Gate Delay Fault Test Generation for Non-Scan Circuits

This article presents a technique for the extension of delay fault test pattern generation to synchronous sequential circuits without making use of scan techniques. The technique relies on the coupling of TDgen, a robust combinational test pattern generator for delay faults, and SEMILET, a sequential test pattern generator for several static fault models. The approach uses a forward propagation-backward justification technique: The test pattern generation is started at the fault location, and after successful ¿local¿ test generation fault effect propagation is performed and finally a synchronising sequence to the required state is computed. The algorithm is complete for a robust gate delay fault model, which means that for every testable fault a test will be generated, assuming sufficient time. Experimental results for the ISCAS'89 benchmarks are presented in this pape

Nozick on the difference principle

Robert Nozick’s Anarchy, State and Utopia contains one of the earliest and best-known criticisms of John Rawls’s theory of justice in general and the difference principle in particular. The discussion of Nozick’s critique of Rawls in the literature has focused on his argument against “patterned” conceptions of justice, of which the difference principle as Nozick understands it constitutes merely one version among others. In this article I consider the objection Nozick raises against the difference principle specifically, namely that it unfairly favors the “worse endowed” over the “better endowed” members of society. I argue that Nozick’s charge of unfairness against the difference principle is ambiguous between two distinct interpretations of the difference principle and as such divides into two distinct objections, the pre-cooperative and the cooperative fairness objection. I then argue that neither of these two interpretations of the difference principle represents the actual, Rawlsian difference principle accurately and that, more fundamentally, Nozick lacks the concept of politics as the distinctive moral category implicitly at work in Rawls’s theory of justice. Not as much of Nozick’s charge of unfairness against the difference principle therefore remains on reflection as may have appeared at first sight

Accounting for field-specific research practices in surveys

Establishing macroscopic effects of macro-level phenomena in science or science policy requires identifying macro-level change and causally ascribing it to the phenomena in question. The standardised survey that obtains data about samples of a larger population are one of the few instruments that can observe macro-level change. However, the utility of standardised surveys in science studies is limited because it is still impossible to include the variation of research practices and epistemic conditions of action under which they occur in survey-based studies. Progress in survey-based research partly depends on developing and empirically operationalising for standardised surveys a theoretically grounded comparative framework for research practices and epistemic conditions of action under which they occur. The aim of this paper is to offer a first step by reviewing epistemic conditions of action identified in qualitative studies, suggesting how they may affect causal relationships studied by surveys, and discussing opportunities to ask standardised questions about them.

“Our Children are the Rock on Which our Future will be Built, our Greatest Asset as a Nation”: Maximen, Sprichwörtliches und Zitate in der Rhetorik Nelson Mandelas

The article intends to examine Nelson Mandela’s individual style and rhetoric in his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom (1994) and in the volume of his collected speeches, Nelson Mandela in His Own Words. From Freedom to the Future (2003). The personality of Nelson Mandela, the first non-white South African president, was moulded by the native tradition of his Xhosa tribe, by the complex English culture which he interiorized in his adult life, and by the profound knowledge of Afrikaans language, history and politics which he acquired during his 27 years in prison. The repercussions of this varied cultural background may be found in Mandela’s use of proverbs, proverbial sayings, slogans, self-coined maxims and aphorisms, allusions to English and American literature, to antiquity and the Bible. On the whole, Nelson Mandela distrusted the ‘rhetoric’ of the former representatives of the Apartheid system. Instead, in his own political speeches in the light of ‘nation building’ he applied structural devices and figures of speech from ancient rhetoric. Moreover, a rich imagery and well-chosen phraseological units add to Nelson Mandela’s linguistic/stylistic portrait

A Tribute to Anthony Paul Cowie (19 June 1931 – 22 November 2015)

A TRIBUTE TO ANTHONY PAUL COWIE (19th June 1931 – 22nd November 2015) British Lexicographer – Lexicologist – Phraseologist and Foreign Language Teache

“Our Children are the Rock on Which our Future will be Built, our Greatest Asset as a Nation”: Maximen, Sprichwörtliches und Zitate in der Rhetorik Nelson Mandelas

The article intends to examine Nelson Mandela’s individual style and rhetoric in his autobiography Long Walk to Freedom (1994) and in the volume of his collected speeches, Nelson Mandela in His Own Words. From Freedom to the Future (2003). The personality of Nelson Mandela, the first non-white South African president, was moulded by the native tradition of his Xhosa tribe, by the complex English culture which he interiorized in his adult life, and by the profound knowledge of Afrikaans language, history and politics which he acquired during his 27 years in prison. The repercussions of this varied cultural background may be found in Mandela’s use of proverbs, proverbial sayings, slogans, self-coined maxims and aphorisms, allusions to English and American literature, to antiquity and the Bible. On the whole, Nelson Mandela distrusted the ‘rhetoric’ of the former representatives of the Apartheid system. Instead, in his own political speeches in the light of ‘nation building’ he applied structural devices and figures of speech from ancient rhetoric. Moreover, a rich imagery and well-chosen phraseological units add to Nelson Mandela’s linguistic/stylistic portrait