พฤติกรรมการบริโภคอาหารของผู้สูงอายุที่มีอายุยืน ตำบลท่าพี่เลี้ยง อำเภอเมือง จังหวัดสุพรรณบุรี

การค้นคว้าอิสระ (คศ.ม.) -- มหาวิทยาลัยเทคโนโลยีราชมงคลพระนคร, 2559The purposes of this research are to investigate 1) personal factors contributing to the longevity of elderly 2) the dietary behavior of long-living elderly and 3) the relationship between personal factors such as:gender, age, BMI and dietary behavior. The samples are 29 of long-living elderly with ages more than 80 years old living in Tambon Tha Phi Liang, Muang district, Suphanburi province. The long-living elderly must be able to answer the questions. The statistics used to analyze data in this research are frequency, percentage, and Chi-Square (χ2). The data were analyzed using statistical tools. As for thier dietary behavior, it was found that most long-living elderly usually have five food groups:eggs, UHT milk, paddy, morning glory, cabbage, watermelon, papaya and vegetable oils. They purchased these five groups of food for consumption. Boiling was the main method of cooking. They usually stored food in the refrigerator to keep them fresh. The relationship between personal factors and dietary behavior could be classified into 5 areas : types of food, frequency of consumption, sources of food, methods of cooking and methods of food preservation. The finding found that gender, age and BMI were related with food consumption. However, cooking (boiling) was not related with statistically significant level at .05.Rajamangala University of Technology Phra Nakho

Characterization of mucus-associated proteins from abalone (Haliotis) – candidates for chemical signaling

Living in groups is a widespread phenomenon in the animal kingdom. For free-spawning aquatic animals, such as the abalone (Haliotis), being in the close proximity to potential mating partners enhances reproductive success. In this study, we investigated whether chemical cues could be present in abalone mucus that enable species-specific aggregation. A comparative MS analysis of mucus obtained from trailing or fixed stationary Haliotis asinina, and from seawater surrounding aggregations, indicated that water-soluble biomolecules are present and that these can stimulate sensory activity in conspecifics. Purified extracts of trail mucus contain at least three small proteins [termed H. asinina mucus-associated proteins (Has-MAPs)-1&ndash;3], which readily diffuse into the surrounding seawater and evoke a robust cephalic tentacle response in conspecifics. Mature Has-MAP-1 is approximately 9.9 kDa in size, and has a glycine-rich N-terminal region. Has-MAP-2 is approximately 6.2 kDa in size, and has similarities to schistosomin, a protein that is known to play a role in mollusc reproduction. The mature Has-MAP-3 is approximately 12.5 kDa in size, and could only be identified within trail mucus of animals outside of the reproductive season. All three Has-MAP genes are expressed at high levels within secretory cells of the juvenile abalone posterior pedal gland, consistent with a role in scent marking. We infer from these results that abalone mucus-associated proteins are candidate chemical cues that could provide informational cues to conspecifics living in close proximity and, given their apparent stability and hydrophilicity, animals further afield.<br /

Identification of an attractin-like pheromone in the mucus-secreting hypobranchial gland of the abalone Haliotis asinina linnaeus.

Pheromones are chemicals used to communicate between animals of the same species, and are thought to be used by most marine animals. With limited vision, abalone primarily sense their world chemically, and pheromones may play an important role in settlement, attraction, recognition, alarm, and reproduction. Despite this, there has been no detailed investigation into pheromone substances, both in their precise biochemical nature or pheromonal function. In this study, we investigated the presence of pheromonelike substances from the hypobranchial gland of the abalone Haliotis asinina using bioassays, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). The hypobranchial gland of many prosobranchial marine molluscs has been classified as a sex auxiliary gland releasing unknown substances during spawning. In our study, cephalic tentacle assays demonstrated that the cell extracts of the hypobranchial gland contain chemical cues that are sensed by conspecifics. An antibody against the sea slug &ldquo;attractin&rdquo; pheromone was used as a probe to localize a similar protein in the mucin-secreting cells of the epithelial lining the hypobranchial gland of both male and female abalone. The approximate molecular weight of this abalone attractin-like protein is 30 kDa in both males and females. Fractionation of hypobranchial gland extracts by C5 RP-HPLC could not selectively purify this protein, and no sex-specific differences were observed. We predict that the attractin-like protein could be one of a number of important proteins involved in maturation, aggregation, and/or spawning behavior of abalone. In future research, additional hypobranchial gland components will be tested further for these types of behavior

Mate choice and its evolutionary consequences in intertidal snails (Littorina spp.)

The ability to recognise potential mates and choose the best possible partner for reproduction is of fundamental importance for most animal species. This thesis presents studies of mate choice in marine snails of the genus Littorina, where male precopulatory mate choice seems to be more predominant than female precopulatory choice. Male mate choice starts already when the male choose (or not) to follow another individual’s mucus trail, which is deposited during locomotion. Trailfollowing is a central part of this thesis and gastropod trail- following in general has been thoroughly reviewed in one of the chapters. Both trail-following and copulations have been studied in several experiments to depict male mate choice and the consequences of mate choice on reproductive barriers between ecotypes (of L. fabalis) and sister-species (L. fabalis and L. obtusata). Mate choice does not always stop with a completed copulation. In species where females mate with multiple males there is a chance for cryptic mechanisms to act after copulation through cryptic female mate choice and/or sperm competition. In one of the chapters paternity distribution among offspring of females of L. saxatilis was studied, using genetic tools, and laboratory-raised families with known parents. Paternity was not randomly distributed among the fathers contributing to offspring production, indicating postcopulatory sexual selection either by cryptic female choice and/or sperm competition. Convenience polyandry has been suggested as an explanation for the apparent lack of female precopulatory mate choice and the extreme promiscuity in L. saxatilis. In this species we found that females try to reduce the number of costly matings by removing cues from their mucus trails, to avoid advertising their sex as females of closely related species do. Thus males are forced to search blindly for mates following male- and female mucus trails indiscriminately, consequently reducing male-female encounters and costs of superfluous matings for the female. This thesis contributes to new insights on mate choice and its effects on reproductive barriers in Littorina, and adds to our understanding of the evolution of new species

Extreme aggression in male squid induced by a beta-MSP-like pheromone

Male-male aggression is widespread in the animal kingdom and subserves many functions related to the acquisition or retention of resources such as shelter, food, and mates. These functions have been studied widely in the context of sexual selection, yet the proximate mechanisms that trigger or strengthen aggression are not well known for many taxa. Various external sensory cues (visual, audio, chemical) acting alone or in combination stimulate the complex behavioral interactions of fighting behaviors [1]. Here we report the discovery of a 10 kDa protein, termed Loligo β-microseminoprotein (Loligo β-MSP), that immediately and dramatically changes the behavior of male squid from calm swimming and schooling to extreme fighting, even in the absence of females. Females synthesize Loligo β-MSP in their reproductive exocrine glands and embed the protein in the outer tunic of egg capsules, which are deposited on the open sea floor. Males are attracted to the eggs visually, but upon touching them and contacting Loligo β-MSP, they immediately escalate into intense physical fighting with any nearby males. Loligo β-MSP is a distant member of the chordate β-microseminoprotein family [2] found in mammalian reproductive secretions, suggesting that this gene family may have taxonomically widespread roles in sexual competition