Heroic register, oral tradition, and the Alliterative Morte Arthure

The Middle English Alliterative Morte Arthure (the Morte henceforth) begins with an appeal by the poet for his audience to listen to him as he tells his tale, thus asking them to focus on the aurality of his words. The poet implies an audience that is present in the telling, using first-person plural pronouns and mentioning the need for silence while the tale takes shape. By doing so, the poet highlights the centrality of speech in the heroic narrative about to ensue and invokes a particular performance frame, one that will be "keyed" by various aspects familiar to an audience fluent in the tradition.1 Of primary importance to this framing are both the alliterative meter and the nature of character speech, and it is my contention that this performance frame marks the text as heroic in the same vein as Old English heroic poetry, signaling a way to "read"2 the text that gives meaning to events that might be confusing for a modern audience, such as the two deaths of the Roman Emperor Lucius.Issue title: Festschrift for John Miles Foley. This article belongs to a special issue of Oral Tradition published in honor of John Miles Foley's 65th birthday and 2011 retirement. The surprise Festschrift, guest-edited by Lori and Scott Garner entirely without his knowledge, celebrates John's tremendous impact on studies in oral tradition through a series of essays contributed by his students from the University of Missouri-Columbia (1979-present) and from NEH Summer Seminars that he has directed (1987-1996)

Compressibility effects on transient gas pipe flow

Abstract (1) Methods of iterative solution for the partial-differential equations that govern the transient flow of gases in pipelines are obtained by using the method of characteristics and linear finite-difference techniques. Solutions are developed for 1) a constant gas compressibility factor throughout transient conditions, and 2) a variable gas compressibility factor at constant temperature dependent upon pressures encountered during transient flow. Theoretical studies are made to compare results using both approaches for pipelines operating at various constant flowing temperatures. Results show greater differences between the two methods at lower values of flowing temperature due to the more rapidly changing compressibility factor as a function of variable pressure --Abstract, page ii. Abstract (2) Equations are developed for transient gas pipe flow using both a constant and variable gas compressibility factor. Solution is by characteristics method using linear finite-differences. Results are used to compare the effects of compressibility factor at various constant flowing temperatures --Abstract, page iii

Experimental approaches to evaluating silicate melt properties and trace element fractionation during crystallization at high pressures and high temperatures

Current understanding of the evolution and behavior of silicate materials that form in planetary interiors at high-pressures and high-temperatures largely come from experimental work as natural samples are either rare, or physically inaccessible. Laboratory experiments provide a comprehensive way to constrain the crystallization history, elemental partitioning, and viscosity of different silicate materials at planetary mantle pressure and temperature conditions. This work utilizes two high-pressure experimental techniques, the Paris-Edinburgh apparatus, and the piston cylinder apparatus, to measure physical and chemical properties of silicate materials. The viscosity of reduced, Fe-free silicate liquids, with and without sulfur (S-free and S-bearing), were measured to predict the viscosity of Mercury’s magma ocean (Chapter 1). These viscosity measurements were used to create predictive viscosity models. The viscosity models were combined with crystallization models to predict mantle structures for Mercury’s solidifying magma ocean. The density of the resulting mantle structures were modeled to predict possible physical processes that could have occurred in Mercury’s interior, such as mantle overturn, that could produce the proper source regions for the igneous provinces seen on the surface of Mercury today (Chapter 2). The results of the viscosity measurements revealed differences in the behavior of the S-free and S-bearing liquids, where the sulfur-bearing exhibited lower viscosities than the S-free. Energy-dispersive X-ray Diffraction and Raman spectroscopy measurements were taken on in situ liquids and recovered glasses, respectively, to analyze the liquid and glass amorphous structures between the S-free and S-bearing compositions. The results revealed that sulfur has a depolymerization effect on the silicate structure and that Al causes inherent pressure sensitivity in silicate liquids by affecting the bond length and angles of the silicate structure (Chapter 3). The final project (Chapter 4) includes measuring the trace element partitioning in mafic systems with variable Fe and Al content. This work revealed that while Al does affect the partitioning of 1+, 3+, and 4+ cations into the clinopyroxene structure, in Fe-rich systems, Fe appears to play a role in the partitioning of heavy rare earth elements (3+) onto the M1 site in 6-fold coordination that is not observed in Mg-rich clinopyroxenes

Acute and Chronic Vascular Responses to Blood Flow Restriction in the Upper Body

Blood flow restriction (BFR) with low load exercise increases muscular size and strength. Little is known of vascular adaptations to this training modality, and nothing was known at very low loads. These studies examined cardiovascular responses to high load (70% of one-repetition maximum (1RM)) and very low load (15%1RM) exercise, alone or at two levels of BFR. Study 1: Participants performed unilateral biceps curls using either 15%1RM with no BFR (15/00), 40% of arterial occlusion pressure (AOP) (15/40), or 80%AOP (15/80), or 70%1RM (70/00). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and blood flow (BF) were measured in the arms during four sets performed to voluntary failure. BF increased in 15/00 (+470.8 (257.6) ml·min-1), 15/40 (325.3 (174.9) ml·min-1), and 70/00 (445.6 (249.3) ml·min-1) following the 2nd set, but not in 15/80. One minute following the 4th set, BF increased in 15/80 (+300.6 (206.4) ml·min-1), with no differences between conditions. SBP rose across all conditions (+10 (11) mmHg), whereas DBP rose in 15/00 (+8 (5) mmHg), 15/40 (+9 (7) mmHg), and 15/80 (+3 (7) mmHg) only. Study 2: Participants trained twice weekly, with one of the four conditions in each arm. Forearm blood flow (FBF), vascular conductance (VC), maximum venous outflow (MVO), venous volume variation (VVV), and venous compliance (CV) were examined before and after training. FBF and VC increased in 15/80 (+0.520 (0.218) ml·min-1·100ml-1; +8.286 (2.66) ml·mmHg-1) and 70/00 (+0.616 (0.212) ml·min-1·100ml-1; +8.595 (2.60) ml·mmHg-1). MVO increased for all conditions at 60 mmHg (+4.020 (1.416) ml·min-1·100ml-1), and for 15/00 (+6.52 (3.02) ml·min-1·100ml-1) and 15/80 (+11.468 (2.965) ml·min-1·100ml-1) at 80 mmHg. VVV increased at 20 mmHg (+0.075 (0.030) %), 40 mmHg (+0.162 (0.069) %), and 80 mmHg (+0.310 (0.103) %) for all conditions, but decreased for 15/00 (-0.632 (0.200) %) at 60 mmHg. CV increased across all conditions following training (+0.003 (0.002) %·mmHg-1). Rating of perceived exertion decreased halfway through training and remained depressed, while discomfort at first decreased at 4 weeks but returned to baseline at 8 weeks. High BFR pressures combined with very low loads result in similar vascular adaptations as high loads with eight weeks of training

The Euros Future: A Ten-Year Projection

The euro is now more than ten years old. It has not quite lived up to the early expectations but has performed well since its introduction. This paper seeks to review the currencys history and evaluate its potential over the next ten years given a list of currency strength factors. This evaluation was based on a thorough review of available research regarding the topic. This paper finds that, despite some significant weaknesses, both the currency and its underlying economy are relatively strong and poised to grow in the long-term. As such, it makes the case for an appreciated currency in the next ten years

Patricia Mouser

Patricia Mouser is a retired Child Nutrition Services Director with 36 years of school nutrition service. She began her career in child nutrition working in the Texas Tech University food service, followed by work in the San Antonio schools and then 27 years as the Director of Child Nutrition Services for the Midland Independent School District in west Texas. Patricia received her bachelor’s degree in Foods and Nutrition from Texas Tech University and she continues to be active with the Academy for Nutrition and Dietetics as well as the School Nutrition Association, having served on local, state, and national boards and in offices over the course of her career. Patricia works as an independent consultant to provide training programs for school nutrition employees and she is a certified Master Trainer.https://egrove.olemiss.edu/icn_ohistories/1085/thumbnail.jp