20 research outputs found

    Specific base flow in the High Bieszczady Mountains

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    The paper presents spatial distribution of base flow in the High Bieszczady Mts. (the Outer Carpathians). Discharges in 30 investigated catchments were measured in October 2009 during low flow period. Differences observed in unit base flow were varying from 0.9 dm>sup>3 s-1 km-2 in the Niedźwiedzi catchment to 6.8 dm3 s-1 km-2 in the Hulski catchment. Occurrence of colluviums is conducive to high values of base flow. On the other hand, low values of base flow are common to catchments drained by short and shallow streams. Correlations between unit base flow and stream density, altitude or geological unit were not proved

    Geological and geomorphological condition of the hydrographic network pattern in the catchment of the Upper Wołosatka Stream (High Bieszczady Mts)

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    Przeprowadzono szczegółowe kartowanie hydrograficzne obejmujące m.in. układ sieci rzecznej w górnej części zlewni Wołosatki. Badania ukierunkowane były na określenie związków między współczesnym układem sieci rzecznej a budową geologiczną i rzeźbą. Dominującą rolę w kształtowaniu układu sieci rzecznej odgrywa przebieg warstw skalnych oraz obecność stref nieciągłości tektonicznych. Upad warstw skalnych decyduje o możliwości retencji wód opadowych i obok uwarunkowań klimatycznych jest czynnikiem decydującym o zasobności zbiornika wód podziemnych. Odpływ jednostkowy okresów niżówkowych w poszczególnych częściach zlewni może wynosić od 2.1 do 9.8 l/s/km2l/s/km^{2}Detailed hydrographic investigation was carried out in the catchment of Upper Wołosatka Stream. The characteristics cover the structure of hydrographic network, namely its pattern. Detailed map of stream network was created. The main factors controlling the development of the hydrological network were discussed. Geological structures played the most important role in the development of hydrographic network. The capacity of groundwater aquifer is strictly connected with the dip of flysch strata hoverer it also reflects the rain shadow effect. The unit discharge in the catchment can range in dry periods from 2.1 up to 9.8 $l/s/km^{2}

    Springs of the upper Wołosatka River catchment in the Wysokie Bieszczady Mountains.

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    Paper presents results of mapping of springs of the upper Wołosatka River catchment (Wysokie Bieszczady Mts. -Outer Carpathians). Springs were the most common outflow type in the area (52.55%). Outflow density in the area studied (8.32 km2) was equal 23.56 per km2, while spring rate was 12.4 per km2. Outflow discharges were low and very low- most springs belong to Meinzer classes VI-VIII. Only seven springs had discharges higher than 0.5 dm3/s, and three-over 1 dm3/s. The spatial outflow distribution strongly depends on geology, tectonics and river valley direction. High density of outflows was especially observed within the Bukowe Berdo anticline, where the Otryt sandstones are alternated by thin-bedded flysch of high shale content. All these layers dip down in the opposite direction to the slope, which creates numerous springs and other outflows. Furthermore, a spectacular spring line is visible in the field lying along the Halicz fault

    A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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    The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (n = 21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world

    Трудовая стабильность и экономическая ситуация страны и принятие финансовых решений

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    Celem badań była analiza wpływu warunków zewnętrznych (stopień pewności odnoszącej się do przyszłych dochodów i kondycji ekonomicznej kraju) na podejmowanie decyzji dotyczących oszczędzania i zadłużania się indywidualnych konsumentów. W badaniu 1 warunki zewnętrzne odnosiły się do bliższego otoczenia osoby badanej, związanego z jej sytuacją ekonomiczną i dochodową. W badaniu 2 przyjęto szerszą perspektywę ekonomiczną, w której warunki zewnętrzne podejmowanej decyzji określane były przez poziom stabilności ekonomicznej danego kraju. W badaniu uczestniczyły 174 osoby. Wyniki dowiodły istotnego wpływu bliższego otoczenia zewnętrznego jednostki na podejmowane przez nią decyzje dotyczące oszczędzania. Nie stwierdzono wpływu badanych warunków na decyzje dotyczące zadłużania. Stwierdzono także brak powyższej zależności w odniesieniu do warunków zewnętrznych związanych z sytuacją ekonomiczną kraju.The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of external conditions (the degree of uncertainty relating to future income and economic condition of the country) on the decision-making regarding saving and debt-incurrence of individual consumers. In study 1, the external conditions were related to the respondent’s closer environment, regarding his or her economic and income situation. In study 2, a broader economic perspective was adopted where the external conditions of the decision were determined by the level of economic stability of the country. 174 people participated in the study. The results showed a significant impact of the closer external environment only on savings decisions. Closer external conditions had no impact on debt-incurrence decisions. Neither there was any impact of external conditions related to the economic situation of the country on saving nor debt-incurrence decisions.Целью изучения был анализ влияния внешних условий (степень уверенности в будущих доходах и экономическом положении страны) на принятие решений в отношении сбережений и задолженности отдельных потребителей. В обследовании 1 внешние условия касались ближайшей среды обследуемого, связанной с его экономической ситуацией и доходами. В обследовании 2 приняли более широкую экономическую перспективу, в которой внешние условия принимаемого решения определялись уровнем экономической стабильности данной страны. В обследовании приняли участие 174 лица. Результаты показали существенное влияние ближайшей внешней среды индивида на принимаемые им решения о сбережениях. Не отметили влияния изучаемых условий на решения в отношении задолженности. Констатировали тоже отсутствие зависимости по отношению ко внешним условиям, связанным с экономической ситуацией страны

    Economic Education of Children and Youth in Poland

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    Knowledge and understanding of basic economic concepts is the basis for the future orientation of young people in the world of economy and influences taken in this sphere behavior. Nowadays, children earlier and earlier take activity in economy, thus the role of economic knowledge increases. The article records the results of research on economic knowledge concerning basic concepts and on the understanding of market mechanisms by Polish pupils as well as presents the institutional form of economic education in Poland. The conducted research show that young people in Poland have insufficient economic knowledge. Forms of economic education of pupils conducted by the Polish National Bank and other commercial banks as well as The Children University of Economic and The University of Young Economist are also discussed

    How do Polish children understand economic concepts?

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    Knowledge and understanding of basic economic concepts is crucial for the future orientation of a child in a world of economy and influences taken in this sphere behaviors. Nowadays, children earlier and earlier begin activity in the market, thus the role of economic knowledge increases. This paper presents the results of the research on the fundamental concepts of economic knowledge and understanding of market mechanisms by the children attending the first and sixth grades of primary school. In particular, it analyzes the process of gaining knowledge about money, banks and relation between the supply of a particular good and its price. The results show that children gradually gain economic knowledge, reaching the level enabling to understand the relations between particular actors of the market at the age of twelve

    Materialism, empathy and willingness to help as correlates of university and faculty selection

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    The article presents results of two studies on the issue of individual characteristics as factors related to the choice of the type of university or faculty. The study 1 is focused on the level of materialism as well as the definition of a life success formulated by private and state university students. The study 2 analyses the propensity to help other people and the level of empathy among pedagogics and business students. Studies were conducted with DSM (Górnik-Durose, 2002) scale measuring materialism and designed life- success questionnaire (study 1) or IRI scale developed by Davis (1980) measuring the level of empathy (study 2). The sample amounted to 92 respondents in both studies. Results show that private university students are characterized by a higher level of materialism than public university students. Students from private university, in comparison with state university students, also score higher success in life of a person with higher income. According to the results of study 2, students of pedagogics declare higher willingness to help than business students and are characterized as experiencing more positive feelings for other people who are in a difficult situatio

    The role of education in forming voluntary tax compliance

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    The article describes a variety of factors determining taxpayers willingness to pay taxes. External, referred to economic variables (e.g. tax rates, income), and internal, related to psychological features (e.g. knowledge, motivational postures), factors are distinguished. Particularly, the relation between the level of economic knowledge and attitudes toward taxation is discussed

    Third places in small towns in Lesser Poland

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    Niniejsza praca porusza problematykę dostępności miejsc trzecich w małych miastach województwa małopolskiego. Głównym celem jest określenie dostępności miejsc trzecich w małych miastach oraz uchwycenie relacji między potrzebami mieszkańców małych miast a oferowanymi miejscami trzecimi. Część teoretyczna opracowania porusza następującą problematykę: definicja oraz wskazanie przykładów, a także klasyfikacja (z uwzględnieniem wirtualnych) miejsc trzecich, omówienie pojęcia czasu wolnego oraz przestrzeni publicznej wraz z określeniem znaczenia dla człowieka i struktury miasta, wartość miejsc trzecich oraz miejsc zacisznych związana ze zdrowiem mieszkańców, scharakteryzowanie badanych miast uwzględniając zarys historii, współczesne cechy społeczno-gospodarcze oraz układ przestrzenny. Zakres opracowania obejmuje trzy małe (mające poniżej 20 tysięcy mieszkańców) miejscowości województwa małopolskiego: Mszanę Dolną, Dobczyce i Niepołomice. Badanie ankietowe przeprowadzone w roku 2022 stanowi metodę badawczą. Część empiryczna składa się z trzech etapów: analizy zgromadzonych danych, opracowania odpowiednich wniosków oraz sformułowania rekomendacji dla samorządów lokalnych. Otrzymane wyniki wyznaczają istotność miejsca trzeciego, czyli tego poza miejscem pierwszym (określającym dom) oraz miejscem drugim (związanym z pracą bądź szkołą) w życiu mieszkańców.The master's thesis addresses the issue of the accessibility and availability of third places in small towns in Lesser Poland. The aim of the research is to capture the relationships between the needs of the population of small towns and the third places offered. The theoretical part of the study deals with the following issues: definition and indication of examples, as well as classification of third places (including virtual), discussion of the concept of free time and public space together with the definition of the meaning for people and the structure of the city, the value of third places and quiet places related to the health of residents, characterization of the examined cities, taking into account the outline of their history, contemporary socio-economic features and spatial arrangement. The scope of the study involves three small (less than 20,000 inhabitants) towns in Lesser Poland: Mszana Dolna, Dobczyce and Niepołomice. The survey conducted in 2022 is a research method. The empirical part consists of three stages: analysis of the collected data, development of appropriate conclusions and formulation of recommendations for local governments. The obtained results determine the importance of the third place, i.e. the one outside the first place (defining home) and the second place (connected with work or school) in the lives of residents
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