NUTRIALBÓNDIGAS

La presente investigación busca validar la viabilidad de un nuevo producto que se planea lanzar al mercado peruano. Este producto posee el nombre de Nutrialbòndigas elaborado por la empresa KayPachaFoods. Asimismo, está compuesto por dos insumos principales; la quinua y el camote, ambos brindan un alto contenido de nutrientes, vitaminas y minerales. Para la idea de negocio, se realizaron diversas investigaciones previas y diversos prototipos para llegar al producto final, albóndigas naturales sin preservantes ni gluten. Con la información obtenida por las investigaciones se determinó que el mercado objetivo son las personas que residen en Lima Metropolitana, de las zonas geográficas 6 y 7 de los NSE A, B y C. Debido a que se preocupan por su salud, estado físico y están dispuestos a probar innovadoras presentaciones de productos tradicionales. Finalmente, luego de haber comercializado las Nutrialbóndigas se obtuvieron recomendaciones para que a lo largo del proyecto se produzcan constantemente mejoras en el producto. De igual manera, los usuarios se mostraron satisfechos con el producto brindado.The current investigation looks forward to make visible the new product which is planning to be launched to the Peruvian market. This product name is “Nutrialbondigas” elaborated for KayPachaFoods company. In addition to this, is composed of two main inputs: Quinoa and Sweetpotato, both shows a higher nutrients content such as vitamins and minerals. On the other hand, the business plan was necessary many previous investigations and several prototypes to reach the final product, natural meatballs no added preservatives and gluten free. With this information as a result from the previous investigation it is concluded that objective market are people who lives in Metropolitan Lima, from geographics zone 6 and 7 of NSE A, B and C. Because this are the population who cares about their health and physical condition, and they are willing to prove our new presentation from the traditional products. Finally, after having commercialized the Nutrialbóndigas, recommendations were obtained so that throughout the project there are constant improvements in the product. Furthermore, users were satisfied with the product provided.Trabajo de investigació

Evasión de impuestos y facturación electrónica: afectación para el desarrollo económico social del Ecuador

This research research work was carried out with the purpose of analyzing the social impact caused by tax evasion and the implementation of electronic invoicing in Ecuador. For this work, a database was created, which was useful for the analysis, descriptive research was used because the data and information that was collected had to be described to give a correct analysis and with it a good development of the present study and documentary research, because the data was collected directly from the different web pages of the institutions and fiscal control organizations in Ecuador, based on the figures and statistics published by them, finally, for the calculation of the population-sample, a the years 2021-2022. According to the analysis carried out in the different public organizations, it has allowed us to know the importance of tax collection and the positive and negative effects that these have on taxes in Ecuador, which have an important role in the economy of our country, what is collected in the period 2022 for taxes amounts to $14,462,488, a value greater than the$13,157,515 goal established. (Thousands of dollars). While the affectation by the use of electronic invoicing shows the following results: Authorized electronic receipts 8,589,504.00; Taxpayers who are already in electronic invoicing 1,334,992.00 and Taxpayers to Enter invoicing and are in the Test Phase 12,581,000.00 which, without a doubt, will represent a greater tax collection for Ecuador in the future and will avoid the indiscriminate felling of trees, something to favor of the environment.Este trabajo de investigación de investigación se llevó a cabo con la finalidad de analizar el impacto social que causa la evasión de impuestos y la implementación de la facturación electrónica en el Ecuador. Para este trabajo se armó una base de datos, que fue útil para el análisis, se usó la investigación descriptiva debido a que los datos e información que se recopiló debió ser descrita para dar un correcto análisis y con ello un buen desarrollo del presente estudio e investigación documental, porque los datos fueron recogidos directamente desde las diferentes páginas webs de las instituciones y organismos de control fiscal en el Ecuador, en base a las cifras y estadísticas publicadas por estas,   por último para el cálculo de la población-muestra se utilizó a los años  2021-2022.  Según el análisis efectuado en los diferentes organismos públicos ha permitido conocer la importancia que tiene la recaudación tributaria y los efectos positivos y negativos que estos con llevan a los tributos en el Ecuador tienen un papel importante en la economía del nuestro país lo recaudado en el período 2022 por conceptos de impuestos asciende a $14.462.488 valor mayor a lo establecido como meta$13.157.515. (miles de dólares). Mientras que la afectación por el uso de facturación electrónica muestra los siguientes resultados: Comprobantes electrónicos autorizados  8,589.504,00; Contribuyentes que ya están en facturación electrónica              1,334.992,00 y Contribuyentes por Ingresar a facturación y están Fase de prueba 12,581.000,00  qué sin duda alguna esto representará en el futuro una mayor recaudación tributaria para el Ecuador y evitará la tala indiscriminada de árboles, algo a favor del medioambiente

A Randomized, Controlled Study on the Safety and Efficacy of Maraviroc and/or Favipiravir vs Currently Used Therapy in Severe COVID-19 Adults. “COMVIVIR” Trial.

Multiple studies have established that hyperinflammatory response induced by SARS CoV-2 is a main cause of complications and death in infected subjects. Such dysfunctional immune response has been described as a dysregulated and exacerbated production of cytokines and chemokines that attracts and activates inflammatory cells, which start and sustain pulmonary and systemic damage, thus causing complications that lead to multi organ failure and death. Therefore, we suggest that blocking key inflammation receptors could help to reduce migration and activation of T cells, monocytes/macrophages and neutrophils, thus mitigating the cytokine dysregulation and averting severe complications and death. Importantly, the optimum treatment for COVID-19 severe patients should combine a modulator of the immune response plus a direct antiviral drug against SARS-CoV-2, in order to address both the hyperinflammatory effects of the immune dysregulation and the viral load. Methods: Maraviroc (MVC), a CCR5 antagonist, and Favipiravir (FPV), an antiviral, will be evaluated single and combined, added to the treatment currently used at the Hospital General de México Dr. Eduardo Liceaga for severe COVID-19 patients. One hundred patients will be allocated in four arms [Current treatment only (CT), CT+MVC, CT+FPV, CT+MVC+FPV]. Percentage of patients free of mechanical ventilation or death at day 28, immunophenotyping and viral load will be compared between groups. Discussion: New immune focused therapies are targeting strong inflammation mediators such as IL-6 and IL1-β; nevertheless, to our best knowledge, only one study explores chemotaxis control. The use of a drug therapy that addresses both the regulation of the immune response and the inhibition of viral replication could at the same time, help to alleviate the hyperinflammatory condition and reduce the time of the viral clearance process, therefore improving treatment outcomes

Desafíos de las metrópolis: Efectos ambientales y sociales. Tendencias geográficas II

El libro está conformado de estudios realizados por profesores-investigadores de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, de la Universidad de Varsovia, así como de la Universidad Pedagógica Comisión de Educación Nacional de Cracovia. En esta obra se exponen algunas investigaciones sobre los cambios en los factores sociales, naturales, económicos y ambientales como principales desafios que presentan las zonas de México, Polonia y de contextos de Sudamérica, tales como Sao Paulo, Quito y Bogotá y ciudades medias y pequeñas.Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Méxic

Early impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on paediatric cancer care in Latin America

Although previous studies have suggested that the complications and mortality rate related to COVID-19 are substantially lower in the paediatric population,1 it is reasonable to consider that children with underlying conditions such as cancer will be at increased risk of severe disease...Fil: Vasquez, Liliana. Universidad de San Martín de Porres; Perú. Organización Panamericana de la Salud; PerúFil: Sampor, Claudia. Fundacion Hospital de Pediatria Professor Dr. Juan P. Garrahan; ArgentinaFil: Villanueva, Gabriela. Fundacion Hospital de Pediatria Professor Dr. Juan P. Garrahan; ArgentinaFil: Maradiegue, Essy. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas; PerúFil: Garcia Lombardi, Mercedes. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez"; ArgentinaFil: Gomez García, Wendy. Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral; República DominicanaFil: Moreno, Florencia. Ministerio de Salud. Instituto Nacional del Cáncer; ArgentinaFil: Diaz, Rosdali. Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Neoplasicas; PerúFil: Cappellano, Andrea M.. Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo; BrasilFil: Portilla, Carlos Andres. Universidad del Valle; ColombiaFil: Salas, Beatriz. Hospital del Niño Manuel Ascencio Villarroel; BoliviaFil: Nava, Evelinda. Hospital de Niños Jesus Garcia Coello; VenezuelaFil: Brizuela, Silvia. Instituto de Previsión Social ; ParaguayFil: Jimenez, Soledad. Hospital Solca Núcleo de Loja; EcuadorFil: Espinoza, Ximena. Hospital de Niños Dr. Roberto del Río; ChileFil: Gassant, Pascale Yola. Hôpital Saint-Damien; HaitíFil: Quintero, Karina. Children's Hospital Dr Jose Renan Esquivel; PanamáFil: Fuentes Alabi, Soad. Hospital Nacional de Niños Benjamin Bloom; El SalvadorFil: Velasquez, Thelma. No especifíca;Fil: Fu, Ligia. Hospital Escuela de Tegucigalpa; HondurasFil: Gamboa, Yessika. National Children's Hospital; Costa RicaFil: Quintana, Juan. Clinica Las Condes; ChileFil: Castiglioni, Mariela. Hospital Pereira Rossell; UruguayFil: Nuñez, Cesar. Children's Cancer Hospital; Estados UnidosFil: Moreno, Arturo. Hospital Universitario de Puebla; MéxicoFil: Luna Fineman, Sandra. State University of Colorado at Boulder; Estados UnidosFil: Luciani, Silvana. Pan American Health Organization; Estados UnidosFil: Chantada, Guillermo Luis. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; Argentina. Hospital Sant Joan de Deu Barcelona; Españ

Calidad de las elecciones a titular del Ejecutivo en el Centro y Centro-occidente de México

La presente obra comienza con un capítulo que contiene tanto consideraciones teóricas y metodológicas como una comparación sistemática de los resultados obtenidos en las investigaciones de las 14 entidades federativas incluidas en ella. Estas investigaciones están divididas en dos secciones, que corresponden a las dos regiones de las que forman parte —Centro y Centro-occidente—, las cuales han sido delimitadas con criterios convencionales de orden geográfico. La secuencia de los capítulos dentro de cada sección también resulta discutible: pusimos en primer lugar a la capital del país, y ordenamos a los estados según la distancia de la capital estatal respecto al Distrito Federal. La no coincidencia de los años de las elecciones a titular del Poder Ejecutivo (que se denominan gobernadores en los estados y jefe de gobierno en el Distrito Federal) en las distintas entidades federativas resulta lógica dada la naturaleza federal del Estado mexicano. De hecho, las elecciones analizadas en la presente obra abarcan de 2006 a 2011: las del Distrito Federal, Morelos, Guanajuato y Jalisco corresponden a la primera de estas fechas; la de Michoacán a 2007; las de Querétaro, San Luis Potosí y Colima a 2009; las de Hidalgo, Puebla, Tlaxcala y Aguascalientes a 2010, y las del Estado de México y Nayarit a 2011. El libro termina con tres conjuntos de anexos: el primero sintetiza la guía metodológica de la Renicadem; el segundo, dividido en tres cuadros, presenta los datos proporcionados por los equipos de investigación de las 14 entidades federativas; y el tercero incluye en un solo cuadro las evaluaciones de los tres anteriores, con la finalidad de facilitar su comparación.Este libro, que tiene por objetivo analizar la calidad de las elecciones celebradas entre 2006 y 2011 para ocupar la titularidad del Poder Ejecutivo de las 14 entidades federativas de la República Mexicana que conforman las regiones Centro y Centro-occidente de este país, ha sido elaborado por investigadores pertenecientes a la Red Nacional de Investigación sobre la Calidad de la Democracia en México (Renicadem), la cual cuenta con un equipo de investigación en cada una de las entidades federativas del país. A su vez, esta Red constituye una de las cuatro líneas temáticas que componen la red temática del Conacyt “Sociedad civil y calidad de la democracia”. Con todo, la presente obra puede considerarse, en dos sentidos, como el resultado parcial de estudios realizados por investigadores que conforman la mencionada Renicadem. Por un lado, trata sólo de una de las varias dimensiones que esta Red ha establecido como necesarias para analizar la calidad de la democracia: la calidad electoral (otras dimensiones, que se encuentran en proceso de investigación, son calidad de vida, rendición de cuentas y Estado de derecho). También es parcial porque no abarca la totalidad de la República Mexicana, sino únicamente a las 14 entidades indicadas

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity