
- Harvey WT
- Hassan-Ibrahim MO
- Haw D
- Heaney J
- Helmer T
- Henderson JH
- Hesketh AR
- Hey J
- Heyburn D
- Higginson EE
- Hill JD
- Hill V
- Hilson RA
- Hilvers E
- Holden MTG
- Hollis A
- Holmes AH
- Holmes CW
- Holmes N
- Hopes R
- Hornsby HR
- Hosmillo M
- Houlihan C
- Howson-Wells HC
- Hsu SN
- Hubb J
- Huckson H
- Hughes J
- Hughes M
- Hughes W
- Hutchings S
- Idle G
- Illingworth CJ
- Impey R
- Irish-Tavares D
- Iturriza-Gomara M
- Izuagbe R
- Jackson B
- Jackson C
- Jackson DK
- Jackson KA
- Jackson LM
- Jahun AS
- James K
- James V
- Jeanes C
- Jeffries AR
- Jeremiah S
- Jermy A
- John M
- Johnson K
- Johnson R
- Johnston I
- Jones CR
- Jones H
- Jones N
- Jones O
- Jones S
- Jonnerby J
- Joseph A
- Judges S
- Kay GL
- Kay S
- Keatley J - P
- Keeley AJ
- Kenyon A
- Kermack LM
- Khakh M
- Kidd SP
- Kimuli M
- Kirk S
- Kitchen C
- Kitchman K
- Knight BA
- Koshy C
- Kraemer MUG
- Kumziene-Summerhayes S
- Kwiatkowski D
- Lackenby A
- Laing KG
- Lampejo T
- Langford CF
- Lavin D
- Lawton AI
- Le-Viet T
- Lee D
- Lee JCD
- Lensing SV
- Leonard S
- Levett LJ
- Lewis J
- Lewis K
- Liddle J
- Liggett S
- Lillie PJ
- Lindsey BB
- Lister MM
- Livett R
- Lo S
- Loman NJ
- Loose MW
- Louka SF
- Loveson KF
- Lowdon S
- Lowe H
- Lowe HL
- Lucaci AO
- Ludden C
- Lynch J
- Lyons RA
- Lythgoe K
- Machin NW
- MacIntyre-Cockett G
- Mack A
- Macklin B
- Maclean A
- Macnaughton E
- Madona P
- Maes M
- Maftei L
- Mahanama AIK
- Mahungu TW
- Mair D
- Maksimovic J
- Malone CS
- Maloney D
- Manesis N
- Manley R
- Mantzouratou A
- Marchbank A
- Mariappan A
- Martincorena I
- Mather AE
- Maxwell P
- Mayhew M
- Mbisa T
- McCann CM
- McCarthy SA
- McCluggage K
- McClure PC
- McCrone JT
- McHugh MP
- McKenna JP
- McKerr C
- McManus GM
- McMurray C
- McMurray CL
- McNally A
- Meadows L
- Medd N
- Megram O
- Menegazzo M
- MEng BEWT
- Merrick I
- Michell SL
- Michelsen ML
- Mirfenderesky M
- Mirza J
- Miskelly J
- Moles-Garcia E
- Moll RJ
- Molnar Z
- Monahan IM
- Mondani M
- Mookerjee S
- Moore C
- Moore C
- Moore J
- Moore N
- Morcrette H
- Morgan M
- Morgan S
- Mori M
- Morriss A
- Moses S
- Mower C
- Muir P
- Mukaddas A
- Munemo F
- Munn R
- Murray A
- Murray DR
- Murray LJ
- Mutingwende M
- Myers R
- Nastouli E
- Nebbia G
- Nelson A
- Nelson C
- Nicholls S
- Nichols J
- Nicodemi R
- Nomikou K
- Nunez RTM
- Odedra M
- Ohemeng-Kumi N
- Oliver K
- Orton RJ
- Osman H
- O’Brien PS
- O’Grady J
- O’Toole Á
- Pacchiarini N
- Padgett D
- Page AJ
- Park EJ
- Park NR
- Parker MD
- Parmar S
- Partridge DG
- Pascall D
- Patel A
- Patel B
- Paterson S
- Payne BAI
- Peacock SJ
- Pearson C
- Pelosi E
- Percival B
- Perkins J
- Perry M
- Pinckert ML
- Platt S
- Podplomyk O
- Pohare M
- Pond M
- Pope CF
- Poplawski R
- Powell J
- Poyner J
- Prestwood L
- Price A
- Price JR
- Prieto JA
- Pritchard DT
- Prosolek SJ
- Pugh G
- Pusok M
- Pybus OG
- Pymont HM
- Quail MA
- Quick J
- Radulescu C
- Raghwani J
- Ragonnet-Cronin M
- Rainbow L
- Rajan D
- Rajatileka S
- Ramadan NA
- Rambaut A
- Ramble J
- Randell P
- Randell PA
- Ratcliffe L
- Raviprakash V
- Raza M
- Redshaw NM
- Rey S
- Reynolds N
- Richter A
- Riley S
- Robertson DL
- Robinson E
- Robson SC
- Rogan F
- Rooke S
- Rowe W
- Roy S
- Rudder S
- Ruis C
- Rushton S
- Saeed K
- Samaraweera B
- Sambles CM
- Sanderson R
- Sanderson T
- Sang F
- Sass T
- Scher E
- Scott C
- Scott G
- Sehmi J
- Shaaban S
- Shah D
- Shaw J
- Shelest E
- Shepherd JG
- Sheridan LA
- Sheriff N
- Shirley L
- Sillitoe J
- Silviera S
- Simpson DA
- Singh A
- Singleton D
- Skvortsov T
- Sloan TJ
- Sluga G
- Smith CP
- Smith DL
- Smith K
- Smith KS
- Smith L
- Smith N
- Smith P
- Smollett KL
- Snell LB
- Somassa T
- Southgate J
- Spellman K
- Spurgin LG
- Spyer MJ
- Stanley R
- Stanley W
- Stanton TD
- Starinskij I
- Stockton J
- Stonehouse S
- Storey N
- Studholme DJ
- Sudhanva M
- Swindells E
- Taha Y
- Tan NK
- Tang JW
- Tang M
- Taylor G
- Taylor JF
- Taylor S
- Temperton B
- Templeton KE
- The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) Consortium
- Thomas C
- Thomson EC
- Thomson L
- Thornton A
- Thurston SAJ
- Todd JA
- Tomb R
- Tong L
- Tonkin-Hill G
- Torok ME
- Tovar-Corona JM
- Trebes A
- Trotter AJ
- Tsatsani I
- Turnbull R
- Turtle L
- Twohig KA
- Umpleby H
- Underwood AP
- Vamos EE
- Vasylyeva TI
- Vattipally S
- Vernet G
- Vipond BB
- Volz EM
- Walsh S
- Wang D
- Wang H
- Ward H
- Warne B
- Warwick-Dugdale J
- Wastnedge E
- Watkins J
- Watson LK
- Waugh S
- Webster HJ
- Weldon D
- Westwick E
- Whalley T
- Wheeler H
- Whitehead M
- Whiteley M
- Whitwham A
- Wierzbicki C
- Willford NJ
- Williams C
- Williams C
- Williams C
- Williams CA
- Williams L - A
- Williams R
- Williams RJ
- Williams T
- Williamson KA
- Wilson-Davies E
- Witele E
- Withell KT
- Witney AA
- Wolverson P
- Wong N
- Workman T
- Wright DW
- Wright V
- Wyatt T
- Wyllie S
- Xu-McCrae L
- Yavus M
- Yaze G
- Yeats CA
- Yebra G
- Yew WC
- Young GR
- Young J
- Zamudio ME
- Zarebski AE
- Zhang P
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 27/07/2022
- Field of study
Background: Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, evolutionary pressure has driven large increases in the transmissibility of the virus. However, with increasing levels of immunity through vaccination and natural infection the evolutionary pressure will switch towards immune escape. Genomic surveillance in regions of high immunity is crucial in detecting emerging variants that can more successfully navigate the immune landscape. Methods: We present phylogenetic relationships and lineage dynamics within England (a country with high levels of immunity), as inferred from a random community sample of individuals who provided a self-administered throat and nose swab for rt-PCR testing as part of the REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-1 (REACT-1) study. During round 14 (9 September–27 September 2021) and 15 (19 October–5 November 2021) lineages were determined for 1322 positive individuals, with 27.1% of those which reported their symptom status reporting no symptoms in the previous month. Results: We identified 44 unique lineages, all of which were Delta or Delta sub-lineages, and found a reduction in their mutation rate over the study period. The proportion of the Delta sub-lineage AY.4.2 was increasing, with a reproduction number 15% (95% CI 8–23%) greater than the most prevalent lineage, AY.4. Further, AY.4.2 was less associated with the most predictive COVID-19 symptoms (p = 0.029) and had a reduced mutation rate (p = 0.050). Both AY.4.2 and AY.4 were found to be geographically clustered in September but this was no longer the case by late October/early November, with only the lineage AY.6 exhibiting clustering towards the South of England. Conclusions: As SARS-CoV-2 moves towards endemicity and new variants emerge, genomic data obtained from random community samples can augment routine surveillance data without the potential biases introduced due to higher sampling rates of symptomatic individuals. © 2022, The Author(s)
Investigation of hospital discharge cases and SARS-CoV-2 introduction into Lothian care homes
- Author
- Aanensen DM
- Abudahab K
- Adams A
- Adams H
- Afifi S
- Aggarwal D
- Ahmad SSY
- Aigrain L
- Alcolea-Medina A
- Alikhan N
- Allara E
- Amato R
- Angyal A
- Annett T
- Aplin S
- Ariani CV
- Asad H
- Ash A
- Ashfield P
- Ashford F
- Atkinson L
- Attwood SW
- Auckland C
- Aydin A
- Baker DJ
- Baker P
- Balcazar CE
- Ball J
- Barrett JC
- Barrow M
- Barton E
- Bashton M
- Bassett AR
- Batra R
- Baxter C
- Bayzid N
- Beaver C
- Beckett AH
- Beckwith SM
- Bedford L
- Beer R
- Beggs A
- Bellis KL
- Berry L
- Bertolusso B
- Best A
- Betteridge E
- Bibby D
- Bicknell K
- Binns D
- Birchley A
- Bird PW
- Bishop C
- Blacow R
- Blakey V
- Blane B
- Bolt F
- Bonfield J
- Bonner S
- Bonsall D
- Boswell T
- Bosworth A
- Bourgeois Y
- Boyd O
- Bradley DT
- Breen C
- Bresner C
- Breuer J
- Bridgett S
- Bronner IF
- Brooks E
- Broos A
- Brown JR
- Bucca G
- Buchan SL
- Buck D
- Bull M
- Burns PJ
- Burton-Fanning S
- Byaruhanga T
- Byott M
- Campbell S
- Carabelli AM
- Cargill JS
- Carlile M
- Carvalho SF
- Casey A
- Castigador A
- Catalan J
- Chalker V
- Chaloner NJ
- Chand M
- Chappell JG
- Charalampous T
- Chatterton W
- Chaudhry Y
- Churcher CM
- Clark G
- Clarke P
- Cogger BJ
- Cole K
- Collins J
- Colquhoun R
- Connor TR
- Cook KF
- Coombes J
- Corden S
- Cormie C
- Cortes N
- Cotic M
- Cotton S
- Cotton S
- Cottrell S
- Coupland L
- Cox A
- Cox M
- Craine N
- Crawford L
- Cross A
- Crown MR
- Crudgington D
- Cumley N
- Curran MD
- Curran T
- Cutino-Moguel T
- da Silva Filipe A
- Dabrer G
- Darby AC
- Davidson RK
- Davies A
- Davies RM
- Davis T
- de Angelis D
- De Lacy E
- de Oliveira Martins L
- de Silva TI
- Debebe J
- Delgado Callico L
- Denton-Smith R
- Dervisevic S
- Dewar R
- Dewar R
- Dey J
- Dias J
- Dobie D
- Dorman MJ
- Downing F
- Driscoll M
- du Plessis L
- Duckworth N
- Durham J
- Eastick K
- Easton LJ
- Eccles R
- Edgeworth J
- Edwards S
- El Bouzidi K
- Eldirdiri S
- Ellaby N
- Elliott S
- Eltringham G
- Ensell L
- Erkiert MJ
- Essex S
- Evans C
- Evans JM
- Everson W
- Fairley DJ
- Fallon K
- Fanaie A
- Farr BW
- Fearn C
- Feltwell T
- Ferguson L
- Fina L
- Flaviani F
- Fleming VM
- Forrest S
- Foster-Nyarko E
- Foulkes BH
- Foulser L
- Fragakis M
- Frampton D
- Francois S
- Fraser C
- Freeman TM
- Fryer H
- Fuchs M
- Fuller W
- Gajee K
- Galai K
- Gallagher A
- Gallagher E
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- Zarebski AE
- Zhang P
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/05/2023
- Field of study
Summary Background The first epidemic wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Scotland resulted in high case numbers and mortality in care homes. In Lothian, over one-third of care homes reported an outbreak, while there was limited testing of hospital patients discharged to care homes. Aim To investigate patients discharged from hospitals as a source of SARS-CoV-2 introduction into care homes during the first epidemic wave. Methods A clinical review was performed for all patients discharges from hospitals to care homes from 1st March 2020 to 31st May 2020. Episodes were ruled out based on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) test history, clinical assessment at discharge, whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data and an infectious period of 14 days. Clinical samples were processed for WGS, and consensus genomes generated were used for analysis using Cluster Investigation and Virus Epidemiological Tool software. Patient timelines were obtained using electronic hospital records. Findings In total, 787 patients discharged from hospitals to care homes were identified. Of these, 776 (99%) were ruled out for subsequent introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into care homes. However, for 10 episodes, the results were inconclusive as there was low genomic diversity in consensus genomes or no sequencing data were available. Only one discharge episode had a genomic, time and location link to positive cases during hospital admission, leading to 10 positive cases in their care home. Conclusion The majority of patients discharged from hospitals were ruled out for introduction of SARS-CoV-2 into care homes, highlighting the importance of screening all new admissions when faced with a novel emerging virus and no available vaccine
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