Thyroid Hypoplasia as a Cause of Congenital Hypothyroidism in Monozygotic Twins Concordant for Rubinstein-Taybi Syndrome.

Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome (RSTS), a genetic disorder characterized by growth retardation, mental deficiency, dysmorphic face, broad thumbs and large toes, generally affects monozygotic twins concordantly. Thyroid hypoplasia (TH) is a common cause of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and often accompanies dysmorphic syndromes. A pair of female twins were admitted to our neonatology unit 16 hours after delivery. They were born at 35 weeks of gestation. Both twins had an unusual dysmorphic facial appearance with microcephaly, as well as broad short thumbs and large toes. Based on the presence of characteristic dysmorphic features, the twins were diagnosed as RSTS. Thyroid function tests in the first twin revealed the following results: free thyroxine (T4) 8.4 pg/mL, thyrotropin (TSH) 4.62 mIU/L, thyroglobulin (TG) 213.24 ng/mL and a normal level of urinary iodine excretion (UIE). Thyroid function test results in the second twin in the second week were: free T4 5.9 pg/mL, TSH 9.02 mIU/L, TG 204.87 ng/mL, and normal UIE levels. Thyroid volumes were 0.36 mL and 0.31 mL in the first and second twin, respectively. TH was confirmed by technetium 99 m pertechnetate thyroid scans in both infants. Thyroid function tests normalized with L-thyroxine replacement therapy (10 μg/kg/day) around the end of the 3rd week of life. The infants were discharged planning their follow-up by both endocrinology and cardiology units. The rarity of cases of twins with RSTS (concordant) co-existing with CH led us to present this report

Evaluation of Etiological Causes in Children with Symptomatic Hematuria

Hematuria is an important and common symptom of urinary system pathologies in children, and careful evaluation is required for its definitive diagnosis. In this study, we aimed to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics and etiological causes of patients who applied to our pediatric nephrology clinic with hematuria. In this study, the record of 434 patients who were followed up in our clinic for macroscopic and/or microscopic hematuria were evaluated retrospectively. Demographic data, clinical findings, laboratory and imaging examinations and final diagnosis of the patients were recorded. Out of 434 patients with hematuria, 239 (55%) were male and 195 (45%) were female. Of the patients, 291 (67%) had macroscopic hematuria and 83 (19.1%) had glomerular hematuria. Non-glomerular causes were found in 80.9%, with a significantly higher rate. Most of the causes of non-glomerular hematuria were urinary tract infection and renal stones. Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) was found to be responsible for the majority of glomerular diseases. This study shows that most of the pathologies that may cause hematuria can be detected with a detailed history, careful physical examination and simple laboratory tests

Volume CXIV, Number 4, November 7, 1996

Objective: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal disorder caused by complete or partial X chromosome monosomy that manifests various clinical features depending on the karyotype and on the genetic background of affected girls. This study aimed to systematically investigate the key clinical features of TS in relationship to karyotype in a large pediatric Turkish patient population.Methods: Our retrospective study included 842 karyotype-proven TS patients aged 0-18 years who were evaluated in 35 different centers in Turkey in the years 2013-2014.Results: The most common karyotype was 45,X (50.7%), followed by 45,X/46,XX (10.8%), 46,X,i(Xq) (10.1%) and 45,X/46,X,i(Xq) (9.5%). Mean age at diagnosis was 10.2±4.4 years. The most common presenting complaints were short stature and delayed puberty. Among patients diagnosed before age one year, the ratio of karyotype 45,X was significantly higher than that of other karyotype groups. Cardiac defects (bicuspid aortic valve, coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosis) were the most common congenital anomalies, occurring in 25% of the TS cases. This was followed by urinary system anomalies (horseshoe kidney, double collector duct system and renal rotation) detected in 16.3%. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was found in 11.1% of patients, gastrointestinal abnormalities in 8.9%, ear nose and throat problems in 22.6%, dermatologic problems in 21.8% and osteoporosis in 15.3%. Learning difficulties and/or psychosocial problems were encountered in 39.1%. Insulin resistance and impaired fasting glucose were detected in 3.4% and 2.2%, respectively. Dyslipidemia prevalence was 11.4%.Conclusion: This comprehensive study systematically evaluated the largest group of karyotype-proven TS girls to date. The karyotype distribution, congenital anomaly and comorbidity profile closely parallel that from other countries and support the need for close medical surveillance of these complex patients throughout their lifespa

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Elektrokoagülasyon yöntemi ile bazik boyarmaddelerin giderilmesi

06.03.2018 tarihli ve 30352 sayılı Resmi Gazetede yayımlanan “Yükseköğretim Kanunu İle Bazı Kanun Ve Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerde Değişiklik Yapılması Hakkında Kanun” ile 18.06.2018 tarihli “Lisansüstü Tezlerin Elektronik Ortamda Toplanması, Düzenlenmesi ve Erişime Açılmasına İlişkin Yönerge” gereğince tam metin erişime açılmıştır.Bugün insanoğlunun yüz yüze geldiği en büyük sorunlardan biri dünyada geniş bir kirlenmenin olduğu yerlerde temiz suyun sağlanmasıdır. Artan nüfus ve gelişen teknolojiye bağlı olarak her geçen gün farklı karakteristikte ve daha yüksek debilerde atıksuların miktarı artmıştır. Tekstil endüstrisi atıksularının arıtılmasında yaygın olarak kullanılan fizikokimyasal prosesler filtrasyon, flotasyon, iyon değiştirme, kimyasal çöktürme, oksidasyon, adsorpsiyon, ters ozmoz ve elektrodiyalizidir. Endüstriyel atıksuları diğer su sistemlerine deşarj etmeden önce temizlemek kadar insanların tüketimlerine temiz su sağlamak için yeni ucuz ve etkili metotlara ihtiyaç vardır. Elektrokoagülasyon, elektrokimyasal atıksu arıtma teknolojisi olup, son zamanlarda yapılan deneylerde popülerliği artmış ve kayda değer teknik gelişmeler göstermiştir.Bu çalışmada, tekstil endüstrisinde kullanılan Bazik Mavi 17 (BM17) boyarmaddesinin sulu çözeltilerden giderilmesi için elektrokoagülasyon yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Bu boya yün ve battaniye fabrikalarında lifleri boyamak için kullanılır. BM17 nin elektrokoagülasyonuna pH, elektroliz süresi, başlangıç boya konsantrasyonu ve akım yoğunluğunun etkileri elektrolit olarak NaCl mevcudiyetinde incelenmiş ve enerji tüketimleri hesaplanmıştır. Demir kurban anot kullanılarak BM17 sulu çözeltiden etkili şekilde giderilmiştir. Akım yoğunluğunun 8,738 mA/cm2, işlem süresinin 7 dakika ve başlangıç pH sının 4-8 olduğu optimum şartlarda çözeltiden %95 in üzerinde boyanın giderildiği bulunmuştur. Elektroliz sırasında elektrot ve enerji tüketimleri sırasıyla 1.688 kg Fe/kg boya ve 32.74 kWh/kg boya olarak bulunmuştur.One of the major challenges facing mankind today is to provide clean water to a vast majority of the population around the world. The amount of wastewaters with different characterizations and high flow rate has increased based on increasing population and developing technology at any moment. The physico-chemical treatment processes commonly used in the clarification of textile industry wastewaters are filtration, flotation, ion-exchange, chemical precipitation, chemical oxidation, adsorption, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis. Innovative, cheap and effective methods of purifying water of human consumption as well as to clean the wastewater from industrial effluents before discharging into any other water systems are needed. Electrocoagulation (EC) is an electrochemical wastewater treatment technology that is currently experiencing both increased popularity and considerable technical improvements.In this study, EC has been used for the removal of color from solutions containing C. I. Basic Blue 17 (BB17) used in the textile industry. This dye is used in the wool and blanket factories for fiber dyeing. In the EC of BB17 the effects of initial pH, electrolysis time, initial dye concentration, current density were examined in the presence of NaCl as electrolyte and energy consumptions were calculated. The dye in the aqueous solution was effectively removed when iron was used as sacrificial anode. It was found that >95% of the dye was removed from the solution under the optimum conditions such as; current density 8,738 mA/cm2, operating time 7 min and initial pH 4-8. The corresponding electrode and energy consumptions during the electrolysis were found to be 1.688 kg Fe/kg dye and 32.74 kWh/kg dye, respectively

Slender – motherly – well-informed: A comparing study about women’s ideal during the 1930’s out of a genus perspective : A comparing study about how women’s ideal are expressed and seen in the journals Hertha and Husmodern during 1935

In this research, the women ideals, during the 1930s have been studied based on the content of two women's magazines, Hertha and Husmodern. The purpose of the study was to look in to, how the ideals are expressed in each magazine, how the growing nationalism and the society’s social structure are affected by the design of the ideals, and then concluded in a comparison between the results of the magazines content. The study also had a gender perspective and was based on the theories gendersystem and genderorder. Results showed that ideals of beauty, ideals of housewives, motherhood and knowledge as ideals were indicated in the magazines, in different ways; through advertisements, articles and question columns. There was also a clear difference in which ideals the magazines expressed and also how they were expressed. In summary, the study showed that the prevailing societal changes after the First World War contributed to a process of change among Swedish women and they became increasingly aware of their rights and their independence. The study also showed that beauty- and body ideals became important ideals to follow as a Swedish woman

Slender – motherly – well-informed: A comparing study about women’s ideal during the 1930’s out of a genus perspective : A comparing study about how women’s ideal are expressed and seen in the journals Hertha and Husmodern during 1935

In this research, the women ideals, during the 1930s have been studied based on the content of two women's magazines, Hertha and Husmodern. The purpose of the study was to look in to, how the ideals are expressed in each magazine, how the growing nationalism and the society’s social structure are affected by the design of the ideals, and then concluded in a comparison between the results of the magazines content. The study also had a gender perspective and was based on the theories gendersystem and genderorder. Results showed that ideals of beauty, ideals of housewives, motherhood and knowledge as ideals were indicated in the magazines, in different ways; through advertisements, articles and question columns. There was also a clear difference in which ideals the magazines expressed and also how they were expressed. In summary, the study showed that the prevailing societal changes after the First World War contributed to a process of change among Swedish women and they became increasingly aware of their rights and their independence. The study also showed that beauty- and body ideals became important ideals to follow as a Swedish woman

Manipulation & Deepfakes: Technology that can trick the human

In present time anyone with access to the digital online world, can be exposed to videos created by artificial intelligence. Videos that are fabricated with the aim to deceive, mislead, misinform and manipulate the masses. This phenomenon called deepfakes has proven to pose a range of threats with the potential to violate human autonomy. On the basis of such issues, this project aims to research and convey what constitutes both deepfakes and autonomy. This aim also calls for an understanding of manipulation and what it consists of. With an organized and nuanced understanding of those concepts I discuss how deepfakes are manipulative and how it is a violation of autonomy. As various passages through the project argue, deepfakes can have profound impacts and consequences for the individual as well as for society. Lastly, I conclude that the consequences of deepfakes can cause several issues within politics, as deepfakes have shown to be capable of interfering with political affairs and public opinion. I further conclude that manipulation in an online context may cause further challenges in the future as the technology further advances

7. ve 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin matematiksel muhakeme becerilerinin incelenmesi

Bu araştırmanın amacı, matematik başarısı yüksek düzeyde olan öğrencilerin rutin olmayan matematik problemleri çözerken sergiledikleri matematiksel muhakeme becerilerinin incelenmesidir. Yapılan bu çalışmada, nitel araştırma modellerinden biri olan durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın amacına en uygun çalışma grubunun matematik başarısı yüksek olan öğrenciler olduğu ve bu öğrencilerden zengin veri elde edilebileceği düşünüldüğünden dolayı amaçlı örnekleme yoluna gidilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılında, İstanbul ili, Pendik ilçesindeki bir devlet ortaokulunda öğrenim gören matematik problemlerini çözmede başarılı yedinci ve sekizinci sınıf toplam 6 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak problem çözme etkinlikleri, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu, video ve ses kaydı kullanılmıştır. Problem çözme etkinliklerinin ilk sekiz tanesi öğrencilere bireysel olarak ve üç tanesi grup halinde uygulanmıştır. Grup görüşmeleri kendi sınıf seviyesinde iki öğrenciden oluşturulmuş iki grup şeklinde uygulanmıştır. İki öğrenci kendi istekleriyle grup görüşmelerinin dışında bırakılmıştır. Hazırlanan görüşme formundaki sorular araştırma sürecinin içinde problem çözme etkinlikleri esnasında öğrencilere yöneltilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz yaklaşımı kullanılarak çözümlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin süreç boyunca muhakeme becerilerini incelemek için Lithner’in (2008) çalışmalarında söz ettiği dört aşamalı akıl yürütme yapısı ve oluşturmuş olduğu muhakeme kuramsal çerçevesi alınarak betimsel analiz için kavramsal bir çerçeve oluşturulmuştur. Oluşturulan çerçeveye bağlı olarak veriler okunmuş ve düzenlenmiştir. Muhakeme türlerinin sınıflandırılması için belirlenen göstergeler doğrultusunda, öğrencilerin bu göstergeleri ortaya koyabilme durumları değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular sunulurken gerekli görülen yerlerde doğrudan alıntılara yer verilmiştir. Veri toplama araçlarının ve yapılan analizlerin geçerlik güvenirliği sağlanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğrencilerin araştırılan muhakeme çerçevesinde rutin olmayan matematik problemleri çözerken genel olarak yaratıcı muhakeme sergilediği, sık sık yaratıcı muhakeme ve taklitsel muhakemeye birlikte başvurduğu ve kısmen de taklitsel muhakemeye başvurduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin görüşme sorularına verdiği cevaplar ise sergiledikleri muhakemelerini doğrulamıştır. Öğrencilerin genelinin rutin problemlerde daha başarılı olduğu rutin olmayan problemlerde aynı başarıyı yakalayamadıkları görülmüştür. Bazı öğrencilerin ise rutin olmayan problemlerdeki başarısı dikkat çekmiştir. Ayrıca beş hafta süren araştırma süreci içinde öğrencilerin matematiksel muhakeme becerilerinin geliştiği gözlemlenmiştir. -------------------- The aim of this study is to investigate the mathematical reasoning skills of students with high mathematics achievement in solving non-routine mathematical problems. In this study, one of the qualitative research models, case study was used. Since the most suitable study group was the students with high mathematics achievement and rich data could be obtained from these students, purposeful sampling method was used. The study group of the study consisted of a total of 6 students in the seventh and eighth grade in the 2018-2019 academic year, who were successful in solving math problems in a state secondary school in Pendik, Istanbul. Problem-solving activities, semi-structured interview form, video and audio recording were used as data collection tools. The first eight problem solving activities were applied to the students individually and three of them were applied in groups. Group interviews were conducted in two groups consisting of two students at their class level. Two students were voluntarily excluded from group interviews. The questions in the interview form were directed to the students during the problem solving activities during the research process. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis approach. In order to examine the reasoning skills of the students throughout the process, the conceptual framework for descriptive analysis was formed by taking the four-stage reasoning structure and the reasoning theoretical framework that Lithner (2008) mentioned in his studies. Depending on the frame created, the data was read and edited. In accordance with the indicators determined for the classification of reasoning types, the students' ability to present these indicators was evaluated. Direct quotations are included where necessary. The validity reliability of the data collection tools and analyzes was ensured. As a result of the study, it was observed that students generally exhibited creative reasoning, often applied to creative reasoning and imitated reasoning and partially applied to imitative reasoning while solving non-routine mathematical problems within the framework of the reasoning investigated. The answers given by the students to the interview questions confirmed their reasoning. It was seen that the students were more successful in routine problems and they could not achieve the same success in non-routine problems. Some students' success in non-routine problems has attracted attention. In addition, students' mathematical reasoning skills were improved during the five-week research process

Cornerstones of Accounting History - I I

The aim with this study, "Preaccounting History Roots" title presented on "Accounting: ViewFrom The Past Into The Future" named International Scientific Conference in Saint-Petersburgon 11-12 April 2013 and "Cornerstones of Accounting History" title presented in Istanbul onMay 2010 with The 2nd Balkans and Middle East Countries Auditing and Accounting HistoryConference dealt with preaccounting history is intensified in parallel with the innovations ofcivilization and the title of the new Anthropology studies and other interdisciplinary fields.The originality of the study, especially the "History of accounting is as old as civilization"approach is at perspective made sense to provide. Hence with the help of recent reviews anddiscoveries addressing the study of accounting or account problem with Paleolithic Age historyof the thematic, chronological, social, dialectical and geographically specific areas areexamined and discussed with details.The findings of this study contributes clearly to the provision of information to users in thelight of scientific developments examined accounting and accounting activities of the humanhistory of the origins and evolution of the process of producing intelligent and tools, and newfindings. Now, in the light of the findings obtained and based on data from Paleolithic Agequest of existence of intelligent people and the findings interpreted the signs left behind in theprocess comments. Thus, historical information of the accumulation of actual accounting withas a contribution to the future arises occurs as more successful integration.Implications for the study are discussed on homo sapiens sapiens who live in peace with himselflines the walls of the cave, and marks the bones-shell-stones with the notches, rope-likeinstruments taken by nodes in the account until the grasp of life, and make it easier for controlsigns, symbols in the formation and operation phases.</p