Banque coopérative et gestion des ressources humaines : vers un modèle hybride ? Le cas du Crédit Agricole Provence Côte d'Azur

Les banques coopératives appartiennent à l'économie sociale et solidaire et sont construites sur des principes d'adhésion libre et volontaire, de gestion démocratique et de non distribution des bénéfices ? Leur modèle s'est développé en réaction à l'économie capitaliste avant de converger de plus en plus vers elle. Le Crédit Agricole a ainsi adopté, ces dernières années, des pratiques en matière de gestion des ressources humaines très proches des autres groupes bancaires. Notre étude a porté sur la Caisse Régionale du Crédit Agricole Provence Côte d'Azur dont l'analyse nous a permis de démontrer qu'elle ne correspondait aujourd'hui ni à un modèle capitaliste ni à un modèle de l'ESS mais constituait un modèle hybride à la recherche de compromis entre les différentes économies. Ce modèle lui confère une qualité de l'emploi plus élevée que celles des banques AFB dans certains domaines (conditions de travail, rémunération, formation professionnelle...) et assez similaires dans d'autres (organisation du travail, management...). Soucieux de réaffirmer son appartenance à l'économie sociale et solidaire, le CA PCA souhaite aujourd'hui inscrire ses valeurs dans ses pratiques managériales et les partager avec l'ensemble de son personnel. Il devra pour y parvenir réaliser des compromis pour permettre à chacune des parties prenantes de se les approprier

Uranium mobility in organic matter-rich sediments: A review of geological and geochemical processes

Uranium (U) is of enormous global importance because of its use in energy generation, albeit with potential environmental legacies. While naturally occurring U is widespread in the Earth's crust at concentrations of ~1 to 3 ppm, higher concentrations can be found, includingwithin organicmatter (OM)-rich sediments, leading to economic extraction opportunities. The primary determinants of U behaviour in ore systems are pH, Eh, U oxidation state (U(IV), U(VI)) and the abundance of CO3 2– ions. The concentration/availability and interrelationships among such determinants vary, and the solubility and mobility of ions (e.g. OH-, CO3 2–, PO4 3-, SiO4 4-, SO4 2-) that compete for U (primarily as U(VI)) will also influence the mobility of U. In addition, the presence of OM can influence U mobility and fate by the degree of OMsorption to mineral surfaces (e.g. Fe- and Si- oxides and hydroxides). Within solid-phase OM, microbes can influence U oxidation state and U stability through direct enzymatic reduction, biosorption, biomineralisation and bioaccumulation. The biogenic UO2 product is, however, reported to be readily susceptible to reoxidation and therefore more likely remobilised over longer time periods. Thus several areas of uncertainty remain with respect to factors contributing to U accumulation, stability and/or (re)mobilisation. To address these uncertainties, this paper reviews U dynamics at both geological and molecular scales. Here we identify U-OMbond values that are in agreement, relatively strong, independent from ionic strength and which may facilitate either U mobilisation or immobilisation, depending on environmental conditions. We also examine knowledge gaps in the literature, with U-OM solubility data generally lacking in comparison to data for U sorption and dissolution, and little information available on multi-component relationships, such as UOM-V (V as vanadate). Furthermore, the capability ofOMto influence the oxidation state of U at near surface conditions remains unclear, as it can be postulated that electron shuttling by OM may contribute to changes in U redox state otherwise mediated by bacteria. Geochemical modelling of the environmental mobility of U will require incorporation of data from multi-corporation studies, as well as from studies of U-OM microbial interactions, all of which are considered in this review

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

Elective cancer surgery in COVID-19-free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic: An international, multicenter, comparative cohort study

PURPOSE As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19-Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study.

PURPOSE: As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19-free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19-free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation). RESULTS: Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19-free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19-free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score-matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19-free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). CONCLUSION: Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19-free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks

« GeOMICS », nouveaux concepts de bioinformatique pour un nouvel outil de diagnostic environnemental basé sur l'alliance de la géochimie et des omiques

Soil represents a complex habitat and a difficult matrix for omic analysis. The microbial communities that live in them are adapted to their ecosystems whose physico-chemical characteristics differ according to the nature of the soil, its location and its depth. Floodplain soils, formed from sediments deposited during each flood, drain the alluvium of the watershed with which contaminants have a strong affinity. These soils are the witnesses of anthropic activities and are archives of past contaminations. The choice of a sampling site where sedimentation is regular allows the dating of successive layers of these archives. The objective of this thesis is to study the microbial communities under anthropic pressure from a temporal point of view by linking the changes in anthropic pressure measured on a site whose history is well known and the structuring of the communities sampled on these archives. Metaproteomics approaches based on massive ultrafast mass spectrometry results allow the identification of organisms present in the sample and provide unique functional data. A particular effort has been made to improve the data interpretation pipeline based on cascading queries leading to an identification rate well above the current standard. The combination of public databases and more sample-specific metagenomic data is a winning strategy. In a second step, a Seine River sediment core, subdivided into 35 dated layers, was exhaustively analyzed by metallomics, metagenomics, metataxonomics, and metaproteomics. Microorganisms identified and quantified by metaproteomics led to correlations with trace metal elements concentrations. The strategies and computer tools for data interpretation on a well-characterized core at the geochemical level open the way to an application in rapid diagnosis of microbial communities in soils.Les sols représentent un habitat complexe et une matrice difficile pour leurs analyses omiques. Les communautés microbiennes qui y vivent se sont adaptées à leurs écosystèmes dont les caractéristiques physico-chimiques diffèrent selon la nature du sol, sa localisation et sa profondeur. Les sols de plaine d'inondation, formés à partir des sédiments déposés lors de chaque crue, drainent les alluvions du bassin versant avec qui les contaminants ont une forte affinité . Ces sols sont les témoins des activités anthropiques formant des archives des contaminations passées. Le choix d'un site de prélèvement où la sédimentation est régulière permet la datation des couches successives de ces archives. Les travaux de thèse ont pour objectif d'étudier les communautés microbiennes sous pressions anthropiques d'un point de vue temporel en reliant les changements de pression anthropique mesurés sur un site dont l'historique est bien connu et la structuration des communautés prélevées sur ces archives. Les approches de métaprotéomique basées sur des résultats massifs de spectrométrie de masse ultra-rapide permettent l'identification des organismes présents dans l'échantillon et d'apporter des données fonctionnelles uniques. Un effort particulier a été porté sur l'amélioration du pipeline d'interprétation des données basé sur des requêtes en cascade aboutissant à un taux d'identification bien supérieur au standard actuel. La combinaison de bases de données publiques et de données métagénomiques plus spécifiques de l'échantillon est une stratégie gagnante. Dans un second temps, une archive sédimentaire de la Seine, subdivisée en 35 couches datées, a été analysée de façon exhaustive par métallomique, métagénomique, métataxonomique, et métaprotéomique. Les micro-organismes identifiés et quantifiés par métaprotéomique ont conduit à des corrélations aux concentrations en éléments traces métalliques. Les stratégies et outils informatiques d'interprétation des données sur une carotte bien caractérisée au niveau géochimique ouvrent la voie à une application en diagnostic rapide des communautés microbiennes dans les sols