25 research outputs found

    3D figure of epilepsy syndromes

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    We propose an instructive figure that summarized the classification of epilepsy syndromes according to the 2022 report of the ILAE Task Force on Nosology and Definitions. Our aim is to present, in one figure, different concepts such as the names of epilepsy syndromes, their extreme and classical ages of onset, their epilepsy types (generalized, focal or generalized and focal) but also their membership in groups of epilepsy syndromes as for self-limited or developmental and epileptic encephalopathy. With this figure, we provided an interactive tool, as supplementary data, helping to present this classification and link it to electro-clinical mandatory, alerts and exclusionary criteria of each syndrome, in accordance with the ILAE position papers on syndromes classification and nosology. This report may be used as an illustrative tool for teaching epilepsy syndromes and as a practical and comprehensive aid for the classification of epilepsy individuals' syndromes

    Epilepsy with migrating focal seizures

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    To report new sporadic cases and 1 family with epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFSs) due to KCNT1 gain-of-function and to assess therapies' efficacy including quinidine. We reviewed the clinical, EEG, and molecular data of 17 new patients with EIMFS and KCNT1 mutations, in collaboration with the network of the French reference center for rare epilepsies. The mean seizure onset age was 1 month (range: 1 hour to 4 months), and all children had focal motor seizures with autonomic signs and migrating ictal pattern on EEG. Three children also had infantile spasms and hypsarrhythmia. The identified KCNT1 variants clustered as "hot spots" on the C-terminal domain, and all mutations occurred de novo except the p.R398Q mutation inherited from the father with nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, present in 2 paternal uncles, one being asymptomatic and the other with single tonic-clonic seizure. In 1 patient with EIMFS, we identified the p.R1106Q mutation associated with Brugada syndrome and saw no abnormality in cardiac rhythm. Quinidine was well tolerated when administered to 2 and 4-year-old patients but did not reduce seizure frequency. The majority of the KCNT1 mutations appear to cluster in hot spots essential for the channel activity. A same mutation can be linked to a spectrum of conditions ranging from EMFSI to asymptomatic carrier, even in the same family. None of the antiepileptic therapies displayed clinical efficacy, including quinidine in 2 patients

    A new model for root growth in soil with macropores

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    Abstract: Background and aimsThe use of standard dynamic root architecture models to simulate root growth in soil containing macropores failed to reproduce experimentally observed root growth patterns. We thus developed a new, more mechanistic model approach for the simulation of root growth in structured soil. Methods: In our alternative modelling approach, we distinguish between, firstly, the driving force for root growth, which is determined by the orientation of the previous root segment and the influence of gravitropism and, secondly, soil mechanical resistance to root growth. The latter is expressed by its inverse, soil mechanical conductance, and treated similarly to hydraulic conductivity in Darcy’s law. At the presence of macropores, soil mechanical conductance is anisotropic, which leads to a difference between the direction of the driving force and the direction of the root tip movement. Results: The model was tested using data from the literature, at pot scale, at macropore scale, and in a series of simulations where sensitivity to gravity and macropore orientation was evaluated. Conclusions: Qualitative and quantitative comparisons between simulated and experimentally observed root systems showed good agreement, suggesting that the drawn analogy between soil water flow and root growth is a useful one

    Scientific Opinion addressing the state of the science on risk assessment of plant protection products for in-soil organisms

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    Following a request from EFSA, the Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues developed an opinion on the science behind the risk assessment of plant protection products for in-soil organisms. The current risk assessment scheme is reviewed, taking into account new regulatory frameworks and scientific developments. Proposals are made for specific protection goals for in-soil organisms being key drivers for relevant ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes such as nutrient cycling, soil structure, pest control and biodiversity. Considering the time-scales and biological processes related to the dispersal of the majority of in-soil organisms compared to terrestrial non-target arthropods living above soil, the Panel proposes that in-soil environmental risk assessments are made at in- and off-field scale considering field boundary levels. A new testing strategy which takes into account the relevant exposure routes for in-soil organisms and the potential direct and indirect effects is proposed. In order to address species recovery and long-term impacts of PPPs, the use of population models is also proposed

    Modélisation computationelle de l'épilepsie avec crises focales migrantes du nourrisson

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    Epilepsy in infancy with migrating focal seizures is characterized by focal seizures beginning before 6 months that intensify to a stormy phase where so-called migrating focal seizures appear. The gain-of-function mutations of the KCNT1 gene are the main causes of this epilepsy. We focused on a cohort of patients with a KCNT1 mutations and this epilepsy to better understand this syndrome in order to model it. First, we specified the clinic for these patients, including long-term poor outcomes, high mortality, microcephaly and the presence of extra-neurological symptoms. Then, we determined, through the study of ictal EEGs, that migrating seizures were not chaotic but rather corresponded to a type of propagation and we have identified specific markers of this epilepsy. Then, we showed that the majority of KCNT1 mutations appeared to cluster in "hot spots" and that there was no strict genotypephenotype correlation. Finally, we modelled this epilepsy at microscopic and mesoscopic levels. Preliminary results showed a decrease in excitation, a fall in inhibition and involvement of depolarizing GABA. We then discuss the different aspects of our work in the light of the literature and describe the perspectives opened by this thesis from a fundamental, clinical and physiological point of views.L’épilepsie avec crises focales migrantes du nourrisson se caractĂ©rise par l’apparition de crises focales avant 6 mois qui s’intensifient jusqu’à une phase d’orage oĂč il y a des crises migrantes. Les mutations gain-defonction du gĂšne KCNT1 sont les principales mutations responsables de cette Ă©pilepsie. Nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă  une cohorte de patients ayant une mutation du gĂšne KCNT1 et cette Ă©pilepsie afin de mieux comprendre ce syndrome en vue de le modĂ©liser. D’abord, nous avons prĂ©cisĂ© la clinique de ces patients, notamment le mauvais devenir Ă  long terme, la forte mortalitĂ©, la microcĂ©phalie et la prĂ©sence de symptĂŽmes extra-neurologiques. Puis, nous avons dĂ©terminĂ©, via l’étude des EEG ictaux, que les crises migrantes n’étaient pas chaotiques mais correspondaient plutĂŽt Ă  un type de propagation et nous avons identifiĂ© des marqueurs spĂ©cifiques de cette Ă©pilepsie. Ensuite, nous avons montrĂ© que la majoritĂ© des mutations KCNT1 semblaient se regrouper dans des "points chauds" et qu’il n’y avait pas de corrĂ©lation gĂ©notype-phĂ©notype stricte. Finalement, nous avons modĂ©lisĂ© cette Ă©pilepsie Ă  l’échelle microscopique et mĂ©soscopique. Les rĂ©sultats prĂ©liminaires montraient une baisse de l’excitation, une chute de l’inhibition et l’implication du GABA dĂ©polarisant. Nous discutons ensuite des diffĂ©rents aspects de nos travaux Ă  la lumiĂšre de la littĂ©rature et dĂ©crivons les perspectives ouvertes par cette thĂšse d’un point de vue fondamental, clinique et physiologique

    Computational modeling of epilepsy in infancy with migrating focal seizures

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    L’épilepsie avec crises focales migrantes du nourrisson se caractĂ©rise par l’apparition de crises focales avant 6 mois qui s’intensifient jusqu’à une phase d’orage oĂč il y a des crises migrantes. Les mutations gain-defonction du gĂšne KCNT1 sont les principales mutations responsables de cette Ă©pilepsie. Nous nous sommes intĂ©ressĂ©s Ă  une cohorte de patients ayant une mutation du gĂšne KCNT1 et cette Ă©pilepsie afin de mieux comprendre ce syndrome en vue de le modĂ©liser. D’abord, nous avons prĂ©cisĂ© la clinique de ces patients, notamment le mauvais devenir Ă  long terme, la forte mortalitĂ©, la microcĂ©phalie et la prĂ©sence de symptĂŽmes extra-neurologiques. Puis, nous avons dĂ©terminĂ©, via l’étude des EEG ictaux, que les crises migrantes n’étaient pas chaotiques mais correspondaient plutĂŽt Ă  un type de propagation et nous avons identifiĂ© des marqueurs spĂ©cifiques de cette Ă©pilepsie. Ensuite, nous avons montrĂ© que la majoritĂ© des mutations KCNT1 semblaient se regrouper dans des "points chauds" et qu’il n’y avait pas de corrĂ©lation gĂ©notype-phĂ©notype stricte. Finalement, nous avons modĂ©lisĂ© cette Ă©pilepsie Ă  l’échelle microscopique et mĂ©soscopique. Les rĂ©sultats prĂ©liminaires montraient une baisse de l’excitation, une chute de l’inhibition et l’implication du GABA dĂ©polarisant. Nous discutons ensuite des diffĂ©rents aspects de nos travaux Ă  la lumiĂšre de la littĂ©rature et dĂ©crivons les perspectives ouvertes par cette thĂšse d’un point de vue fondamental, clinique et physiologique.Epilepsy in infancy with migrating focal seizures is characterized by focal seizures beginning before 6 months that intensify to a stormy phase where so-called migrating focal seizures appear. The gain-of-function mutations of the KCNT1 gene are the main causes of this epilepsy. We focused on a cohort of patients with a KCNT1 mutations and this epilepsy to better understand this syndrome in order to model it. First, we specified the clinic for these patients, including long-term poor outcomes, high mortality, microcephaly and the presence of extra-neurological symptoms. Then, we determined, through the study of ictal EEGs, that migrating seizures were not chaotic but rather corresponded to a type of propagation and we have identified specific markers of this epilepsy. Then, we showed that the majority of KCNT1 mutations appeared to cluster in "hot spots" and that there was no strict genotypephenotype correlation. Finally, we modelled this epilepsy at microscopic and mesoscopic levels. Preliminary results showed a decrease in excitation, a fall in inhibition and involvement of depolarizing GABA. We then discuss the different aspects of our work in the light of the literature and describe the perspectives opened by this thesis from a fundamental, clinical and physiological point of views

    Eléments électro-cliniques localisateurs des spasmes épileptiques d'origine lésionnelle chez l'enfant

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    Introduction: Les spasmes Ă©pileptiques correspondent Ă  une brĂšve contraction des muscles proximaux et de la nuque, classiquement en flexion et symĂ©triques, concomitants d'un grapho-Ă©lĂ©ment EEG caractĂ©ristique. FrĂ©quemment observĂ©s dans le cadre d'un syndrome de West, ils peuvent survenir dans le cadre d'autres syndromes Ă©pileptiques dont une Ă©pilepsie focale symptomatique dĂ©butant dĂšs les premiers jours de vie ou chez l'enfant plus grand voire chez l'adulte. Les spasmes peuvent ĂȘtre asymĂ©triques et associĂ©s Ă  des crises focales surtout lorsqu'une lĂ©sion cĂ©rĂ©brale focale est Ă  l'origine de l'Ă©pilepsie. La sĂ©miologie Ă©lectro-clinique des spasmes et des crises focales peuvent alors avoir une valeur localisatrice Ă  un Ăąge ou les malformations corticales focales sont souvent invisibles Ă  l'IRM du fait de l'immaturitĂ© de la myĂ©line. Objectif: DĂ©terminer les Ă©lĂ©ments Ă©lectro-cliniques localisateurs chez les enfants ĂągĂ©s de moins de 2 ans prĂ©sentant des spasmes avec ou sans crise focale associĂ©e dans le cadre d'une Ă©pilepsie focale ou d'un syndrome de West symptomatiques avec une lĂ©sion corticale focale identifiĂ©e. MĂ©thode: Les EEG vidĂ©o prolongĂ©s avec polygraphie rĂ©alisĂ©s entre 1996 et 2012 Ă  l'hĂŽpital Saint Vincent de Paul et Necker Ă  Paris, ont Ă©tĂ© revus. Les donnĂ©es Ă©lectro-cliniques: sĂ©miologie des spasmes et des crises focales, aspect de l'EEG intercritique et critique, ls anomalies EEG focales (pointes, ondes lentes, pointe-ondes et rythmes rapides) ont Ă©tĂ© recueillies et complĂ©tĂ©s par une analyse du signal EEG comparant les puissances spectrales dans 3 bandes de frĂ©quence (delta+ thĂȘta, alpha+ beta 1 et beta 2) au niveau de l'ensemble des Ă©lectrodes entre la pĂ©riode intercritique et les 2s prĂ©cĂ©dant les spasmes. RĂ©sultats: Cinq enfants ĂągĂ©s entre 14j et 7 mois prĂ©sentant une Ă©pilepsie focale (2) ou un syndrome de West (3) symptomatiques d'une dysplasie corticale focale (2 fronto-centrales, 2 temporales et une temporo-occipitale) ont Ă©tĂ© inclus. Chez tous les enfants, le tracĂ© intercritique comportait des anomalies focales de mĂȘme topographie que la lĂ©sion. Chez 3 patients qui prĂ©sentaient des crises focales en plus des spasmes la sĂ©miologie Ă©tait concordante avec la topographie de la lĂ©sion. Le caractĂšre asynchrone et/ou asymĂ©trique des spasmes Ă©tait observĂ© chez les 2 enfants avec une lĂ©sion fronto-centrale. Les grapho-Ă©lĂ©ments correspondant aux spasmes Ă©taient stĂ©rĂ©otypĂ©es avec des rythmes rapides et/ou de pointes et une onde lente d'amplitude maximale de mĂȘme topographie que la lĂ©sion. L'augmentation de la puissance spectrale dans les diffĂ©rentes bandes de frĂ©quence Ă©tait significative avant le dĂ©but du spasme, en particulier dans les bandes alpha+beta 1 et beta 2 et prĂ©dominait au niveau de l'Ă©lectrode la plus proche de la lĂ©sion. Ce rĂ©sultat est en faveur d'une origine corticale focale du spasme Ă©pileptique dans ce cadre Ă©tiologique. Conclusion: L'analyse de l'EEG VidĂ©o avec polygraphie des spasmes dans le cadre d'un syndrome de West ou d'une Ă©pilepsie focale symptomatiques d'une lĂ©sion corticale focale permet de localiser la lĂ©sion souvent invisible sur l'IRM Ă  cet Ăąge. La localisation peut ĂȘtre affinĂ©e par une analyse du signal EEG et contribuer au bilan prĂ©-chirurgical en cas de pharmacorĂ©sistance.Introduction: The epileptic spasms correspond to a bried contraction of proximal muscles and neck, typically in flexion, and symmetric concomitant to a characteristic EEG pattern. They mostly occur during West syndrome but also in focal structural epilepsy in neonate, toddlers or older children and more rarely in adults. Asymmetric or associated to focal seizures epileptic spasms are usually related to a focal lesion. Fine electro-clinical analysis may help to localize it at the age when the MRI often fails to disclose focal malformations of cortical development. Objective: To disclose localizing electro-clinical ictal and interictal features in children under 2 years of age with epileptic spasms associated or not to focal seizures during West syndrome or focal structural epilepsy. Method: Long duration Video EEG with polygraphy were analyzed (semiology of the focal seizures and epileptic spasms, location of the intercital spikes, waves, spike-waves, sharp waves and rapid rhytms). The power spectrum increase during 2 second preceding the onset of the spasmes in 3 frequency bands (delta + theta + alpha B1 and B2) at all electrodes was compared to the interictal period. Results: Five children with focal cortical dysplasia and focal epilepsy (2) and West syndrome (3) aged 14 days to 7 months were included. All had epileptic spasms and 3 had additional focal seizures. In all children intercritical EEG showed focal abnormalities concordant with the topography of the lesion (2 frontal-central, 2 temporal-occipital). The electro-clinical features of the epileptic spasms and focal seizures were also concordant with the topography of the lesion: asymmetric spasms were observed in children wuth frontal-central lesion and the EEG pattern of the spasms (spikes, rapid rhytms followed by high amplitude slow waves) had maximal amplitude at the lesion location. Power spectrum significantly increased before the onset of the spasm in the beta 1 and beta 2 + alpha bands, predominantly at the region close to the lesion. Conclusion:Video EEG polygraphic recordings helps to localize the lesion in symptomatic West syndrome or in symptomatic focal epilepsy with epileptic spasms at the age when MRI often fails to disclose focal malformations of cortical development. This analysis contribute to pre-surgical evaluation in the case of drug resistance.RENNES1-BU SantĂ© (352382103) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Mesure de l’asynchronie thoraco-abdominale par la mĂ©thode de la corrĂ©lation croisĂ©e chez 29 enfants suspects de SAOS

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    National audienceObjectif Confronter l’analyse du flux respiratoire par un expert Ă  la mesure de la corrĂ©lation croisĂ©e appliquĂ©e aux signaux de plethysmographie Ă  inductance thoracique (PT) et abdominale (PA). La corrĂ©lation croisĂ©e quantifie la synchronisation de deux signaux via les fonctions C × 1 × 2(τ) et τ oĂč τ reprĂ©sente le dĂ©calage de temps Δt donnant la corrĂ©lation maximale C × 1 × 2(τ) entre PT(t) et PA(t + Δt). MĂ©thodes La moyenne (m) et l’écart-type (sd) de C×1 × 2(τ) τ et SpO2 ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©es pour chaque stade de sommeil sur les polysomnographies de 29 enfants (m[Ăąge] = 7 ans) regroupĂ©s en 4 niveaux de sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© basĂ©s sur l’index d’apnĂ©e–hypopnĂ©e obstructive (IAHO) : IAHO ≀ 1,5 n = 12, 1,5 < IHAO ≀ 3 n = 4, 3 < IAHO ≀ 5,5 n = 5, IAHO > 5,5 n = 8. Les effets [sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© du SAOS] et [stade du sommeil] ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©valuĂ©s par un test de Kruskal–Wallis, avec confrontation Ă  l’IAHO par un test de corrĂ©lation de Spearman. RĂ©sultats Par ordre dĂ©croissant sont liĂ©s Ă  la [sĂ©vĂ©ritĂ© du SAOS] : sd(τ) > m(C×1 × 2(τ)) > m(τ) > m(SpO2). L’effet [stade du sommeil] est trĂšs significatif pour toutes les variables sauf m(SpO2). Au test de Spearman, la corrĂ©lation Ă  l’IAHO n’est significative qu’en sommeil profond. Conclusion Chez l’enfant suspect de SAOS, la mĂ©thode de la corrĂ©lation croisĂ©e peut apporter une aide en cas de perte des signaux de flux respiratoire ; sd(τ) en sommeil profond se distingue particuliĂšrement. Avec un cut-off de sd(τ) Ă  0,086 en sommeil N2, ce paramĂštre distingue les groupes I et II des groupes III et IV avec une validitĂ© de : Se 75 % Sp 88 % Vpp 81 % Vpn 83 

    An Overview of Blood Pressure Measurement in Telemonitoring Context

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    International audienceBlood pressure is an important measure for monitoring hypertension and other cardiac diseases. Learned societies recommend following specific guidelines when measuring it. With the growing market of connected sensors, also known as the Internet of Things, the general public can be guided in performing a blood pressure measurement in compliance with international recommendations. In this article, we address commercialized blood pressure monitors and discuss how it is possible to improve measurement reliability by combining data from different sources in accordance with guidelines. To this purpose, we investigate the connected sensors market and determine which recommendations can be checked by commercialized sensors to guide users in performing a reliable blood pressure measurement
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